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Designation: A105/A105M − 14 Endorsed by
Manufacturers Standardization Society
of the Valve and Fittings Industry
Used in USDOE-NE Standards

Standard Specification for

Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Applications1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A105/A105M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Scope* NOTE 1—The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) has
2 been substituted in this standard for such traditional terms as “nominal
1.1 This specification covers forged carbon steel piping diameter,” “size,” and “nominal size.”
components for ambient- and higher-temperature service in
pressure systems. Included are flanges, fittings, valves, and 2. Referenced Documents
similar parts ordered either to dimensions specified by the 2.1 In addition to those reference documents listed in
purchaser or to dimensional standards such as the MSS, Specification A961/A961M, the following list of standards
ASME, and API specifications referenced in Section 2. Forg- apply to this specification:
ings made to this specification are limited to a maximum
weight of 10 000 lb [4540 kg]. Larger forgings may be ordered 2.2 ASTM Standards:3
to Specification A266/A266M. Tubesheets and hollow cylin- A266/A266M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for
drical forgings for pressure vessel shells are not included Pressure Vessel Components
within the scope of this specification. Although this specifica- A675/A675M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-
tion covers some piping components machined from rolled bar Wrought, Special Quality, Mechanical Properties
and seamless tubular products (see 5.2), it does not cover raw A696 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought or
material produced in these product forms. Cold-Finished, Special Quality, for Pressure Piping Com-
ponents
1.2 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply quirements
only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order. A961/A961M Specification for Common Requirements for
1.3 Specification A266/A266M covers other steel forgings Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for
and Specifications A675/A675M and A696 cover other steel Piping Applications
bars. 2.3 MSS Standards:
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units SP 44 Standard for Steel Pipe Line Flanges4
and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable 2.4 ASME Standards:
“M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be B16.5 Dimensional Standards for Steel Pipe Flanges and
furnished to inch-pound units. The values stated in either SI Flanged Fittings5
units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as B16.9 Wrought Steel Buttwelding Fittings5
standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. B16.10 Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Fer-
The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; rous Valves5
therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. B16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Weld, and Threaded5
Combining values from the two systems may result in non- B16.34 Valves-Flanged, Threaded and Welding End5
conformance with the standard.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
A01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting the ASTM website.
4
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications. Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published October 2014. Originally Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http://www.mss-
approved in 1926. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as A105/A105M–13. hq.com.
5
DOI: 10.1520/A0105_A0105M-14. Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
cation SA-105 in Section II of that Code. www.asme.org.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

