ASSIGNMENT-I

Module-1
1. For the radial network shown in Fig. 1, a three-phase fault occurs at F. Determine the
fault current and the line voltage at 11 kV bus under fault conditions.

Fig. 1
2. A 25 MVA, 11 kV generator with Xd’’ = 20% is connected through a transformer, line
and a transformer to a bus that supplies three identical motors as shown in the following
figure. Each motor has Xd’’ = 25% and Xd’ = 30% on a base of 5 MVA, 6.6 kV. The
three-phase rating of the step-up transformer is 25 MVA, 11/66 kV with a leakage
reactance of 10% and that of the step-down transformer is 25 MVA, 66/6.6 kV with a
leakage reactance of 10%. The bus voltage at the motors is 6.6 kV when a three-pha.se
fault occurs at the point F. For the specified fault, calculate:
(a) the sub-transient current in the fault,
(b) the sub-transient current in the breaker B,
(c) the momentary current in breaker B, and
(d) the current to be interrupted by breaker B in five cycles.

3. Consider the 4-bus system of the following figure. Buses 1 and 2 are generator buses and
3 and 4 are load buses. The generators are rated 11 kV, 100 MV A, with transient
reactance of 10% each. Both the transformers are 11/110 kV, 100 MVA with a leakage
reactance of 5%. The reactances of the lines to a base of 100 MV A, 110 kV are indicated
on the figure Fig. 2. Obtain the short circuit solution for a three-phase solid fault on bus 4
(load bus). Assume pre-fault voltages to be 1 p.u and pre-fault currents to be zero.
 Fig. 2
4. Determine the values of symmetrical components of a system of currents I R = 0 + j120; IY
= 50 - j100 A and IB = - 100-j50 A. Phase sequence is RYB.
5. The currents in a 3-phase system are IR = 12 + j6; IY = 12-j12 and IB = -15 + j10. Find the
symbolic expression for the three symmetrical components.
6. Determine the positive, negative and zero phase sequence components of the following
set of three phase unbalanced voltage phasors:
VA = 10<30˚; VB = 30<-60˚; VC = 15<145˚.
7. The following currents were in R, Y and B lines of a 3-phase system under abnormal
conditions:
IR = 450<300˚; IY = 750<240˚; and IB= 1500<60˚.
Determine positive, negative and zero phase sequence components.
8. For the circuit shown in the following figure Fig. 3, find symmetrical components of
current in line a.

Fig. 3
9. Draw the sequence networks for the power system shown in the following figure Fig. 4:

Fig. 4
10. When a generator has terminal ‘A’ open and the other two terminals are short circuited to
ground, typical value for the symmetrical components of current in phase ‘A’ are:
Ia1 = 600<-90˚ A; Ia2 = 250<90˚ A; Ia3 = 350<90˚ A. Find the current into the ground.
11. What do you understand by the instantaneous maximum momentary current for a line?
Explain it with the help of a suitable diagram.
12. Discuss and explain the sub-transient, transient and steady state reactances when a sudden
3-phase short circuit occurs at the generator terminals.
13. Draw equivalent circuits of synchronous machine under sub-transient, transient and
steady-state conditions.
14. A 3-φ short circuit occurs at the terminals of a synchronous motor. Explain with
justification whether the machine will continue to act as motor?
15. A three-phase alternator running unloaded with resistance and transient inductance per
phase R and L respectively is suddenly short circuited across all its terminals at t = 0. If

