Understanding Culture

Society and Politics

Quarter 2 – Module 6:
New Challenges in
Contemporary Societies
Understanding Culture Society and Politics
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 6: New Challenges in Contemporary Societies
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module
Writer: Emelyn Leaban-Cruz
Camille Grace T. Singkac
Editors: Alfred James A. Ellar
James Angelo T. Año
Reviewers: Leonardo C. Cargullo
Emily R. Quintos
Asher H. Pasco
Jesusa L. Partosa
Alfonso V. Mabuting
Johncent Roy C. Tibordo
Illustrators: Shiela Mae L. Ortiz
Maria Babylyn B. Nevalga
Layout Artists: Allan Gilbert M. Jain
Maria Cristina F. Lim
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Understanding Culture
Society and Politics
Quarter 2 – Module 6:
New Challenges in
Contemporary Societies
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS for Grade 11

Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on New Challenges in Contemporary
Societies (MELC 12)

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Understanding Culture Society and Politics Alternative Delivery Mode
(ADM) Module on New Challenges to Human Adaptation and Social Change

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the

iii
 lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the nature of understanding culture society and politics. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow
the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is about the new challenges in contemporary societies.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. describe how human societies adapt to new challenges in the physical, social
and cultural environment.
2. analyze how human societies adapt to new challenges in global warming and
climate change.
3. identify the concepts of transnational migration and Overseas Filipino
Workers (OFWs) across the world.
4. value the importance of adaptation in the physical, social and cultural
environment.

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 What I Know

Use separate sheet for your answers.

A. Instruction: Read the following questions carefully. Choose the letter of the
correct answer.

1. Which of the following change denotes alterations in the governmental aspect of a

society, such as changes in the administrative, executive, legislative, judicial, and
constitutional processes, systems, and structures?
A. Social change
B. Cultural change
C. Physical change
D. Political change

2. What is the term used to describe a gradual increase in the average temperature
the Earth’s atmosphere and its oceans, a change that is believed to be permanently
changing the Earth’s climate?
A. Globalization
B. Global Warming
C. Greenhouse Effect
D. Weather Condition

3. Which of the following aims to reduce greenhouse gases emissions and can help
avoid, reduce or delay impacts, and should be implemented in order to ensure that
adaptation capacity is not exceeded?
A. Mitigation
B. Assimilation
C. Current Adaption
D. Vulnerability of populations

4. What is the term often used to refer to Filipino migrant workers, people with
Filipino citizenship who reside in another country for a limited period of employment?
A. Filipino Migrants
B. Filipino Workers Abroad
C. Filipino Domestic Helper
D. Overseas Filipino Workers

5. How does our OFW’s help the economy?

A. Through their remittances
B. Through love for their family
C. Through their participation in national issue
D. Through their subscription in online communities such as OFW
Facebook

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B. Instruction: Write TRUE if the statements suggest effect of global warming
and FALSE if not.

1. ______ Rainfall Patterns

2. ______ Surface Temperature and Cyclones
3. ______ Coastline Changes
4. ______ Water level changes
5. ______ Food productivity
6. ______ Forest Cover
7. ______ Desertification of Lands
8. ______ Plantation
9. ______ Hurricane
10. ______ Earthquake

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 What’s In

Before we proceed, let us go back with some of the important concepts about society
on social stratification and inequality which relate our discussion.

According to Marxist Theory, social stratification is created by the differing

economic capacities among people and their relationships to the means or the factors
of production. In a society, two distinct classes can be created which feature those
who own the factors or means of production and those who sell their labor in the
production chain to those who own the means. This basically creates the employer-
employee relation in most societies. Apart from these two distinct groups, Karl Marx
also recognized two other groups that do not belong to either but are somehow related
to the two large groups:

 The Petite Bourgeoisie- those who own some of the means of productions but
their profit earning power is not enough to earn them a position among the
bourgeoisie
 The Underclass- includes those who have no social status

Social Stratification is a form of inequality that occurs due to the inherent

differences between human beings and can be determined by race, gender, age, and
economic capacity among other distinguishing features. The differentiation is done
to mark one group as superior over another which leads to social classes arranged
as hierarchies.

Let’s have a drill!

Where do the following items belong? Is it (A) Bourgeoisie or (B) Underclass?

1. ___Craftsmen 6. ___Merchants
2. ___Artisans 7. ___Landlords
3. ___Wage earners 8. ___Car buyers
4. ___Employer 9. ___Company owners
5. ___Beggars 10. ___Employee

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 What’s New

Let’s read the situations and answer the questions below.

