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Ckts 1 Module 2 Midterms

1. Convert the delta network to a wye configuration using delta-wye conversion formulas to find the equivalent resistances. 2. Use the wye resistances to calculate the equivalent resistance Rt using resistances in parallel formula. 3. Use Rt to calculate the total current It flowing out of the voltage source. 4. Calculate the total power Pt dissipated as It2Rt.

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Adrian Prince Lopez
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120 views30 pages

Ckts 1 Module 2 Midterms

1. Convert the delta network to a wye configuration using delta-wye conversion formulas to find the equivalent resistances. 2. Use the wye resistances to calculate the equivalent resistance Rt using resistances in parallel formula. 3. Use Rt to calculate the total current It flowing out of the voltage source. 4. Calculate the total power Pt dissipated as It2Rt.

Uploaded by

Adrian Prince Lopez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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kirchhoffs law and Thevenins’ theorem

KIRCHHOFF’S LAWS:
TWO PARTS:
A. KVL---- KIRCHHOFF’S VOLTAGE LAW
B. KCL---- KIRCHHOFF’S CURRENT LAW
• KVL---- The sum of all the voltage in a closed loop is equal to zero
• KCL---- The sum of all the current in a given node is equal to zero.
Sample circuit

E E

Calculate I1, I2, & I3


Sol’n
Loop – 1 Mult 3 in eqn 2
-28 +I1(4) +I2 (2) = 0 ---- eqn. 1 21 - 6 I2 + 3I3 = 0 ---eqn.5
Loop – 2 add 4 & 5
- I2(2) + I3 + 7 = 0 ---- eqn. 2 -28 + 6I2 + 4I3 = 0
Current eqn. 21 - 6 I2 +3I3 = 0
I1 = I2 + I3 --- eqn. 3 -7 + 7 I3 = 0
Sub. Eqn. 3 in 1 I3 = 1 A
-28 + (I2 + I3)(4) + 2I2 = 0 7- 2I2 +1 = 0
-28 +4I2 + 4I3 +2I2 = 0 I2 = 8/2 = 4 A
-28 +6I2 + 4I3 = 0 eqn. 4 I1 = 1 + 4 = 5 A
Thevenins’ Theorem

• It was named after M.L. Thevenin --- a French engineer.


• The theorem is very useful in simplifying voltage in a network.
states that, in a given network, it has an equivalent resistance Rth and
a equivalent voltage Vth.
NT.WK.
Rth

VTH
Sample problem(calculate Rth, Vth & I by Thevenin’s
L

theorem)

R1 = 3Ω

36 V R2 = 6Ω RL = 3Ω

Th
• Rth = 3//6 = 18/9 Ω = 2 Ω
• VTh = 36(R2) / (R2 + R1)
= 36(6)/(6 + 3)
= 216/9 V = 24 V
• IL = Vth / (Rth + RL)
= (24)/ (2 + 3)
= 4.8 A
NORTONS’ THEOREM
--- States that a linear network terminating on any two nodes A and B
and containing any number of sources can be replaced by an ideal
current source in parallel with an internal resistance.
--- The ideal current source is equal to the short circuit current across
the terminating nodes.
In
NT.WK.
Rn

In --- Nortons’ current


Rn --- Nortons’ resistance
Sample problem

Find Rn, In & IL by Nortons theorem

R1 = 3Ω

24 V R2 = 6Ω RL = 2Ω
Sol’n

thevenize Nortonize:

Rth =2 Ω
RL In Rn RL
Vth = 16 V

Rn = Rth
Find : In & IL
• In = Vth/Rth
= 16/(2)
=8A
• IL = In (Rn)/(Rn + RL)
= 8(2)/(2 + 2)
=4A
Sample Problems
1. using Kirchhoffs Law calculate
It, I1, I2, I3, I4 & IL