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A105/A105M − 14
B16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges5 6.2.1 Quenching shall consist of either (1) fully austenitiz-
2.5 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:5 ing the forgings followed by quenching in a suitable liquid
Section IX medium or (2) using a multiple stage procedure whereby the
2.6 API Standards: forgings are first fully austenitized and rapidly cooled, then
API-600 Flanged and Butt-Welding-End Steel Gate Valves6 reheated to partially reaustenitize, followed by quenching in a
API-602 Compact Design Carbon Steel Gate Valves for suitable liquid medium. All quenched forgings shall be tem-
Refinery Use6 pered as prescribed in Specification A961/A961M.
3. Terminology 7. Chemical Composition
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of other terms used in this 7.1 The steel shall conform to the chemical requirements
specification, refer to Specification A961/A961M. specified in Table 1.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 7.2 Steels to which lead has been added shall not be used.
3.2.1 heaviest cross-section, n—maximum heat treated
thickness of the production forging. 8. Mechanical Properties
4. Ordering Information 8.1 The material shall conform to the mechanical property
requirements prescribed in Table 2 and Table 3.
4.1 See Specification A961/A961M.
4.1.1 Additional requirements (see 14.2). 8.2 For normalized, normalized and tempered, or quenched
and tempered forgings, the central axis of the test specimen
5. General Requirements shall be taken at least 1⁄4 T from the nearest surface as-heat-
5.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform to treated, where T is the maximum heat-treated thickness of the
the requirements of Specification A961/A961M, including any represented forging. In addition, for quenched and tempered
supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase forgings, the midlength of the test specimen shall be at least T
order. Failure to comply with the requirements of Specification from all other surfaces as-heat-treated, exclusive of the T
A961/A961M constitutes nonconformance with this specifica- dimension surfaces. When section thickness does not permit
tion. In case of a conflict between the requirements of this this positioning, the test specimen shall be positioned as near as
specification and Specification A961/A961M, this specification possible to the prescribed location.
shall prevail. 8.3 Tension Tests:
5.2 Except as permitted by Section 6 in Specification 8.3.1 One tension test shall be made for each heat of
A961/A961M, the finished product shall be a forging as as-forged components.
defined in the Terminology Section of Specification A788/ 8.3.2 One tension test shall be made from each heat-treating
A788M. charge. If more than one heat is included in such a charge, each
heat shall be tested.
6. Heat Treatment 8.3.2.1 When forgings of different shapes are included in the
6.1 Heat treatment is not a mandatory requirement of this same heat-treating charge, the test specimen shall be obtained
specification except for the following piping components: from the heaviest cross-section of the thickest forging, except
6.1.1 Flanges above Class 300,7 for hubbed flanges (see 8.3.3). The test specimen shall repre-
6.1.2 Flanges of special design where the design pressure at sent all forgings from the same heat and heat-treating charge
the design temperature exceeds the pressure-temperature rat- whose maximum thicknesses do not exceed the thickness of the
ings of Class 300, Group 1.1, test forging.
6.1.3 Flanges of special design where the design pressure or
design temperature are not known,
6.1.4 Piping components other than flanges which meet TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
both of the following criteria: (1) over NPS 4 and (2) above NOTE 1—For each reduction of 0.01 % below the specified carbon
Class 300, and maximum (0.35 %), an increase of 0.06 % manganese above the specified
6.1.5 Piping components of Special Class8 other than maximum (1.05 %) will be permitted up to a maximum of 1.65 %.
flanges which meet both of the following criteria: (1) over NPS Element Composition, %
4 and (2) when the working pressure at the operating tempera- Carbon 0.35 max
ture exceeds the tabulated values for Special Class 300, Group Manganese 0.60–1.05
Phosphorus 0.035 max
1.1. Sulfur 0.040 max
Silicon 0.10–0.35
6.2 Heat treatment, when required by 6.1 shall be annealing, Copper 0.40 maxA
normalizing, or normalizing and tempering or quenching and Nickel 0.40 maxA
tempering in accordance with Specification A961/A961M. Chromium 0.30 maxA,B
Molybdenum 0.12 maxA,B
Vanadium 0.08 max
6
Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, A
The sum of copper, nickel, chromium, molybdenum and vanadium shall not
Washington, DC 20005-4070, http://www.api.org. exceed 1.00 %.
7 B
For definition of Class 300, see ASME B16.5. The sum of chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed 0.32 %.
8
For definition of special class, see ASME B16.34.

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TABLE 2 Mechanical RequirementsA the dimension of maximum working, and produced in equip-
Tensile strength, min, ksi [MPa] 70 [485] ment unsuitable for the production of a separately forged test
Yield strength, min, ksi [MPa]B 36 [250]
Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, %:
bar such as an automatic or semi-automatic press, may be
Basic minimum elongation for walls 5⁄16 in. [7.9 mm] 30 accepted on the basis of hardness only. One percent of the
and over in thickness, strip tests. forgings per lot, where a lot is the product from a heat, or, if
When standard round 2-in. or 50-mm gauge length or 22
smaller proportionally sized specimen with the gauge
heat treated, the product of a heat per furnace charge, or ten
length equal to 4D is used forgings, whichever is the lesser number, shall be selected at
For strip tests, a deduction for each 1⁄32 -in. [0.8-mm] 1.50C random, prepared, and tested using the standard Brinell test.
decrease in wall thickness below 5⁄16 in. [7.9 mm]
from the basic minimum elongation The locations of the indentations shall be at the option of the
of the percentage points of Table 3 manufacturer but shall be selected to be representative of the
Reduction of area, min, %D 30 forging as a whole. One indentation per forging shall be
Hardness, HBW, max 187
A
required but additional indentations may be made to establish
For small forgings, see 8.3.4.
B
Determined by either the 0.2 % offset method or the 0.5 % extension-under-load
the representative hardness. The hardness of all forgings so
method. tested shall be 137 to 187 HBW inclusive.
C
See Table 3 for computed minimum values.
D
For round specimens only. 8.4 Hardness Tests:
8.4.1 Two hardness tests shall be made for each heat of
as-forged components. When more than one forging is pro-
TABLE 3 Computed Minimum Values duced from each heat, a minimum of two forgings shall be
Wall Thickness Elongation in 2 in. or 50 tested with one reading from each forging. When only one
in. mm mm, min, % forging is produced, it shall be tested in two locations.
⁄
5 16 (0.312) 7.9 30.00 8.4.2 Except when only one forging is produced, a mini-
⁄
9 32 (0.281) 7.1 28.50 mum of two forgings shall be hardness tested per batch or
⁄ (0.250)
14 6.4 27.00
7⁄32 (0.219) 5.6 25.50 continuous run as defined in 8.3.2.2 to ensure that forgings are
3⁄16 (0.188) 4.8 24.00 within the hardness limits given in Table 2. When only one
5⁄32 (0.156) 4.0 22.50
1⁄8 (0.125)
forging is produced, it shall be hardness tested in two locations
3.2 21.00
3⁄32 (0.094) 2.4 19.50 to ensure it is within the hardness limits given in Table 2.
1⁄16 (0.062) 1.6 18.00 8.4.3 Testing shall be as specified in Specification A961/
A961M. The purchaser may verify that the requirement has
Note—The above table gives the computed minimum elongation values for
each 1⁄32-in. [0.8-mm] decrease in wall thickness. Where the wall thickness lies been met by testing at any location on the forging, provided
between two values shown above, the minimum elongation value is determined by such testing does not render the forging useless.
the following equation:

