Part-5: Electrical Machine Rony Parve)’s EEE Job Solution (V-1) Chapter- 5.2: D.C. Generator Therajn Reference Books: 1A Tentbook of Electrical Technology (Vol 1) by B.L. Thera SENSE POR Maem eh ceruemolecsi (oaks 7 — - {7 Exam] ~ Question | A shunt generator delivers 450 A at 230 V and the resistance of the shunt adler Braet te | | armature are SOQ and 0.3 respectively. Calculate the generated e.m.f. /Example-26.3, -16, Theraja) Example-26.3, I Theraja | 4 +pole, Tong-shunt lap-wound generator supplies 25 RW at a terminal voltage of 500 V. | DNCC-16, | The armature resistance is 0,03 ohm, series feld resistance is 0.04 ohm and shunt field | Example 26.15, resistance is 200 ohm. The brush drop may be taken as 1.0 V. Determine the e.m.f. | Theraja | Eenetated, Calculate also the No. of conductors ifthe speed is 1200 “pm. and flux per pole is 0.02 weber. Neglect armature reaction, (Example 26.15, Theraja, [A long-shunt compound-vound generator gives 240 volts at Full Load output of 100A. | APSCL-16, | The resistances of various windings of the machine are: armature (including brush | Frample-26.28, contact) 0.19, series field 0.02 , interpole field 0.025 2, shunt field (including | 7heraja | Tegulating resistance) 100 ©. The iron loss at Full Load is 1000 W; windage and friction _ losses total 500 W. Calculate Full Load efficiency of the machine. (Example-26.28, | Theraiay 4 | The hysteresis and eddy current losses ina d.c. machine running at 1000 rpm. are 250 W | BUET MSc> and 100 W respectively. If the flux remains constant, at what speed will be total iron | 18, 17, losses be halved ? Example 26.30, Theraja] Example 26.30, | Theraja 5 | Determine per pole number of (i) eross-magnetizing number of tums (ii) demagnetizing | APSCL-16, | | ampere-tums in the case of a de generator having the following data: 500 conductors, Example-27.6, | 7004 total current, 6 poles, 2 circuit wave winding angle of lead 10°, leakage co-efficient | 7hcr fa 1.3. (Example 27.6, Theraja) 6 | Draw typical open circuit characteristic (OCC) curves of a Di ry IC shunt generator at twor DESCO-16 different rpm setting (Ni and No, Ni>N3). From the O.C.C. curve below calculate critical resistance Re & the field resistance Ra | DWASACTd Tr B ° 05 ————_ Field Current aa S54 Scanned with CamScannerRony Parvel’s 8 EEE Job Solution (V-1) SEAT SHEETS dhakaplaza com ited generator, when running at 1000 Pant-5: Electrical Machine rately €xe ae "Dm supplied 200A at 135) Ape te load current w a we ie ae : - 'pm if field current is chapel wen, Armature Resistance = and total brush drop = im Gen Theraja} P= 2V. [similar to Example. BAPEX-16, [similar to Example- 26.19 € 29.2, 5 -XTORW de. shunt generator has the Following Tosses a Rll Toad Bee | Mechanical loss. 99 TorbeLts | Iron loss 20 ; | Shunt Cu loss 120w | | Armature Cu loss: 595 w | corculate the efficiency at (i) no load (ii) 25% of full load FF A 220V shunt connected de machine has an armature resitange of OS7Vand chow field | EGCB-17, rsisance of 1100. Ifthe full load line curent is 208, Find the induced emt when the | GTCL-16, machine works as generator and motor. BIFPCLAIS “577 a de generator having 4 poles , has a shunt eld resislana Tafa, 002 wo flux per pole and 387 lap vosna’s Gite oan ros toning |e | resistor, Determine load power. Tp Cana gonerator rated 400'V, 60 Hz be used in a 50 He System Ves or NOP WH? ‘MCQ 15 [la Open Circuit Test, The open circuit voltage ofa dc generator is plowed against the | | G@amature