5-DAY BOD TEST

A Laboratory Report Presented to the

Faculty of the Department of Chemical Engineering
School of Engineering and Architecture
Saint Louis University

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Course:

CHE 424AL: Environmental Engineering for CHE (Lab)

by:
Cudia, Genery Mae P.
De Guzman, Marriane Camille J.
Del Rosario, Jehra Luz J.
Dial, Katherine Joyce A.

December 2020
 Department of Chemical Engineering
School of Engineering and Architecture
Saint Louis University

LABORATORY REPORT EVALUATION SHEET

Laboratory Course: CHE3131L Schedule: 1:30-6:00 WTh

Experiment Number: 10
Experiment Title: 5-Day BOD Test
Group Number: 7 Date Performed: December 14, 2020
Group Members: Cudia, Genery Mae P. Date Submitted: December 21, 2020
De Guzman, Marriane Camille J.
Del Rosario, Jehra Luz J.
Dial, Katherine Joyce A.

CONTENTS TOTAL REMARKS SCORE

POINTS
I. Abstract 15

II. Introduction 10

III. Design and Methodology 10

IV. Results and Discussions 15

V. Conclusion and 10
Recommendations
VI. Appendices: 15
a. List and Uses of
Apparatus
b. Definition of Terms
c. Documentation
d. Computations
e. Answers to
Questions/Problems

VII. Table of Contents/ List of 10

Tables/ List of Figures
VIII. Bibliography/References 5
(APA format)
IX. Format and Neatness 10

TOTAL POINTS: 100 SCORE: ________

Evaluated by: Engr. Gizelle Pascua Date: December 21, 2020
 Table of Contents
ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................................. 1
INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 2
DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................... 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .............................................................................................................. 6
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................................................... 7
APPENDICES .......................................................................................................................................... 8
REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................... 15
DISTRIBUTION OF WORK .................................................................................................................. 16

List of Table

Table 11.0 Data and Results ……………………..………………………………………… 6

 ABSTRACT

Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) is one of the significant parameters measured in

wastewater treatment. This parameter indicates the amount of oxygen required for the
biological disintegration of dissolved organic matter to happen under standard conditions.
The objective of this experiment was focused on the determination of five-day BOD using
the azide modification method. The azide modification method was employed to minimize
the effect of interfering materials present in the water sample. BOD involves measuring
the initial value of dissolved oxygen (DO) and after five days of incubation for the final
concentration of DO. In this method, the concentration of oxygen consumed by
microorganisms during the five-day incubation period is used to determine the BOD of
the water sample. It was found out that the water sample contains a BOD of 2.1958 mg/
L after five-day incubation. This value indicates that the water sample is moderately
polluted; hence, enough oxygen is being removed from the water resulting in its pollution.
In performing this experiment, an in-depth understanding of the procedures for
determining DO concentration is essential to obtain BOD measurements accurately.
Keywords: Five-day BOD, Azide modification method, Dissolve oxygen

1
 INTRODUCTION

The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) determination is an empirical test in which

