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An Overhead Three

This document describes the process to determine the phase impedance matrix and sequence impedance of an overhead three-phase distribution line. The line consists of 336,400 26/7 ACSR phase conductors and a 4/0 6/1 ACSR neutral conductor. The distances between conductors are calculated using their positions in Cartesian coordinates. This distance matrix is used to calculate the self and mutual impedances, forming the primitive impedance matrix. Applying the Kron reduction yields the phase impedance matrix, which is then transformed into the sequence impedance matrix containing the zero, positive, and negative sequence impedances. While the positive and negative sequence impedances are equal, the non-zero off-diagonal terms indicate coupling between

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WILFRIDO DAVID MONTACHANA MONTACHANA
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76 views2 pages

An Overhead Three

This document describes the process to determine the phase impedance matrix and sequence impedance of an overhead three-phase distribution line. The line consists of 336,400 26/7 ACSR phase conductors and a 4/0 6/1 ACSR neutral conductor. The distances between conductors are calculated using their positions in Cartesian coordinates. This distance matrix is used to calculate the self and mutual impedances, forming the primitive impedance matrix. Applying the Kron reduction yields the phase impedance matrix, which is then transformed into the sequence impedance matrix containing the zero, positive, and negative sequence impedances. While the positive and negative sequence impedances are equal, the non-zero off-diagonal terms indicate coupling between

Uploaded by

WILFRIDO DAVID MONTACHANA MONTACHANA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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An overhead three-phase distribution line is constructed as shown in Figure 4.7.

Determine the
phase impedance matrix and the positive and zero sequence of the line. The phase conductors
are 336,400 26/7 ACSR (Linnet), and the neutral conductor is 4/0 6/1 ACSR.

An effective way of computing the distance between all conductors is to specify each position
on the pole in Cartesian coordinates using complex number notation. The ordinate will be
selected as a point on the ground directly below the left most position. For the line in Figure
4.7, the positions are

The distances between the positions can be computed as

For this example, phase a is in position 1, phase b in position 2, phase c in position 3, and the
neutral in position 4:

The diagonal terms of the distance matrix are the GMRs of the phase and neutral conductors:

Applying the modified Carson’s equation for self-impedance (Equation 4.41), the self-
impedance for phase a is

Applying Equation 4.42 for the mutual impedance between phases a and b,

Applying the equations for the other self- and mutual impedance terms results in the primitive
impedance matrix:

The primitive impedance matrix in partitioned form is

The “Kron” reduction of Equation 4.55 results in the “phase impedance matrix”:

The neutral transformation matrix given by Equation 4.52 is

The phase impedance matrix can be transformed into the “sequence impedance matrix” with
the application of Equation 4.66:

In the sequence impedance matrix, the 1,1 term is the zero sequence impedance, the 2,2 term
is the positive sequence impedance, and the 3,3 term is the negative sequence impedance.
The 2,2 and 3,3 terms are equal, which demonstrates that for line segments, the positive and
negative sequence impedances are equal. Note that the off-diagonal terms are not zero. This
implies that there is mutual coupling between sequences. This is a result of the
nonsymmetrical spacing between phases. With the off-diagonal terms being nonzero, the
three sequence networks representing the line will not be independent. However, it is noted
that the off-diagonal terms are small relative to the diagonal terms. In high-voltage
transmission lines, it is usually assumed that the lines are transposed and that the phase
currents represent a balanced threephase set. The transposition can be simulated in Example
4.1 by replacing the diagonal terms of the phase impedance matrix with the average value of
the diagonal terms (0.4619 + j1.0638) and replacing each off-diagonal term with the average of
the off-diagonal terms (0.1558 + j0.4368). This modified phase impedance matrix becomes

Using this modified phase impedance matrix in the symmetrical component transformation
equation results in the modified sequence impedance matrix:

Note now that the off-diagonal terms are all equal to zero, meaning that there is no mutual
coupling between sequence networks. It should also be noted that the modified zero, positive,
and negative sequence impedances are exactly equal to the exact sequence impedances that
were first computed. The results of this example should not be interpreted to mean that a
three-phase distribution line can be assumed to have been transposed. The original phase
impedance matrix must be used if the correct effect of the mutual coupling between phases is
to be modeled.

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