E 5 48T115.00 9. Hydrostatic Tests

where: 9.1 Such tests shall be conducted by the forging manufac-
E = elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, %, and turer only when Supplementary Requirement S57 in Specifi-
T = actual thickness of specimen, in. [mm]. cation A961/A961M is specified.

10. Retreatment

8.3.2.2 When the heat-treating temperatures are the same 10.1 If the results of the mechanical tests do not conform to
and the furnaces (either batch or continuous type), are con- the requirement specified, the manufacturer may heat treat or
trolled within 625 °F [614 °C] and equipped with recording reheat treat the forgings as applicable and repeat the test
pyrometers so that complete records of heat treatment are specified in Section 8.
available, then one tension test from each heat is required
instead of one test from each heat in each heat-treatment 11. Surface Finish, Appearance, and Corrosion
charge. The test specimen material shall be included with a Protection
furnace charge. 11.1 The requirements of Specification A961/A961M apply
8.3.3 Testing shall be performed as specified in Specifica- to forgings and finished parts.
tion A961/A961M. The largest feasible round specimen shall
be used except when hollow cylindrically shaped parts are 12. Repair by Welding
machined from seamless tubulars. When hollow cylindrically
shaped parts are machined from seamless tubular materials, 12.1 Repair of defects by the manufacturer is permissible
strip tests may be used. The tension test specimen shall be for forgings made to dimensional standards such as those of
obtained from a production forging, or from an integral ASME or for other parts made for stock by the manufacturer.
prolongation representative of the hub location of a flange, or Prior approval of the purchaser is required to repair-weld
the heaviest cross section of a fitting, valve, or other part within special forgings made to the purchaser’s requirements.
the scope of this specification. 12.2 Weld repairs shall be made by a process that does not
8.3.4 Forgings too small to permit obtaining a subsize produce undesirably high levels of hydrogen in the welded
specimen of 0.250 in. [6.35 mm] diameter or larger parallel to areas.