standardized laboratory procedures are used to determine the relative oxygen
requirements of wastewaters, effluents, and polluted waters. The test has its widest
application in measuring waste loadings to treatment plants and in evaluating the BOD-
removal efficiency of such treatment systems. The test measures the molecular oxygen
utilized during a specified incubation period for the biochemical degradation of organic
material (carbonaceous demand) and the oxygen used to oxidize inorganic material such
as sulfides and ferrous iron. It also may measure the amount of oxygen used to oxidize
reduced forms of nitrogen (nitrogenous demand) unless their oxidation is prevented by
an inhibitor. The seeding and dilution procedures provide an estimate of the BOD at pH
6.5 to 7.5.
BOD determination is another very common index of the quality of water based on
quantification of the overall concentration of organic substances by their effect on the
respiration of a microbial biomass. The conventional parameter of quality, dating back to
1908, is the so-called BOD-5 (or BOD5) method that measures the oxygen consumption
of a sample at 20°C for 5 days in the dark, by aerobic microorganisms deliberately
introduced into the water sample in a closed container.
When a measurement is made of all oxygen consuming materials in a sample, the
result is termed “Total Biochemical Oxygen Demand” (TBOD), or often just simply
“Biochemical Oxygen Demand” (BOD). Because the test is performed over a five-day
period, it is often referred to as a “Five Day BOD”, or a BOD5.
In many biological treatment plants, the facility effluent contains large numbers of
nitrifying organisms which are developed during the treatment process. These organisms
can exert an oxygen demand as they convert nitrogenous compounds (ammonia and
organic nitrogen) to more stable forms (nitrites and nitrates). At least part of this oxygen
demand is normally measured in a five-day BOD.
Sometimes it is advantageous to measure just the oxygen demand exerted by
organic (carbonaceous) compounds, excluding the oxygen demand exerted by the
nitrogenous compounds. To accomplish this, the nitrifying organisms can be inhibited
from using oxygen by the addition of a nitrification inhibitor to the samples. The result is
termed “Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand”, or CBOD.
Most pristine rivers will have a 5-day carbonaceous BOD below 1 mg/L.
Moderately polluted rivers may have a BOD value in the range of 2 to 8 mg/L. Rivers may
be considered severely polluted when BOD values exceed 8 mg/L. Municipal sewage that
is efficiently treated by a three-stage process would have a value of about 20 mg/L or
less. Untreated sewage varies, but averages around 600 mg/L in Europe and as low as
200 mg/L in the U.S., or where there is severe groundwater or surface water

2
infiltration/inflow. The generally lower values in the U.S. derive from the much greater
water use per capita than in other parts of the world.
In order to obtain BOD5, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in a sample must
be measured before and after the incubation period, and appropriately adjusted by the
sample corresponding dilution factor. This analysis is performed using 300 ml incubation
bottles in which buffered dilution water is dosed with seed microorganisms and stored for
5 days in the dark room at 20 °C to prevent DO production via photosynthesis. The bottles
have traditionally been made of glass, which required cleaning and rinsing between
samples. The dilution water blank is used to confirm the quality of the dilution water that
is used to dilute the other samples. This is necessary because impurities in the dilution
water may cause significant alterations in the results. The GGA control is a standardized
solution to determine the quality of the seed, where its recommended BOD5 concentration
is 198 mg/l ± 30.5 mg/l. For measurement of carbonaceous BOD (cBOD), a nitrification
inhibitor is added after the dilution water has been added to the sample. The inhibitor
hinders the oxidation of ammonia nitrogen, which supplies the nitrogenous BOD (nBOD).
When performing the BOD5 test, it is conventional practice to measure only cBOD
because nitrogenous demand does not reflect the oxygen demand from organic matter.
This is because nBOD is generated by the breakdown of proteins, whereas cBOD is
produced by the breakdown of organic molecules.
BOD5 is calculated by:
𝐷0 − 𝐷5
𝑈𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑: 𝐵𝑂𝐷5 =
𝑃
(𝐷0 − 𝐷5 ) − (𝐵0 − 𝐵5 )𝑓
𝑆𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑: 𝐵𝑂𝐷5 =
𝑃

3
 DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
Procedures:
Preparation of Dilution of Water
The dissolved oxygen of the pure water sample was observed first. Then
the resulting oxygen of the pure water sample dictated whether or not if the
samples need to be diluted or not with the dilution water. If the dissolved oxygen
of the water sample is quite low, dilution process has to be prepared and
incorporated. 1:3 ratio for the volume of water sample is used which is also the
volume of BOD bottle.
1. A desired volume of demineralized, distilled, tap, or neutral water is placed in
a suitable container for the whole class.
2. 1 mL each of phosphate buffer, MgSO4, CaCl2, and FeCl3 solutions per liter of
water is added.
3. The initial and final DO of the dilution water was determined by doing the same
procedure as that of the water sample and was used as a blank.
4. The dilution water was saturated first with DO by aerating with organic-free
filtered air.