the alternator is considered as an emf √ 2 V sin (ωt+α ) per phase in series with R and
L, derive an expression for the short circuit current per phase. Hence explain the
following terms—symmetric short circuit current, dc offset current and doubling effect.
16. List out the methods for reducing short circuit current.
17. A 3-phase, 5 MVA, 6.6 kV alternator has a sub-transient reactance of 12.5 %. A 3-phase
short circuit occurs at its terminals. Determine fault MVA and fault current.
18. A 3-phasc, 6 MVA, 6.6 kV generator has a reactance of 0.1 p.u. It is connected through a
6 MVA, 6.6/33 kV, 0.09 p.u. reactance transformer to a transmission line having
aresistance of 0.09 ft and a reactance of 0.36 Ω per km. A 3-phase dead short circuit
occurs at a distance of 10 km from the transformer. The generator voltage at the time of
fault is 7.2 kV. Find the fault current in the generator.
19. Two 3-phase, 6.6 kV, 5 MVA generators having sub-transient reactances of 12.5 %
operate in parallel. The generators supply power to a transmission line through a 10 MVA
transformer of ratio 6.6/33 kV and having a leakage reactance of 4%. Calculate fault
current and fault MVA for 3-phase fault on:
(a) lt side (b) ht side of the transformer
20. The estimated short circuit MVA at the bus-bars of a generating station is 1,500 and of
another station 1,000. The generated voltage of each station is 13.2 kV. Calculate the
possible short circuit MVA at each station when they are linked by an interconnector
cable having a reactance of 0.5 Ω.
21. Two generating stations each having short-circuit capacities of 1,300 MVA and 900
MVA respectively are operating at 11 kV and are linked by an interconnected cable
having a reactance of 0.55 Ω /phase. Determine the short-circuit capacity of each station.
22. Fig. 5 shows a generating station feeding power to a 132 kV system. Determine the total
fault current, fault level and fault current supplied by each alternator for a 3-phase fault at
the receiving end bus. Consider the line is 200 km long.

Fig. 5
23. The four generators G1, G2, G3, and G4 are arranged in a ring bus bar as shown in Fig. 6.
To limit the short-circuit current the reactors are interposed in between them. Calculate
the short-circuit MVA if there is a fault al point F. All reactances are referred to 100
MVA and all generators are solidly earthed.

Fig. 6

24. A synchronous generator rated 625 kVA, 480 V, 0.1 per unit sub-transient reactance is
supplying a passive load of 500 kW at 0.8 lagging power factor. Calculate the initial
symmetrical rms current for a 3-phase fault at the generator terminals.
25. The plant capacity of a 3-phase power station consists of two 8 MVA generators, each of
14% reactance voltage and one 4 MVA generator of 10% reactance voltage. These are
connected to common bus-bars from which load is taken through a number of 3 MVA
step-up transformers, each having a reactance voltage of 4%. Determine the maximum
MVA which the circuit breakers on (i) low voltage side and (ii) the high voltage side,
may have to deal with.
26. A generating station has three section bus-bars connected with a tie-bar through 6%
reactors rated at 5,000 kVA. Each generator is of 5,000 kVA with 12% reactance and is
connected to one section of bus-bars. Find the total steady input to a dead short circuit
between the lines on one of the sections of bus-bar, (i) with and (ii) without reactors.
27. A 15 MVA, 6.9 kV generator, star-connected has positive, negative and zero sequence
reactances of 25%, 25% and 8% respectively. A reactor with 6% reactance based on the
rating of the generator is placed in line from neutral to ground. A line-to-line fault occurs
at the terminals of the generator when it is operating at rated voltage and disconnected
from supply. Find the initial symmetrical rms line and ground wire currents and line-to-
line neutral voltages (i) if the fault does not involve ground (ii) if the fault is solidly
grounded at the instant of its occurrence.
28. Two 3-phase, 25 MVA, 11 kV, 50 Hz alternators operate in parallel, as shown in Fig. 7.
The positive, negative and zero sequence reactances of each being respectively j0.20,
j0.15 and j0.10 p.u. The star point of one of the alternators is isolated and that of the other
is grounded through an inductor of 2.0 Ω. A single line-to-ground fault occurs at the
terminals of one of the alternators. Compute (i) the fault current (ii) currents in the
grounding inductor and (iii) voltage across grounding inductor.
 Fig. 7
29. A 50 MVA. 11 kV, 3-phase alternator was subjected to different types of faults. The fault
currents were 3-phase fault=1,870 A; Line-to-line fault=2,590 A; single line-to-ground
fault=4,130 A. The alternator is solidly grounded. Find pu values of three sequence
reactances of the alternator.
30. A 50 MVA, 13.2 kV star-connected alternator is connected to a transmission line as
shown below (Fig. 8): The positive, negative and zero sequence reactances of alternator
are 0.1, 0.1 and 0.05 p.u respectively. The transformer ratings are 50 MVA, 13.2 kV/120
kV with star point solidly grounded. The sequence reactance of transformer are X 1=X2=
X0=0.1 p.u.

Fig. 8
The transmission line sequence-reactances are X1 = 0.03, X2 = 0.03 and X0 = 0.09 p.u. A
single phase-to-ground fault-occurs at bus q. Compute fault current and express this
current as a percentage of full-load current of alternator.