current (6) Field current (©) both 14 | What could cause voltage build-up occur in a shunt de generator during starting to fall. | MCQDPDG (a) Lack of residual flux in the field core. 4 (b) Wrong connection of the field coil. (c) Field resistance is higher than critical resistance | (d) All of the above. Theory (1S | fefen eaeea fe commcabeaa aero at fra | BPDB-96 16_ | fete cemresiocas OrAora faa APACS SITIO FA | PDB-96 17_| Characteristics of DC Generator (Only curves) Suggestion 18 | Critical Resistance & Critical Speed (Definition) [Suggestion | Scanned with CamScannerCC gear enfSarAs dhakaplaza.com EEE Job Solution Rony Parvel Self Excited | 1 ‘Short Shunt Series Wound Generator nat | Ee=Vit In Rat TAR og = Vit In Ra Ta Rec + Total Brush Drop Bsn | I= I+ hy | Be= Vit Ig Ra= ley Rav Ta Ra + Total Brush Drop 5~56 Scanned with CamScannerRony Parvej's EEE Job Solution (V-1) N2=95rps. orNy= SLIT rps. ~ 51.17 rps. is not acceptable as Speed of generator can not be negativ ve. * N= 95 eps. =95 « 6Orpm.=570 rpm, a 5-60 Scanned with CamScannerRony Parve)'s EEE Job Solution (V-1) auf Sif HPAE dhakaplaza.com : Electrical Machine | Determine per pole number of (iy cross-magnetizing number of tums (ii) demagnetizing | APSCL-16, ampere-turs (it) series turn req Wired fo balance the demagnetizing ampere-turs in the case | Example- ; of ade generator having the following data: $00 conductere 200A toc current, 6 poles, 2 27.6, Theraja See WS ARIE Nihon 10>, lenkgn co-eftnieat= 1, [Example 27.6, Theraja} Given, No. of Conductor, 2 Total current, I AS it is w: = 500 200 Ampere “Wounded generator, Number of parallel paths in the conductor, A=2 * Current / path, t= 14/4 = 209/9 = 100 Ampere No. of poles, P= 6 Angle of lead, @m = 19° Leakage co-efficient, i= 1,3 () _Cross-magnetizing numberof tums per pole, 1 _ 8, 1 _10 T,/ pole = 7 77% AT./ pole = Zr Py } 500% 100( 2778 Ans. Gi) Demagnetizing ampere-tums per pole, 8, AT,/pole= zr (3 = 500 x 100 x 10/360 = 1390 Ans, (iii) No. of extra series turn required per pole to balance the demagnetizing ampere-tumns, ATy _ 1 55,1390 _ Thx TAa13x Go =9 Ans, Draw typical open circuit characteristic (OCC) curves of a DC shunt generator at two different | DESCO-16 rpm setting (N: and No, Ni>N2) Solution Generated Voltage F, > —= Field Current 1p = aie crt Mee Re e78 205 A EE 1) OTE EN ROE TOT! a a (Ni) Re coparcaS COTE ST CAPT REA gee NE FH (N2) RA CPUS COT FH 21 ior "amet condeey Wrath com aN. 49 FICE ENA ACME | 5-61 Scanned with CamScannerPart-5: Electrical \, hakaplaza.com, Lachine apa SSE Parve} Job Solution ( cE the field resistance Rx o sical resistance Ri From the OCC. curve below cleft eis resisan ° a5 35 Field Curent_|§ ——————" Solution: Line OT is tangent tothe inital pat of the O.C.C. It represents Critical Resistance, R.. As seen from point C, Critical Resistance, Rc = 100/05 = 200 2 Ans. Line OB represents shunt resistance for getting 165 V on open-circuit + Shunt Resistance, Ru, = 165 /3.75 = 44.0 Ans, 8 | A separately excited generator, when running at 1000 rpm supplied 200A at 125V. What will | BAPEX16, be the load current when the speed drops to 800 rpm if field current is unchanged? Given, | /sinlarto Armature Resistance = 0.04 ohm and total brush drop = 2V. (similar to Example- 26.19 & | Example- 2619 | | 29.2, Theraja} & 292, Thera | Soluti Load Resistance, Ri = Vi/ Ie = Vi/ Ia = 125/200 = 0,625 © Generated Voltage, Ey Vet IaRa + total brush drop = 125 + (200 « 0.04) +2 = 135 v, 00a ; ‘Ll Now, if flux (field current) is unchenged, =22 V2 - = a Fn My F | AtNz = 800 np.m., Ep = (Nz * Eys)/N, =(800 « 135) 1000 = 108 v 1 Loos the new current then, Vi Ey - lay Ry total brush drop = Le R, S Pe rW004-2= lax 2s gars = Ine 106 12.54. 