1. You are about to go home from school. You decide to buy snacks just before
you ride a bus. You sit near the doorway where you find your convenience of
eating your snacks. When you finished your snacks and about to throw plastic
container of your milk tea, you noticed there was no trash bin inside the bus.
When the bus suddenly stops to unload passengers, you saw huge trash bins
at the unloading station. You are about to stand up to take an opportunity of
throwing your trash but then the bus moves to leave.

Guide Question: As a citizen, how can you protect, conserve, and restore our
environment?
Answer:___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. Your parents found an opportunity to work abroad. They work hard to earn
money for your family. They even save money for your studies to continue
education. There are times they feel homesick as they miss celebrating
occasions like birthdays, Christmas and family reunions. The only way for
them to communicate with you is through Facebook but then they have
limited time to catch even 30 minutes as their boss employer is strict when it
comes to work schedule.

Guide Question: How can you make your OFW feel that they are special and
valuable?
Answer:___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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 What is It

In this part of your journey, we provide something for you to read to deepen
your understanding about the topic. Please do it with comprehension to discover
knowledge that will help you out in dealing with the next phase of your quest.

New Challenges Contemporary Societies:

Human Adaptation and Social Change

“As human beings we do change, grow, adapt,

perhaps even learn and become wiser.”
- Wendy Carlos

A progressive society requires social change. However, there are challenges

which we must overcome in order to ensure this. With the society’s development
comes a new challenge that everyone must face. Everyone must realize that
responding to social, political, and cultural change has a great impact to the society.

Many of the changes that people have experienced throughout the history
come with numerous challenges which must overcome. It is for this reason that
people devised various ways of dealing with social, political, and cultural change
through involvement and collective action. These actions are what we need in order
to respond to the social, political, and cultural changes that are happening.

Social change, in anthropology and sociology, refers to the modification of

mechanisms, means methods, or systems within the social structure, characterized
by alterations in social relationships, social order social symbols, social
organizations, value system, or rules of behaviour. Examples of social change include
the industrial revolution, the abolition of slavery, the civil rights movement and the
women's suffrage movement, etc.

Cultural change could be seen in the practices, institutions, technology,

societal laws, ethos or mores (moral norms), manners, value systems, customs,
traditions, habits, beliefs, arts, music, and literatures. Some of the examples are
changes in the manner of choosing a spouse and adopting a new lifestyle.

Political Change, on the other hand, denotes alterations in the governmental

aspect of a society, such as changes in the administrative, executive, legislative,
judicial, and constitutional processes, systems, and structures. Examples are
constitutional amendments and the shift from presidential to parliamentary form of
government.

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Global Warming and Climate Change
Global warming is generally described as a
gradual increase in the average temperature of the
Earth’s atmosphere and its oceans. It is mainly caused
heat being trapped in the earth known as greenhouse
effect. This environmental change is irreversible, and
later would permanently change the earth’s climate.
As such, climate change becomes a global concern to
every nation, especially to those highly industrialized
countries.

Greenhouse Gases and Greenhouse Effect

Greenhouse Effect is the process wherein radiation from the earth’s
atmosphere warms its surface to a temperature above what it would be in the
absence of its atmosphere. It is caused by greenhouse gases.

Effects of Climate Change

1. Rainfall patterns
2. Surface temperature and
cyclones
3. Coastline Changes
4. Water level changes
5. Food productivity
6. Forest cover
7. Desertification of lands

Ways to Address Global Warming

1. Current adaptation strategies
Humans have to strategize in order to adapt to the impacts of climate change.
We can adapt through minimizing our carbon emission and adopt a more
environmental-friendly methods of living such as electric-based transportation.
However, adaptation alone is not expected to be able to cope with environmental
effects of climate change since some of the effects of global warming are irreversible
already.
2. Vulnerability of populations to climate change
Human population is vulnerable to climate change caused by different factors
such as pollution, conflicts, or epidemics. We can engage on sustainable development
activities, such as reforestation, recycling and the use of renewable resources to help
human societies reduce their vulnerability to climate change.

3. Mitigation and adaptation

Mitigation measures to reduce greenhouse gases emission can help to avoid,
reduce or delay impacts of climate change to ensure that the adaptation capacity of
people is maximize in its full efficiency.

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International Agreements

is an
international environmental
treaty adopted on 9 May
1992 and opened for
signature at the Earth
Summit in Rio de
Janeiro from 3 to 14 June
1992

The UNFCCC objective is to "stabilize greenhouse

gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent
dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system"

In 2015 the Paris

In 1997, the Kyoto Agreement was
The parties to the Protocol was adopted, governing
convention have met concluded and emission reductions
annually from 1995 established legally from 2020 on through
in Conferences of the binding obligations commitments of
Parties (COP) to for developed countries in
assess progress in countries to reduce Nationally
dealing with climate their greenhouse gas Determined
change. emissions in the Contributions,
period 2008–2012. lowering the target to
1.5 °C.