It R1 = 3Ω R2 = 6Ω
I1 !2
RL = 2Ω
30 V a b

IL I4
I3
R3 = 6Ω R4 = 4Ω
2. Calculate IL by Thevenin’s & Norton’s Theorem

R1 = 3Ω R2 = 6Ω

RL = 2Ω
30 V a b Rth = Rab = Ra + Rb
IL Vth = Va – Vb
Th

R3 = 6Ω R4 = 4Ω
3. Calculate IL By Thevenins Theorem

= 20Ω = 10Ω

th1 2
10 V = 20Ω = 20Ω = 5Ω

find : Vth1, Rth1 Vth2, Rth2, IL


Sol’ns
Kirchhoffs law
1.
-30 +3I1 + 6I3 = 0 -----Eqn. 1 Add = 1’ & 2’
-3I1 +6I2 – 2IL = 0 ----Eqn. 2 16IL – 8 I2 = 0
-6 +2IL +4I4 = 0 ---- Eqn. 3 sub I3 & I2 to 1’
I1 = I3 + IL ---- Eqn. 4 -6(3.333 – 0.3333)+ 6IL+4(2IL) = 0
I4 = I2 + IL ----Eqn. 5 IL = 1.25 A
Sub eqn. 5 to eqn. 3 I3 = 3.333 – 0.333(1.25)
-6 I3 + 6IL + 4I2----- 1’ I3 = 3 A
Sub eqn. 4 to eqn. 2 I2 = 2 (1.25) = 2.5 A
-3 I3 + 6I2 – 5IL = 0----2’ I4 = 2.5 + 1.25 = 3.75 A
Sub eqn. 4 to eqn. 1 I1 = 3 + 1.25 = 4.25 A
-30 + 9I3 + 3IL = 0-----3’
I3 = 3.333 – 0.3333IL
• I2 = 2.5 A
• I3 = 2.917 A
• I1=4.167 A
• It = 6.667 A
• IL = 1.25 A
• I4 = 3.75A
Soln.
Rth =2.3//6 +6//4 = 4.4 Ω
Va = 30(6)/(6+3) = 20V
Vb = 30(4)/(6+4) = 12
Vth = Va – Vb = 20 – 12 = 8V
IL = Vth/(Rth + RL) = 8/(4.4 + 2) = 1.25 A
3.

Rth1 = R2//R1 = 20//20 = 10 Ω


Rth2 = [20//20 +10 ] // 20 = 10 Ω

Vth1 = 10 (20)/(20 +20) = 5 V

Vth2 = 5 (20)/(20+20) = 2.5V

IL = Vth/ (Rth + RL) = 2.5/ (10+5) = 0.167 A


DELTA TO WYE CONVERSION
Formulas

𝑅𝐴𝐶 (𝑅𝐴𝐵)
• RA =
𝑅𝐴𝐶+𝑅𝐴𝐵+𝑅𝐵𝐶

𝑅𝐴𝐵 (𝑅𝐵𝐶)
• RB =
𝑅𝐴𝐶+𝑅𝐴𝐵+𝑅𝐵𝐶

𝑅𝐴𝐶 (𝑅𝐵𝐶)
• RC =
𝑅𝐴𝐶+𝑅𝐴𝐵+𝑅𝐵𝐶
WYE to DELTA Conversion
Formulas

𝑅𝐴(𝑅𝐵)+𝑅𝐵(𝑅𝐶)+𝑅𝐶(𝑅𝐴)
• RAC = 𝑅𝐵

𝑅𝐴(𝑅𝐵)+𝑅𝐵(𝑅𝐶)+𝑅𝐶(𝑅𝐴)
• RAB =
𝑅𝐶

𝑅𝐴(𝑅𝐵)+𝑅𝐵(𝑅𝐶)+𝑅𝐶(𝑅𝐴)
• RBC =
𝑅𝐴
Problem: Calculate: Rt, It & Pt
Rt = 14.57 Ω
It = 0.686 A
Pt = 6.863 w
1. Apply to Y Find Rt, It, Pt, V8Ω
10 Ω
10 Ω
10 Ω 10 Ω

30 V
25 Ω
15 Ω
8Ω

5Ω 10 Ω
2. Apply Y to calculate Rt, It, and Pt.

12 Ω

10 V 10 Ω

18 Ω 22 Ω

15 Ω
Off limit

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