41.73 ; ‘Ans, N 5-02 a4 iti Scanned with CamScannerRony Panci's EEE Job Solution (V-1) __ 41a sif&H773 dhakaplaza.com Pant-5: Electrical Machine ‘9 [A 1OKW de. shunt generator has the following losses at full load: BEI ID) Mechanical loss 290W Lae Iron loss 420W Shunt Cu loss 120W Amature Cu loss 595 W ulate the efficiency at (i) no load (i) 25% of full load f. () _Theefficiency at no load is zero because th Gi) At25% (X= 0.25) of full-load, em Constant losses = Mechanical losses + Tron losses + Shunt Cu loss : 290 +420 + 120 = 830 W Armature Cu loss = x? * F.L. Amature Cu loss = (0.25) + 595, 7 W Total losses ~ Constant losses + Armature Cu loss = 830 +37 = 867 W Output = (0.25) * 10 kW =. SKW=2500 W output ____outpue 2500 input output + coral loss ~ 3500 gg7 7 07425 =7425% 14% Ans. 10 | 4 220V shunt connected de machine has an armature resistance of 0.51 and shunt field |EGCB-17, resistance of 1102. If the full load line current is 20A, Find the induced emf when the | GTCL-16, |__| machine works as generator and motor. BIFPCL-15 Solution: ‘When the machine is working as motor, Given, ‘Terminal Voltage, V, Amature Resistance, Rx= 0.5. Q Back emf, Ey = Vi-Ia Ra Shunt field Resistance, Ry = 110. =220- 18*0.5 Line current f= 20 A =211V Ans. Armature current Ix = I, — In = 20-2 =18 A Generated Voltage, E, =? Back emf, E,=? When the machine is working as generator, When the machine is working as motor, Armature current Iq = I + la = 20+2 VitIaRa 220 + 220.5 =231 Ans. Generated Voltage, Es Scanned with CamScannerParts: Ele 1s dhakaplaza.com area Hf HF ical yy Rony Parvej’s EEE Job Solution (V-1) Tam TSeTO bet fas useful Dux per pole oF O07 Wp mand generator taht . "gine ime ts ol : Y te emia ha ee a ad 2 er Fespectively ; when the generator is running at Seat 26.18, Theraja} calculate the power output in kW for the generator. Solution No. of Poles P= 4 0.072440» 900 , 4 soy y 0 4 A itis lap wound compa, generator, Total resistance of 220 tums (or 440 comico) oni No. of pata path a As} ture, oem Rak .88/4 = 0.22 2. Since each tum has 0 sides, No. of conductors, Now, there are four such resistances in parallel each of value 0.22.9. Armature Fesistance, Ry = 0.22/4 Flux, 6 =0.07Wb * Armature circuit sistance, Ra ciscui + Re f oe “ 055+'002=0075 0 Ra= 1009 Ru= 0.02.9 Now, terminal volage V,= E,~ la Races Speed, N = 900 rpm, 162 50*0.075=458.25 V Ans, Armature Current, [ Terminal voltage V, = Shunt Curent, b= Vi/ Ry = 458.25/100 =458 A, Power output =? Line Current, I= 14 Ia ='50 =4:58 = 45.424 Output = V, 1, = i Most co ut dow = In Open Circuit Test, The oj i The open Greuirvae (2) Armature cure Pelco TT ia eae r (©) both Ans.: (b) Field current SS nes 5-64 Scanned with CamScannerRony Parv)'s EEE Job Solution (V-1) gata S1fEEA? dhakaplazaccom Part: Eletrcal Machine 14] What could cause voltage build-up occur ina shunt de generator during starting to fail MCQ DPDC- (a) Lack of residual flux in the field core, " (b) Wrong connection ofthe ek ca (©) Field resistance is hi (AM of thea Hither than critical resistance Ans. (d) Allof the above, DC. Generators tely Excited aa Separately Excited ot D\s Cd /s § Series Wound | IN NO+ Compound Wound + law a (f) | we | Short Shunt (18 Te coated ortora eae ick oo aA