Initial DO Determination
1. 298 mL of water sample was measured and placed on the BOD bottle.
2. 1 mL of MnSO4 solution was added and followed by 1 mL of alkali-iodide-azide
reagent. If the pipets are dipped into the sample, it must be rinsed first before
returning to the reagent bottles. Alternatively, the pipets must be held on the
tips just above liquid surface when adding reagents.
3. The solution was mixed carefully using the pipet.
4. After 2 minutes, 1 mL of concentrated H2SO4 was added and mixed several
times using the pipet until dissolution was completed.
5. The solution was mixed well for another 2 minutes using a pipet.
6. 200 mL from the BOD bottle was measured and placed immediately in a
cleaned Erlenmeyer flask.
7. The solution was titrated with 0.025 M Na2S2O3 solution until the color was pale
straw.
8. A few drops of starch solution were added and the titration was continued to
first disappearance of blue color.

Final DO Determination
1. For the water sample with dilution water, 100 mL of sample water and 198 mL
of dilution water was measured and placed in the BOD bottles.
2. The solution was mixed carefully using the pipet.
3. A stopper was placed carefully on the bottle.
4. The BOD bottles with sample was placed in an incubator with a temperature of
20°C for 5 days.

4
 5. After 5 days, the BOD bottles were taken out of the incubator. 2 mL of the
sample was measured using the pipet and 1 mL of MnSO4 and alkali-iodide-
azide.
6. 1 mL of MnSO4 solution followed by 1 mL of alkali-iodide-azide reagent was
added. If the pipets are dipped into the sample, it must be rinsed first before
returning to the reagent bottles. Alternatively, the pipets must be held on the
tips just above liquid surface when adding reagents.
7. The solution was mixed well for another 2 minutes using a pipet.
8. 200 mL from the BOD bottle was measured and placed immediately in a
cleaned Erlenmeyer flask.
9. The solution was titrated with 0.025 M Na2S2O3 solution until the color was pale
straw.
10. A few drops of starch solution were added and the titration was continued to
first disappearance of blue color.

Calculations:
𝐷𝑂
1 𝑚𝐿 𝑜𝑓 0.025 𝑀 𝑁𝑎2 𝑆2 𝑂3 = 1 𝑚𝑔
𝐿

𝑉𝑇 𝐶𝑇 = 𝐶𝐷𝑊 𝑉𝐷𝑊 + 𝐶𝑊𝑊 𝑉𝑊𝑊

𝐷𝑂𝑖 − 𝐷𝑂𝑓
𝐵𝑂𝐷5 =
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑂𝐷 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑙𝑒

5
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 11. 0 Data and Results

Before Incubation After Incubation

Volume Volume Volume Volume
SAMPLE
TRIAL of of of of BOD 5
(GROUP) DOi, DOf,
sample titrant sample titrant
mg/L mg/L
used, used, used, used,
mL mL mL mL

1 298 11.0 5.7047 100 8.5 7.7215

10 2.1958
2 298 11.0 6.0473 100 9.0 7.7215

This experiment indicates how much dissolve oxygen is needed to breakdown

organic matter and this is an important parameter to see the degree of pollution this gives
to the environment. Two important values are calculated to come up with the BOD5. The
sample was tested twice to get a more concrete and precise result for their DO before
incubation and DO after incubation. The average of DO before incubation and DO after
incubation are 8.0537 mg\/L 5.8725 mg/L respectively. The values together with the
volume of sample and battle was used to calculate the BOD5 which is 2.1958 mg/L which
means that the water sample is moderately polluted; hence, enough oxygen is being
removed from the water resulting in its pollution.

6
 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) measures the amount of oxygen that was
consumed by microorganism in decomposing organic materials. The experiment is used
to measure the amount of oxygen that was depleted in the water for specific period of
time. Moreover, it also helps in determining the degree of pollution the microorganism is
giving by consuming oxygen. A high BOD5 indicates that more oxygen is required and
resulting for shorten the lifespan of aquatic species. This also signifies that the water has
a lower quality thus it is polluted. On the other hand, low BOD means that less oxygen is
being removed in water thus water is cleaner.
In performing this experiment many possible factors may affect in the process
resulting in some errors in the result. It is recommended that measuring biochemical
oxygen demand requires taking two measurements. One is measured immediately for
dissolved oxygen (initial), and the second is incubated in the lab for 5 days and then
tested for the amount of dissolved oxygen remaining (final). This represents the amount
of oxygen consumed by microorganisms to break down the organic matter present in the
sample during the incubation period.(YSI). Students are recommended to follow properly
and orderly the procedure to avoid errors. Furthermore, they must clean and check all
their apparatus before using to avoid unnecessary contamination and breakage during
the process.

