sMnYreRtomRblg S1

I. Epñk Commands ³
1> System environments commands :
 shutdown -h now : eRbIsrM ab; Shutdown ma:sIun Computer .

 shutdown -r now : eRbIsrM ab; Restart ma:sIun Computer .

 su - sovann : Switch eTAkan; User sovann .

2> User & Group commands :

 useradd -u $uid -d /tmp/test -c $comment -s /bin/bash $user .
 usermod -u $uid -g $gid -d $directory -c $comment -s $shell_login $user .
 userdel -r $user .
 usermod -L $user (Locked User) .
 usermod -p “” $user (Unlocked User) .
 chage -d 0 $user (set User expired ) .
 cat /etc/passwd | more (View user account) .
 usermod -g $gid $user (Add user to group account) .
 pwconv (User and Password encrypted) .
 pwunconv (User and Password decrypted) .
 groupadd -g $gid $gName (Add Group) .
 groupdel $gName (delete group) .
 cat /etc/group | more (View Group account) .
3> File Commands :
 touch sovann.txt (Create file name sovann.txt) .
 vi sovann.txt (Edit sovann.txt file) .
 cp .
source dest (Copy file from source file to dest file)
 mv source dest (Move file from source file to dest file) .

 mv old new (Rename file from old to new file name) .

 rm -i sovann.txt (delete file sovann.txt) .

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4> Directory commands :
 mkdir test (Create directory name test) .
 cp -r source dest (Copy folder from source to destination) .
 mv .
source dest (Move folder from source to destination)
 mv old new (Rename folder from old to new directory) .

 rm -fr test (delete directory name test) .

5> Directory Information :

 /: The root directory .
 /bin: Essential commands, it contains essential commands used by the system when running and booting Linux;
about 5MB for full install .
 /boot: Boot loader files, Linux kernel .
 /dev: Device files: IDE (/dev/hda, /dev/hdb), CDROM, SCSI ( /dev/scd0), serial port (/dev/ttys0—COM1,
/dev/ttys1—COM2), printer (/dev/lp0) .
 /etc: System configuration files .
 /home: User home directories .
 /initrd: Initial RAM disk boot support (used during boot time) .
 /lib: Shared libraries, kernel modules .
 /lost+found: Directory for recovered files (if found after a file system check) .
 /media: Mount point for removable media such as DVDs and floppy disks .
 /mnt: Usual mount point for local, remote file systems .
 /opt: Add-on software packages .
 /proc: Kernel information, process control .
 /root: Super-user (root home) .
 /sbin: System commands (mostly root only) .
 /selinux: Holds the data for SELinux, the security component of Fedora .
 /sys: Real-time information on devices used by the kernel .
 /tftpboot: Network boot support .
 /tmp: Temporary files .
 /usr: Secondary software file hierarchy .
 /var: Variable data (such as logs); spooled files .

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6> Note :
edIm,I mount flash rw External device eKeRbIR)as;viFIsaRsþdYcxageRkam ³
 begátI folder myflash .
 mount flash # mount /dev/sda1 /myflash .
 cUleTA flash #cd /myflash .
 Copy file EdlRtUvkarcUl flash )anehIy .
 cakecjBI Flash # unmount /myflash .
Permission group Cakarpþl;sT i §enAkñúgkar access file . Edl Permission group man 3 KW
 Owner Permision
 Group Permision
 Ohter Permision .

II. EpñksMnYr ³
1> rbs; Linux manlkçN³dUcxageRkam ³
Run level
 level 0: sMrab; shutdown .
 level 1: sMrab; single user and Maintenance .
 level 2: sMrab; multiple user, Network connection .
 level 3: sMrab; multiple user, network connection text mode and switch to GUI .
 level 4: sMrab; unused level .
 level 5: sMrab; GUI .
 level 6: sMrab; Root System .
 Command EdleRbIsMrab; Switch Level Kw ³ init levelName .
2> Boot loader : Ca File eRbIsrM ab;kMnt;eGay Computer eFVIkar Boot BI operating system NamYy
Edlman Master file RtUv)ankMNt; .
3> enAkñgú Linux eKEck user Ca 3 RbePT KW :
 Administrator: Ca super user eRbIsrM ab; Root user .
 day to day user: Ca Normal user EdlbegáIteday Root/ Administrator .
 system user: Ca Created user sMrab; system service nig Application .

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4> Disk quota Gacpþll; T§PaBeGay System GackMNt;eGay User eRbIR)as; disk space enAelI system )an . vaman ³
 block limitation: sMedAelI disk space EdlkMNt;eday Physical device .
 File limitation: sMedAelIcMnYn File rW directory EdlrkSaTukenAkñúg Quota partition .
 Quota GacdMeNIrkarelI User nig Group Edlman Step dUcxageRkam ³
 Edit file /etc/fstab edIm,IkMNt; Quta rule eTAeGay Partition NamYy EdleyIgcg;kMNt; .

 Create Quota file sMrab; Quota database .

 Create and Start a Quota script .

 Create Quota rule (for Block and File limitation) .

 Check quota (delete rule/ Updating/ Reporting) .