BPDB.96 The effect of magnetic field set up by armature current on the distribution of flux under main poles of a generator iscalled armature reaction The armature reaction has two effects: 1, Demagnetizes the main field 2. Cross-magnetizes the main field Armature reaction can be reduced using 1. Compensating winding 2. Interpole 3. High reluctance pole tips 4, Reduction in armature flux. 5-65 Scanned with CamScanner'¢ dhakaplaza.com Rony Parve)'s EEE Job Solution (V-1) aera SCR ‘OF DC Generator (Only curves) _ 17 _| Characteristi The following are the three most important characteristics 0 1. Open Cireuit Characteristic (0.C.C.) [Eo 2. Intemal or Total characteristic (F/1) 3. Extemal chat istic (W/l.) ince & Critical Speed (Definition) I [AST Critical Re: Jd circuit resistance (Fora given speed) with Which the shy Critical Field Resistance : The maximum fie eee generator would just excite is known as its critical field speed when the given shunt field resistan, Critical Speed : Critical speed ofa shunt generator is the speed ¥ ey ‘ritical resistance. atches with its excit (Or, Critical speed is the speed at which rotor natural frequency (rotor speed) matches with its excitation frequency. Running of turbine on this speed is avoided. (Mooeucstnacsnustien Lereiiaicee [st [ Question anes Referens, [TA Tong-shunt compound generator delivers a load current of | 506.16 V Example 50 A at 500 V and has armature, series field and shunt field | 52 A 26.4, resistances of 0,05 Q, 0.03 Q and 250 2 respectively. Theraja Calculate the generated voltage and the armature current. “em 1 V per brush for contact drop. | | A short-shunt compound generator delivers a load current of | 232.36 V Example 30A at 220 V and has armature, series-field and shunt-field | 31.145 A 26.5, 2 | fesistances of 0.05 9, 0.30 © and 200 Q respectively. Theraja Calculate the induced e.m.f. and the armature current. Allow 1.0 V per brush for contact drop. {In @ long-shunt compound generator, the terminal voltage is | (i) 2364 V Example 230 V when generator delivers 150 A. Determine (i) induced | (ii) 36081 W | 26.6, | e.m-f, (ii) total power generated and (ii) distribution of this (iii) Arm.: 744 | Theraja 3° | power. Given that shunt field, series field, diverter and | W | armature resistance are 929, 0.015 Q, 0.03 © and 0.032 | F eD :232 W | | Fespectively. Shunt: 575 W Load: 34500 W ven for a 300-kW, 600-V | 6254. V Example shunt compound generator: Shunt field resistance = 75 | 317.7 kW 26.7, ©, armature resistance including brush resistance = 0.03 Q, Theraja Commutating Feld winding resistance = 0.011 0, series field 5-66 Scanned with CamScannerPart-5: Electrical Machine Rony Parvej’s EEE Job Solution (V-1) sae SMfEMAs dhakaplaza.com resistance = 0.012 Q. diverior resistance = 0.036. When the machine is delivering ful load, calculate the voltage and power generated by the armature, A four-pole generator, haviawys es at a pepo img Wave-wound armature winding | 178.5 V Example 5 | the voltage generated in ad 20 conductors, What will be 268, 3 nachi i A essing the Mus per poteren bal sven at 1500 rpm Theraja An S-pole dc. shunt generator wil a h 778 7 amature conductors and runnin ay, NOvESOMTETeT] TTA Example | 2.5 Qresistang .m. supplies a load | 255,04 V 26.11 (a), |g for at terminal voltage of $0 V. The a a | resistance is 0.24.2 and the field resistance is 2609, pen | 288 HWE Theraja | armature current, the induced hee em, and the flux per pole i In a 120 V compound generator, = > the resistances of the | Mi armature, shunt and series windings are 0,06. 