7
 APPENDICES
Appendix A: List and Uses of Apparatus

BOD Bottle. Or an incubation bottle is a main apparatus used for the Biological
Oxygen Demand (BOD) test.
Beaker. A lipped cylindrical glass container for laboratory use.
Buret. A graduated glass tube with a tap at one end, for delivering known volumes of
a liquid, especially in titrations.
Dropper. Is a small glass tube with a hollow rubber part on one end which you use
for drawing up and dropping small amounts of liquid.
Erlenmeyer Flask. Also known as titration flask used to hold sample liquids and
performing mixing for titration process.
Graduated Cylinder. Also known as measuring cylinder or mixing cylinder is a
common piece of laboratory equipment used to measure the volume of a liquid. It has
a narrow cylindrical shape. Each marked line on the graduated cylinder represents the
amount of liquid that has been measured.
Incubator. An insulated enclosure in which temperature, humidity, and other
environmental conditions can be regulated at levels optimal for growth, hatching, or
reproduction.
Pipet. Also spelled pipet. Is a laboratory tool commonly used in chemistry, biology
and medicine to transport a measured volume of liquid.
Rubber Bulb / Pipetol. Are used in chemistry laboratories, by placing them on top of
a glass or plastic tube. It serves as a vacuum source for filling reagents through a
pipette or pasteur pipette and also help control the flow of liquid from the dropping
bottle.
Stirrer. An object or mechanical device used for stirring something.

Appendix B: Definition of Terms

Aerobic Organisms. An organism that requires oxygen for growth and oxygen-based
metabolism
Azide Modification Method. The Azide Modification of the Winkler Method is the
standard test for dissolved oxygen. It uses a buret and 0.025 N sodium thiosulfate.

8
 Biodegradation. Biodegradation is the process by which organic substances are
decomposed by micro-organisms (mainly aerobic bacteria) into simpler substances
such as carbon dioxide, water and ammonia.
BOD of water. Also known as polluted water is the amount of oxygen required for the
biological decomposition of dissolved organic matter to occur under standard
condition at a standardized time and temperature.
Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand. "CBOD5" means the measure of
the amount of oxygen required by bacteria while stabilizing, digesting, or treating the
organic matter under aerobic conditions over a five-day incubation period while in the
presence of a chemical inhibitor to block nitrification. CBOD is commonly expressed
in milligrams per liter (mg/l).
Incubation period. The incubation period is the time needed for any particular
process of development to take place.
Nitrogenous Demand. Nitrogenous oxygen demand (NOD) is a quantitative measure
of the amount of dissolved oxygen required for the biological oxidation of nitrogenous
material, for example, nitrogen in ammonia, and organic nitrogen in waste water.
Sanitary Analysis. Sanitary analysis of water includes physical examination,
microscopic and bacteriological examination, chemical analysis and sanitary survey
to determine the nature, characteristics and amounts of impurities of water or qualities
detrimental to health that are not recognizable by any other method.

Appendix C: Documentation
(No documentation because of the absence of an actual laboratory set-up)

Appendix D: Calculations

Before Incubation After Incubation

Volume Volume Volume Volume
SAMPLE
TRIAL of of of of BOD 5
(GROUP) DOi, DOf,
sample titrant sample titrant
mg/L mg/L
used, used, used, used,
mL mL mL mL

1 298 11.0 5.7047 100 8.5 7.7215

10 2.1958
2 298 11.0 6.0473 100 9.0 7.7215

9
FOR DO:
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐′𝑛 = 0.25 𝑀 𝑁𝑎2 𝑆2 𝑂3 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒐𝒍/𝑳
𝒈
𝑀𝑊 𝑂𝑥𝑦𝑔𝑒𝑛 = 𝟑𝟐
𝒎𝒐𝒍
Equations:
𝐼2(𝑎𝑞) + 2𝑆2 𝑂3 −2 −2 −
(𝑎𝑞) → 𝑆4 𝑂6(𝑎𝑞) + 2𝐼(𝑎𝑞)

