Set No.

1
Code No: R41044 R10
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular/Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec - 2014
RADAR SYSTEMS
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)

Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75

Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
*****
1 a) Define maximum unambiguous range of radar and derive the expression for
radar equation. [8]

ES
b) What should be the pulse repetition frequency of a radar in order to achieve a
maximum unambiguous range of 60 nmi and if the radar has a peak power of 800
kW, what is its average power with a pulse width of 1.5 µs. [7]

AT
2 a) Explain the significance of integration of radar pulses and derive the expression
for integration efficiency. [8]
b) A radar operates at a frequency of 1.35 GHz has an antenna of width 32 feet, a
PD
maximum unambiguous range of 220 nmi, and an antenna scan time of 10s.
What is the number of echo pulses per scan received by the radar from a point
target? [7]
U
3 a) Explain the principle of operation of CW radar with the help of a neat diagram. [8]
b) Describe the principle of multiple frequency CW radar with necessary equations.
T

[7]
S

4 a) Explain the advantages of using staggered pulse repetition frequencies in the

design of MTI Doppler filters. [7]
FA

b) Draw the block diagram of MTI radar using range gates and filters and explain
its operation. [8]

5 a) Explain the principle of sequential lobing tracking radar with the help of neat
TU

diagrams. [8]
b) Describe the comparison of various tracking radars. [7]
JN

6 a) Explain the principle of phased array antenna with the help of a neat diagram. [8]
b) Describe the various types of radiators used for phased arrays. [7]

7 a) Explain the frequency response characteristics of a matched filter receiver with

necessary equations. [8]
b) Draw the block diagram of a cross correlation receiver of radar and explain. [7]

8 a) What is the function of a duplexer in radar? Explain the operation of balanced

duplexer with a neat diagram. [8]
b) Explain how the circulator can be used as a duplexer in radar system. [7]

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 Set No. 2
Code No: R41044 R10
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular/Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec - 2014
RADAR SYSTEMS
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)

Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75

Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
*****

ES
1 a) Explain the basic principle of operation of radar with a neat block diagram. [8]
b) Explain the various applications of radar. [7]

AT
2 a) What are the various methods for representing the fluctuations of radar targets?
Explain any one in detail. [8]
b) What are the various system losses in a radar system? Explain in detail. [7]
PD
3 a) Explain the operation of CW Doppler radar with non-zero IF receiver with a
neat diagram. [8]
b) Describe the bandwidth requirements and applications of CW radar. [7]
U
4 a) Draw the block diagram of MTI radar with power oscillator transmitter and
explain its operation. [8]
T

b) Describe the parameters and limitations of MTI radar. [7]

S

5 a) Explain the principle of amplitude comparison monopulse tracking radar with

FA

the help of a neat block diagram. [8]

b) Compare the amplitude comparison and phase comparison monopulse tracking
radar. [7]
TU

6 a) Describe the principle of cosecant-squared antenna pattern with the help of a

neat sketch. [8]
b) Write short notes on Radomes. [7]
JN

7 What are various detection criteria used to detect weak signals at a radar
receiver in the presence of noise? Explain in detail. [15]

8 a) Explain the principle of phased array antenna and derive the expression for
radiation pattern. [8]
b) Describe the applications, advantages and limitations of phased arrays. [7]

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 Set No. 3
Code No: R41044 R10
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular/Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec - 2014
RADAR SYSTEMS
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)

Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75

Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
*****

ES
1 a) Describe the various radar frequencies and list out the applications of radar. [8]
b) Derive the expression for simple form of radar range equation. [7]

2 a) Define the radar cross section of targets and explain its significance for various

AT
types of targets. [8]
b) What is the maximum radar cross section in square meters of an automobile
license plate that is 12 inches wide by 6 inches high, at a frequency of 10.525
GHz.
PD [7]

3 a) Draw the block diagram of FM-CW radar using sideband super heterodyne
U
receiver and explain its operation. [8]
b) Describe the measurement of range and Doppler shift in FM CW radar. [7]
T

4 a) Explain the principle of double delay-line canceller with necessary equations

and waveforms. [8]
S

b) Determine the highest frequency that a radar can be operated if it is required to

FA

have a maximum unambiguous range of 200 nmi and no blind speeds less than
600 kt. [7]

5 a) With the help of a neat block diagram, explain the principle of conical-scan
TU

tracking radar. [8]

b) Explain the various target reflection characteristics that can limit the accuracy
of tracking radar. [7]
JN

6 a) What are the various types of phase shifters used in phased arrays? Explain
anyone with a neat sketch. [8]
b) Describe the principle of lens antenna. [7]

7 a) Describe the characteristics of an envelope detector of a radar receiver with the

help of necessary equations. [8]
b) Explain the principle of coherent detector with a neat diagram. [7]

8 a) Explain the various types of displays used in radar. [8]

b) Explain the series and parallel feed arrangements for phased array antennas. [7]

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 Set No. 4
Code No: R41044 R10
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular/Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec - 2014
RADAR SYSTEMS
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)

Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75

Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks

ES
*****
1 a) Explain the operation of radar with the help of a neat block diagram. [8]
b) Determine the peak power and duty cycle of a radar whose average transmitter

AT
power is 200 W, pulse width of 1µs and pulse repetition frequency of 1000 Hz. [7]

2 a) Derive the expression for radar range equation in terms of noise figure. [8]
PD
b) Describe the various system losses in a radar system. [7]

3 a) Explain the principle of FM-CW altimeter with the help of a neat block diagram. [8]
U
b) Explain how isolation is provided between transmitter and receiver of CW radar. [7]
T

4 a) Explain the principle of MTI radar that uses a power amplifier as the transmitter
S

with a neat block diagram. [8]

b) Differentiate MTI and pulse Doppler radar. [7]
FA

5 a) Explain the principle of phase comparison monopulse tracking radar and list out
its applications. [8]
b) Describe the various scanning patterns that can be employed in tracking radars. [7]
TU

6 a) Explain the principle of Cassegrain antenna with the help of a neat sketch. [8]
b) Describe the various types of feeds used for parabolic reflector antennas. [7]
JN

7 a) Draw the block diagram of a binary moving window detector in a radar receiver
and explain its principle of operation. [8]
b) Explain the operation of tapped delay-line integrator with a neat sketch. [7]

8 a) Derive the overall noise figure of a radar receiver with noise figure Fr that is
preceded by an RF device with a loss LRF. [8]
b) What is the overall noise figure of a transmission line and duplexer, which have a
loss of 1.2 dB, connected to a receiver whose noise figure is 2.3 dB. [7]

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