25 fhand ta o aed ae 2 respectively. The load current is 100 A at 120 V. Find the 28.6% A i induced em and the armature curent when the machine & ae _ connected as (i) long-shunt and as (ii) short-shunt. 1 How will the ampere-turns ofthe series field be changed in ail) if diverter of 0.1 ohm be connected in parallel with the series winding ? Neglect brush contact drop and ignore armature reaction. A4-pole, long-shunt lap-wound generator supplies 25 KW at | 505.67 V Example a terminal voltage of 500 V. The armature resistance is 0.03 | 1264 26.15, ohm, series field resistance is 0.04 ohm and shunt field Theraja resistance is 200 ohm. The brush drop may be taken as 1.0 V. 8 | Determine the e.m.f., generated. Calculate also the No. of conductors if the speed is 1200 r.p.m. and flux per pole is 0.02 weber. Neglect armature reaction. ‘A4-pole, lap-wound, d.c. shunt generator has a useful flux per | 459.25 Example pole of 0.07 Wb. The armature winding consists of 220 tums 26.17, 9 | cach of 0.004 Q resistance. Calculate the terminal voltage Theraja when running at 900 r.p.m. if the armature current is 50 A. Lf 5-67 Scanned with CamScannerPan: Ble Rony Puyei’s EEE Job Solution (V-1) carat sf dhakaplaza.com trical = mpound generator | 462 V le, A -+pole, lap-wound, Tong-shunt, dc. compe i Exam ra ature winding | 20.814 kw ile has useful ux per pote of 0.07 Wb. The amare AT 2614 | consists of 220 tums and the resistance per turn is 04 ‘ They | Caleutate the terminal voltage if the resistance of shunt an 10 series fold are 100 ohms and 0.02 ohms respectively: when | the generator is running at 900 p.m. with armature current of A. Also calculate the power output in kW for the generator. | ‘A separately excited de. generator, when running at 1200 | Exams | rpm. supplies 200 A at 125 V to a circuit of constant 2619, | resistance. What will be the current when the speed is dropped Theaja 11 | t0 1000 rpm. and the field current is reduced to 80%? Armature resistance, 0.04 @ and total drop at brushes, 2 V. Ignore saturation and armature reaction. [A 10 EW, 250 V, de. 6-pole shunt generator runs at 1000 | 30 mWb rangi | rpm, when delivering full-oad, The armature has 534 lap- 26.23, 12 | Comnected conductors, Full-load Cu loss is 0.64 kW. The total | Thera | | brush drop is 1 volt. Determine the flux per pole. Neglect | shunt current, | A shunt generator delivers 195 A at terminal p.d. of 250 V.| (a) 254V Example | The armature resistance and shunt field resistance are 0.029, | (b) 2050W | 26 24(, | and 50,2 respectively. The iron and fiction losses equal 950 | (c) 51,750W | Thera fas |™ (A) m= 92.8% ; | 95.9% | Find (a) E.M.F. generated (b) Cu losses (c) output ofthe prime 94.2% motor (4) commercial, mechanical and electrical efficiencies, | 4 | | A shunt generator has a FL- current of 196 A at 220 V. The | 0.107 @ Example | | Stay losses are 720 W and the shunt field coil resistance is $5 | 122.34 A 2625, | 14 | Hit has a FL, efficiency of 889%, find the amtge | ae | "| sistance. Also, find the load current corressonhen | mae j | maximum tiny. sponding. to A long-shunt dynamo running at 1000 Gyp-y | Saal eee main fi 00 a Serle 22 KW] (a) 1584.5 W [Example | shun ld and he ses ad en ie armature, | (b) 1415.5 W | 26.26, 15 | respectively. The overall efficiency atthe above hey ogee | 238-74.Nm | Theat | Find (a) Cu losses (by iron and fiction tome on 88% exerted by the prime mover. ses (c) the torque a | —_ —_ Scanned with CamScannerine Rony Parvej’s FEE Job Solution (Vel) eeu sif@gr"5 dhakaplaza.com Part-5; Electrical Machin A 4-pole dc. generator ig delivering 20 A to a load of 100.) 