𝑀𝑛𝑂2(𝑠) + 2𝐼(−𝑎𝑞) + 4𝐻(+𝑎𝑞) → 𝑀𝑛(+2

𝑎𝑞) + 𝐼2(𝑎𝑞) + 2𝐻2 𝑂(𝑙)

2𝑀𝑛2+ −
(𝑎𝑞) + 4𝑂𝐻(𝑎𝑞) + 𝑂2(𝑎𝑞) → 2𝑀𝑛𝑂2(𝑠) + 2𝐻2 𝑂(𝑙)

∴ 4𝑆2 𝑂3 −2
(𝑎𝑞) = 1𝑂2(𝑎𝑞 )

BEFORE INCUBATION
Trial 1:
0.025 𝑚𝑜𝑙 1𝐿
𝑀𝑜𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎2 𝑆2 𝑂3 = 𝑥 11.0 𝑚𝐿 𝑥 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟓 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝒎𝒐𝒍
𝐿 1000 𝑚𝐿
2.75 𝑥 10−4 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐼2(𝑎𝑞) = = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟕𝟓𝟎 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝒎𝒐𝒍
2
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑀𝑛𝑂2(𝑠) = 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐼2 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟕𝟓𝟎 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝒎𝒐𝒍
1.3750 𝑥 10−4 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2(𝑎𝑞) = = 𝟔. 𝟖𝟕𝟓𝟎 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟓 𝒎𝒐𝒍
2
32 𝑔 1000 𝑚𝑔
6.8750 𝑥 10−5 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑥 𝑥 𝒎𝒈
𝑚𝑜𝑙 1𝑔
∴ 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐′𝑛 𝐷𝑂𝑓 = = 𝟐𝟐
0. 100 𝐿 𝑳
1.0101 𝑚𝑔/𝐿 𝑥 198 𝑚𝐿 + 22 𝑚𝑔/𝐿 𝑥 100 𝑚𝐿
𝐷𝑂𝑓 = = 8.0537 𝒎𝒈/𝑳
298

Trial 2:
0.025 𝑚𝑜𝑙 1𝐿
𝑀𝑜𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎2 𝑆2 𝑂3 = 𝑥 11.0 𝑚𝐿 𝑥 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟓 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝒎𝒐𝒍
𝐿 1000 𝑚𝐿
2.125 𝑥 10−4 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐼2(𝑎𝑞) = = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟕𝟓𝟎 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝒎𝒐𝒍
2
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑀𝑛𝑂2(𝑠) = 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐼2 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟕𝟓𝟎 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝒎𝒐𝒍
1.3750 𝑥 10−4 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2(𝑎𝑞) = = 𝟔. 𝟖𝟕𝟓𝟎 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟓 𝒎𝒐𝒍
2

10
 32 𝑔 1000 𝑚𝑔
6.8750 𝑥 10−5 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑥 𝑥 𝒎𝒈
𝑚𝑜𝑙 1𝑔
∴ 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐′𝑛 𝐷𝑂𝑓 = = 𝟐𝟐
0. 100 𝐿 𝑳
1.0101 𝑚𝑔/𝐿 𝑥 198 𝑚𝐿 + 22 𝑚𝑔/𝐿 𝑥 100 𝑚𝐿
𝐷𝑂𝑓 = = 𝟖. 𝟎𝟓𝟑𝟕 𝒎𝒈/𝑳
298

𝟖. 𝟎𝟓𝟑𝟕 + 𝟖. 𝟎𝟓𝟑𝟕
𝑨𝒗𝒆 𝑫𝑶𝒇 = = 𝟖. 𝟎𝟓𝟑𝟕 𝒎𝒈/𝑳
𝟐

AFTER INCUBATION
DO for Dilution water:
0.025 𝑚𝑜𝑙 1𝐿
𝑀𝑜𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎2 𝑆2 𝑂3 = 𝑥 1 𝑚𝐿 𝑥 = 𝟐. 𝟓 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟓 𝒎𝒐𝒍
𝐿 1000 𝑚𝐿
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2 = 𝟒 𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝑺𝟐 𝑶𝟑 𝟐−
2.5 𝑥 10−5 𝑚𝑜𝑙
∴ 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2 = = 𝟔. 𝟐𝟓 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 𝒎𝒐𝒍
4
32 𝑔 1000 𝑚𝑔
6.25 𝑥 10−6 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑥 𝑥 𝒎𝒈
𝑚𝑜𝑙 1𝑔
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐′𝑛 𝐷𝑂𝑓 = = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟏
0. 198 𝐿 𝑳