4> Installation :
 RPM manlkçN³dUcxageRkam :
 man application name .

 man Version sMrab; platform release number .

 man Revision sMrab; Revision number .

 man Architecture sMrab; RPM nimYy² .

 yum Ca Installer mYy EdlGaceGayeyIg Install package BI Server rW Repository (vaCa online storage
Edl Store ral; Package) enAelI Online storage .
5> Task Scheduler :
 Checking Package rW
# rpm -qa | grep cron rpm –ql crontabs .
 Checking Cron service # chkconfig --list crond
 Enable Cron service # /etc/init.d/crond start
 Edit Task Scheduler KW crontab -u eQµaH User -e : Edit
-l : List
-r : Remove .
 Syntax edition : *1 *2 *3 *4 *5 <command, Script>
 *1 : naTIkgñú 1 em:ag (0 60 Edl 0=6) Edl * dMenIrkarral;naTI .
 *2 : em:ag 1 éf¶ (0 24 Edl 0=24) Edl * dMenIrkarral;em:ag .
 *3 : éf¶kgñú 1 Ex (0 31 Edl 0=6) Edl * dMenIrkarral;éf¶ .
 *4 : Exkñgú 1 qñaM (0 12 ) Edl * dMenIrkarral;Ex .
 *5 : éf¶kgñú 1 GaTitü (0 7 Edl 0=6) Edl * dMenIrkarral;éf¶kgñu 1 GaTitü .

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6> Script testing:
 Test1:

#!/bin/bash
echo “Environment variable testing”
echo “OS type is $OSTYPE”

 Test2:

echo –n “Input first name:”

read fname
read –p “Input last name:” lname
read –p “address and phone:” addr phone
echo “Full name $fname $lname”
echo “Address: $addr”
echo “Phone: $phone”

 Test3:

if read –p “Input password:” –s –t 10 pass # -s stand for silent

then
echo –e “\nypur password is $pass”
else
echo –e “\nyou are too late”
fi

 Test4:

read –p “input n:” n

for ((i=0;i<$n;i++))
do
read –p “value $i=” num[$i]
done
echo ${num[*]}

 Test5:

read –p “input a:” a

read –p “input b:” b
if test $a –gt $b # or if [ $a –gt $b ]
then
echo “Max: $a”
else
echo “Max: $b”
fi

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 Test6:

read –p “Input file1:” f1

read –p “Input file2:” f2
if test $f1 –nt $f2
then
echo “$f1 is newer than $f2”
else
echo “$f1 is older than $f2”
fi

 Test7:

read –p “input day:” day

case $day in
0 | 7 ) echo “Sunday” ;;
1 ) echo “Monday” ;;
2 ) echo “Tuesday” ;;
3 ) echo “Wednesday” ;;
4 ) echo “Thursday” ;;
5 ) echo “Friday” ;;
6 ) echo “Saturday” ;;
* ) echo “Invalid parameter” ;;
esac

 Test8:

function sum{ or sum(){

s=$[ $a + $b ] // or let s= a + b s=$[ $a + $b ]
return $s return $s
} }
read –p “input a:” a
read –p “input b:” b
sum
echo “sum: $?”

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 Installation.sh :

#!/bin/bash
Echo “Demonstration Installation”
rpm -i -force packageName # No processing bar
rpm -ih packageName # Have processing bar
# rpm –i : Installation
# rpm –u : Update
# rpm –e : Uninstallation
# rpm –q : Query all installation
# rpm –v : verify package

 GroupAdd.sh :

#!/bin/bash
echo “Create Group Series :”
echo -p “Group name :” g
echo -p “Start from :” s
echo -p “To :” t
for i in `seq $s $t`;
do
groupadd $g$i && echo “$g$i has been created”
done

 UserAdd.sh :
#!/bin/bash
echo “Create series user for Group :”
echo -p “Group name :” g
echo -p “User name :” u
echo -p “Start from :” s
echo -p “To :” t
for i in `seq $s $t`;
do
useradd -g $g $u$i && echo “$u$i has been created”
read -p “password :” p
echo $p | passwd --stdin $u$i
done

 DeleteUser.sh :

#!/bin/bash
echo “Delete User Account :”
read -p “User name :” u
x=0
for i in `cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd`;
do
if Test %u==$i; then
userdel -r $u && echo $u has been delete
x=1
break
fi
done
if Test $x -eq 0; then
echo $u not found
fi

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  CountUserInGroup.sh :

#!/bin/bash
Echo “Count User in group :”
read -p “Group id” g
for i in $ (cut –d: -f4 /etc/passwd);
do
if Test $i –eq $g; then
let count=count +1
fi
done
echo There are $count Users in Group id $g

III. Network Connectivity ³

1. Check network configuration ³ # /sbin/ifconfig

2. ping network connectivity ³ # /bin/ping -c 3 localhost

3. Network Protocol ³ mandUcCa ³

 Internet Protocol (IP) .
 Transport Control Protocol (TCP) .
 and Universal Datagram Protocol (UDP) .
4. IP address for class mandUcCa ³
 Class A : 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 .
 Class B : 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 .
 Class C : 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 .
5. Port Service mandUcCa ³
 ftp 21/tcp .
 http 80/tcp www www-http # WorldWideWeb HTTP
 pop3 110/tcp pop-3 # POP version 3

 /etc/ssh/sshd_config. #Port 22

 an unused port number man Port 2224 .

 ssh -p 2224 remote_host_name_or_IP (Remote access Port to server) .
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IV. Notaion Backup and Restore Command
# tar –cf cf home.tar home.tar /home /home
# tar –czf czf home.tar.gz home.tar.gz /home /home
# tar –tzf tzf home.tar.gz home.tar.gz
# tar –tf tf home.tarome.tar
# tar –xzvf xzvf home.tar.gz home.tar.gz
# tar –czvf czvf /dev/ /dev/hdc hdc /
# tar –xzf xzf /dev/ /dev/hdc

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