214V Example | IF the armature resistance is 0.5 0 and the shunt field | 77.9% 26.21, 16 resistance is $0 9, caleulate the induced cam.f, and the Theraja efficiency of the machine. Allow a drop of 1 V per brush. | i [Apres Sonoda paca ives 240 volts at| 87% Example FL out or A. The resistances of Vatious windings of 26.28, | the machin anvature (including brush contact) 0.1.2, Theraja | yy | series field 0.02 9, imerpole field 0,025 Q, shunt field 17 Gactuding regulating Tesistance) 100.0. ‘The iron los aT is 1000 W: windage and friction losses tot 500 W. Calculate FL efficiency of the machine The’ geese and eddy Surrent losses ina de, machine | 370 rpm. Example | mong "PAM. are 250 W and 100 \ Tespectively, If 26.30, 18 the flux remains constant, at what Speed will be total iron Theraja | losses be halved? i A pole generator has a waveavound armature with 722 | gon Example Conductors, and it delivers 100 A on ful load. Ifthe brush lead | 3778 271, 19 [is 8°, calculate the armature demagnetising and cross. Theraja magnetising ampere turns per Pole. An §-pole generator has an ouiput of 00 Aa 300 V, the lap- | 800 Example connected armature has 1280 conductors, 160 commutator | 1200 272, 2 | ements. If the brushes are advanced 4-segments from the Theraja © | norload neutral axis, estimate the armature demagnetizing and Gtoss-magnetizing ampere-turns per pole. | |A 4:pole wave-wound motor armature has 880 conductors | 440 AT | Example and delivers 120 A. The brushes have been displaced through | 6,160 27.3(a), | 3 angular degrees from the geometrical axis, Calculate (a) Theraja 21 | demagnetising amp-tums/pole (b) cross- magnetising amp- tums/pole (c) the additional field current for neutralizing the demagnetisation ofthe field winding has 1100 turns/pole — — Determine per pole the number (I) of eros magnetising | 2778 Example empere-turs (ii) of back ampere-tums and (ii) of series turns | 1390 276, 2 | lobalance the back ampere-turns inthe case ofa d.c, generator | 9 Theraja |_| having the following data - 500 conductors, total current 200 A, 6 poles, 2-cireuit wave —LNading, angle of lead = 10°, leakage coetficient = 1.3 5-69 Scanned with CamScannerJob Solution (V-1) aera tferxrets dhakaplaza.com The open-circuit characteristic of a separately-excited d.c. Io tor driven at 1000 r.p.m. is as follows : generator dri P. ana Field ]02]04]06 [os|to [12 [14 [16 || current : EMF. |30 [55 ]75 [90 {100 [110 | 115 | 120 volts : 23 | , If the machine is connected as shunt generator and driven at 1000 rpm. and has a field resistance of 100 2, find (a) open-circuit voltage and exciting current (b) the critical resistance and (c) resistance to induce 115 volts on open circuit. ‘4 220-V compound generator is supplying a load of 100 A at | (a) 104.4 A 220 V. The resistances of its armature, shunt and series | 236.4 V windings are 0.1 2, 50 0 and 0.06 2 respectively. Find the 24. | induced em. and the armature current when the machine is | (b) 104.4 A. “| connected (a) short shunt (b) long shunt (c) how will the series | 216.7 V amp-tums be changed in (b) if a diverter of 0.14 Q is connected in parallel with the series windings? Neglect | (c) 70% armature reaction and brush contact drop. Exampk 28.17, Theraja Scanned with CamScanner