Trial 1:
0.025 𝑚𝑜𝑙 1𝐿
𝑀𝑜𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎2 𝑆2 𝑂3 = 𝑥 8.5 𝑚𝐿 𝑥 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟓 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝒎𝒐𝒍
𝐿 1000 𝑚𝐿
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2 = 4 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑆2 𝑂3 2−
2.125 𝑥 10−4 𝑚𝑜𝑙
∴ 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2 = = 𝟓. 𝟑𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟓 𝒎𝒐𝒍
4
32 𝑔 1000 𝑚𝑔
5.3125 𝑥 10−5 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑥 𝑥 𝒎𝒈
′ 𝑚𝑜𝑙 1𝑔
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑛 𝐷𝑂𝑖 = = 𝟓. 𝟕𝟎𝟒𝟕
0. 298 𝐿 𝑳

Trial 2:
0.025 𝑚𝑜𝑙 1𝐿
𝑀𝑜𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎2 𝑆2 𝑂3 = 𝑥 9.0 𝑚𝐿 𝑥 = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟓 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝒎𝒐𝒍
𝐿 1000 𝑚𝐿
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2 = 4 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑆2 𝑂3 2−

11
 3.1 𝑥 10−4 𝑚𝑜𝑙
∴ 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂2 = = 𝟓. 𝟔𝟐𝟓 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟓 𝒎𝒐𝒍
4
32 𝑔 1000 𝑚𝑔
5.625 𝑥 10−5 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑥 𝑥 𝒎𝒈
𝑚𝑜𝑙 1𝑔
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐 ′𝑛 𝐷𝑂𝑖 = = 𝟔. 𝟎𝟒𝟎𝟑
0. 298 𝐿 𝑳
𝟓. 𝟕𝟎𝟒𝟕 + 𝟔. 𝟎𝟒𝟎𝟑 𝒎𝒈
𝑨𝒗𝒆 𝑫𝑶𝒊 = = 𝟓. 𝟖𝟕𝟐𝟓
𝟐 𝑳

BOD 5:
𝐷𝑂𝑓 − 𝐷𝑂𝑖
𝐵𝑂𝐷5 =
𝑉𝑜𝑙. 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒⁄
𝑉𝑜𝑙. 𝐵𝑂𝐷 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑙𝑒
8.0537 𝑚𝑔/𝐿 − 5.8725 𝑚𝑔/𝐿
𝐵𝑂𝐷5 = = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟗𝟓𝟖 𝒎𝒈/𝑳
298 𝑚𝐿⁄
300 𝑚𝐿

Appendix E: Answer to Questions

1. What importance will it give by having a dilution in a water sample?

Dilution of water sample makes the interfering substance of the solution to
reduce to a point wherein it no longer interferes with the test. Dilution is important
because it is needed to prevent the depletion of the entire oxygen present in the
BOD.

2. In a BOD test on a diluted wastewater sample (1:20 dilution, but no seeded). The
initial Do is 8.2 mg/L and final DO after 5 days is 3.2 mg/L. If the reaction rate
constant is 0.2/day, calculate a) 5-day BOD, b) ultimate carbonaceous BOD, c)
remaining oxygen demand after 5 days.