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A105/A105M − 14
12.3 All forgings repaired by welding shall be post-weld 14.2.4 Hardness results, Section 8 (Table 2), a minimum of
heat treated between 1100 °F [593 °C] and the lower transfor- two readings, and
mation temperature for a minimum of 1⁄2 h ⁄in. [1⁄2 h/25.4 mm] 14.2.5 Any supplementary testing required by the purchase
of maximum section thickness, or alternatively annealed, order.
normalized and tempered, or quenched and tempered. If the
forging was not previously heat treated, the original tempering 15. Product Marking
temperature was exceeded, or the forging was fully heat treated 15.1 In addition to marking requirements of Specification
in the post weld cycle, then the forging shall be tested in A961/A961M, the following additional marking requirements
accordance with Section 8 on completion of the cycle. shall apply:
12.4 The mechanical properties of the procedure- 15.1.1 If the forgings have been quenched and tempered, the
qualification weldment shall, when tested in accordance with letters “QT” shall be stamped on the forgings following this
Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, specification number.
conform with the requirements listed in Table 2 for the thermal 15.1.2 Forgings repaired by welding shall be marked with
condition of repair-welded forgings. the letter “W” following this specification number.
13. Rejection and Rehearing 15.1.3 Plugs and bushings furnished to ASME B16.11
requirements are not required to be marked. Other parts
13.1 Each forging that develops injurious defects during ordered with no marking are by agreement between the
shop working or application shall be rejected and the manu- purchaser and manufacturer.
facturer notified. 15.1.4 When agreed upon between the purchaser and manu-
14. Certification facturer and specified in the order, the markings shall be
painted or stenciled on the fitting or stamped on a metal or
14.1 Identification Marking—For forgings made to specified
plastic tag which shall be securely attached to the fitting.
dimensions, when agreed upon by the purchaser, and for
forgings made to dimensional standards, application of identi- 15.2 Bar Coding—In addition to the requirements in
fication marks as required in Specification A961/A961M shall Specification A961/A961M, bar coding is acceptable as a
be the certification that the forgings have been furnished in supplemental identification method. The purchaser may
accordance with the requirements of this specification. specify in the order a specific bar coding system to be used.
14.2 Test Reports—The manufacturer shall also provide the The bar coding system, if applied at the discretion of the
following, where applicable: supplier, should be consistent with one of the published
14.2.1 Type heat treatment, Section 6, industry standards for bar coding. If used on small parts, the
14.2.2 Tensile property results, Section 8 (Table 2), report bar code may be applied to the box or a substantially applied
the yield strength and tensile strength, in ksi [MPa], elongation tag.
and reduction in area, in percent; and, if longitudinal strip
tension specimens are used, report the width of the gauge 16. Keywords
length, 16.1 pipe fittings, steel; piping applications; pressure con-
14.2.3 Chemical analysis results, Section 7 (Table 1), re- taining parts; steel flanges; steel forgings, carbon; steel valves;
ported results shall be to the same number of significant figures temperature service applications, elevated; temperature service
as the limits specified in Table 1 for that element. applications, high

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

The following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in the
inquiry, contract, and order.

S1. Hardness S2.2 When forgings not requiring heat treatment by 6.1 are
supplied heat treated by purchaser request, the basis for
S1.1 The purchaser may check the hardness of any or all
determining conformance with Table 2 and Table 3 shall be
forgings supplied at any location on the forging and the
hardness testing per 8.4 and either (1) tensile testing of heat
hardness shall be 137 to 187 HBW. All forgings not within the
treated forgings per 8.2, or (2) tensile tests from as-forged
specified hardness range shall be rejected.
forgings or separately forged test blanks, as agreed upon
between the supplier and purchaser.
S2. Heat Treatment
S2.3 When test reports are required, and tensile test results
S2.1 All forgings shall be heat treated as specified by the were obtained from as-forged forgings or as-forged test blanks,
purchaser. it shall be so indicated on the test report.

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A105/A105M − 14
S2.4 In addition to the marking required by Section 15, this S4. Carbon Equivalent
specification shall be followed by the letter: A for annealed, N
S4.1 The maximum carbon equivalent, based on heat
for normalized, NT for normalized and tempered, or QT for
quenched and tempered, as appropriate. analysis, shall be 0.47 for forgings with a maximum section
thickness of 2 in. or less, and 0.48 for forgings with a
S3. Marking Small Forgings maximum section thickness of greater than 2 in.
S3.1 For small products where the space for marking is less S4.2 Determine the carbon equivalent (CE) as follows:
than 1 in. [25 mm] in any direction, test reports are mandatory CE 5 C1Mn/61 ~ Cr1Mo1V ! /51 ~ Ni1Cu! /15
and marking may be restricted to only such symbols or codes
as are necessary to identify the parts with test reports. S4.3 A lower maximum carbon equivalent may be agreed
S3.2 When the configuration or size does not permit mark- upon between the supplier and the purchaser.
ing directly on the forging, the marking method shall be a
matter of agreement between the manufacturer and the pur-
chaser.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A105/A105M–13, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved October 1, 2014)

(1) Added Section 11 on Appearance, Surface Protection, and

Corrosion Protection.

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A105/A105M–12, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved October 1, 2013)

(1) Revised 8.2 to clarify test specimen location. (3) Revised Sections 14 and 15 on certification and marking.
(2) Revised 8.3.2 to address testing requirements for different
size forgings in the same heat-treatment charge, to add clari-
fication concerning the location for removal of test specimens,
and moves mandatory Note 2 into the text.

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