Given: 𝐷𝑂𝑖 = 8.2 𝑚𝑔/𝐿; 𝐷𝑂𝑓 = 3.2 𝑚𝑔/𝐿

𝑡 = 5 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠; 𝑘 = 0.2/𝑑𝑎𝑦
Required: a. 5-day BOD
b. Ultimate carbonaceous BOD
c. Remaining oxygen demand after 5 days
Solution:

12
 1
𝑃 = = 0.05
20
𝐷𝑂𝑖 − 𝐷𝑂𝑓 8.2 − 3.2 𝒎𝒈
a. 𝐵𝑂𝐷5 = = = 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑃 0.05 𝑳

b. 𝑌𝑡 = 𝐵𝑂𝐷𝑢 (1 − 𝑒 −𝑘𝑡 )
100 𝑚𝑔/𝐿 = 𝐵𝑂𝐷𝑢 (1 − 𝑒 −0.2(5) )
𝑩𝑶𝑫𝒖 = 𝟏𝟓𝟖. 𝟏𝟗𝟕𝟕 𝒎𝒈/𝑳

c. 𝐵𝑂𝐷𝑡 = 𝐵𝑂𝐷𝑢 𝑒 −𝑘𝑡

𝐵𝑂𝐷𝑡 = 158.1977𝑒 −0.2(5) = 𝟓𝟖. 𝟏𝟗𝟕𝟕 𝒎𝒈/𝑳

3. Give 3 methods to control nitrification in the 5-days BOD test at 20°C?

To control nitrification in the 5 days BOD test at 20oC, seeded dilution water
must be stored at 20°C long enough for the dilution water depletion to meet the
quality criteria which is depletion of no more than 0.2 mg/L DO. Moreover, adding
of enough nitrification inhibitor to the dilution water to produce a final concentration
of 10 mg/L.

4. If 5-day BOD at 20°C is equal to 150 mg/L (rate constant, k=0.23/day), calculate
the 5-day BOD at 15°C and 22°C. Use the relationship of k with temperature given
in your Environmental Engineering Lecture Class.

Given:
5 − 𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝐵𝑂𝐷 = 150 𝑚𝑔/𝐿; 𝑘 = 0.23/𝑑𝑎𝑦; 𝑇 = 20℃
Required:
a. BOD at 15°C
b. BOD at 22°C
Solution:
𝐵𝑂𝐷𝑡 = 𝐵𝑂𝐷𝑢 𝑒 −𝑘𝑡 = 150 𝑚𝑔/𝐿 = 𝐵𝑂𝐷𝑢 𝑒 −0.23(5)
𝐵𝑂𝐷𝑢 = 473.7289 𝑚𝑔/𝐿
𝑘 𝑇 = 𝑘20 𝜃 (𝑇−20)
𝑘15 = 0.23(1.135)(15−20) = 0.1221/𝑑𝑎𝑦
5 − 𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝐵𝑂𝐷 = 473.7289𝑒 −0.1221(5) = 𝟐𝟓𝟕. 𝟐𝟕𝟐𝟑 𝒎𝒈/𝑳

𝑘 𝑇 = 𝑘20 𝜃 (𝑇−20)

13
𝑘22 = 0.23(1.056)(22−20) = 0.2565/𝑑𝑎𝑦
5 − 𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝐵𝑂𝐷 = 473.7289𝑒 −0.2565(5) = 𝟏𝟑𝟏. 𝟑𝟖𝟓𝟒 𝒎𝒈/𝑳

14
 REFERENCES

Orellana, G., Cano-Raya, C., López-Gejo, J., & Santos. (2011). Treatise on Water
Science. Online Monitoring Sensors., 221-261.

Lenore S. Clesceri, Andrew D. Eaton, Eugene W. Rice (2005). Standard Methods for
Examination of Water & Wastewater Method 5210B. Washington, DC: American
Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and the Water
Environment Association.

YSI,(n.d). Biochemical Oxygen Demand – BOD. Reterieved from

https://www.ysi.com/parameters/biochemical-oxygen-demand-
bod#:~:text=Measuring%20biochemical%20oxygen%20demand%20requires,dissolved
%20oxygen%20remaining%20(final).

15
DISTRIBUTION OF WORK

DE GUZMAN, MARRIANE CAMILLE J. Abstract

Compilation
DIAL. KATHERINE JOYCE A. Introduction
References
DEL ROSARIO, JEHRA LUZ J. Results and Discussion
Conclusion and Recommendations
CUDIA, GENERY MAE P. Design and Methodology
Appendices

16