8
 Although the climate problem will not be solved without government
responses, various private sectors such as business corporations, advocacy groups,
and other non-governmental institutions are actively engaging to reduce the cause
of climate problem specifically global warming.

Accordingly, the private sectors are particularly important because climate

policy is shared responsibility between the public and private sectors of the society.
The private sector responses also called as private climate governance can be
collaborated with government responses.

Transnational Migration: Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs)

Since the late 20th century, the rise of globalization has changed the concept
of migration. Improvements in transportation, communication, and financial
systems have made it easier for people to migrate to work in another country but still
provide for their families in their home countries by sending their earning home.

Transnational Migration is a global phenomenon that is mounting scope,

complexity and impact. Migration is both a cause and effect of broader development
processes and an intrinsic feature of our globalizing world.

Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs)

Filipinos often have the mindset that when they work abroad, they would be
able to support and sustain the needs of the families away from poverty.

Overseas Filipino Workers is a term often used to refer to Filipino migrant

workers, people with Filipino citizenship who reside in another country for a limited
period of employment. OFW Immigrants go to other countries because of poverty.
These people migrate for economic purposes. Their primary goal is to earn much
larger amount of salary to support their families in their home country.
The sacrifices of overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) make just to provide a
better life for their families earned them the
title of the nation’s bagong bayani (new
heroes).In recent years, the improvement of
the economy often attributed to their
remittances further cemented their mark in
the Philippines. According to the Philippine
Overseas Employment Administration
(POEA), there were a total of 1,844,406 OFWs
in 2015 – 1,437,875 land-based and 406,531
sea-based.

Empowering OFWs
Overseas Filipino Workers’ (OFWs) face a lot of challenges as they seek a better
opportunity abroad. Because of difference in social and cultural structures of other
countries, OFWs are prone to violence manifested through labor exploitation, abuse
of employers, leading to some legal issues. Despite the difficulties faced by the OFWs,

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they are persistently pursuing to work abroad to lift their families from poverty. Other
OFWs have chosen to work abroad for better salary, which the local employers could
not provide them. Still, there are OFWs who are forced to work abroad due to
underemployment caused by job mismatch in work opportunity and workers’ skills
in the country. Nonetheless, there are few non-governmental organizations that
continuously provide support system to OFWs to protect their rights, and assist them
to fulfil their employment goals while working abroad.

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 What’s More

Activity 1: Explore Your Analytical Mind

Direction: Answer the questions based on what you just read.

1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of having greenhouse gases in

the atmosphere?
Answer:
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

2. How does global warming and climate change affect human and environment?
Answer:
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
3. How do OFWs help to improve the economic status of the Philippines?
Answer:
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

4. What are the pros and cons of being an OFW in relation to social stratification
and inequality?
Answer:
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

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Activity 2: Test your Creativity

Direction: Make a creative piece of work for the following themes. It could be in the
form of poster, slogan, song, or a poem. Write your work in a sheet provided.

1. Saving the earth: Cooling Down Our World!

2. Pinoy Abroad: Economic Heroes of Our Country

CRITERIA FOR GRADING A CREATIVE PRESENTATION

CRITERIA DESCRIPTION POINTS POINTS

OBTAINED
Piece of Work Achieves precision and 10
clarity in presenting
compelling and fully
developed ideas.
Creativity Original, unique, and 5
cogent ideas, phrasing,
and products.
Organization Organization is convincing 5
and well structured.

Total 20

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 What I Have Learned

Gains for Brains

Direction: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words or phrases to complete the
sentences/ paragraphs.

In this module, the topic was on __________________________________________.

This discusses about ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.

To describe how human in society adapt to new challenges in the physical,

social and cultural environment, I was taught about ______________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________. Adapting to new challenges in
global warming and climate change can be analyzed through _____________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.

I learned about concepts of transnational migration and Overseas Filipino

Workers (OFWs) across the world which talk about ______________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.

I also learned that it matters to value the importance of human adaptation to

new challenges and change in our society and the world as a whole. Valuing its
importance can really be realized in this module because _________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.

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 What I Can Do

COVID-19

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by

severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a new strain of virus
first detected in Wuhan, China in 2019. COVID-19 is known to target a person’s
respiratory system. Infected patients may exhibit symptoms such as fever, cough,
shortness of breath, and in some cases, muscle pain and sore throat. Some patients
may also be asymptomatic. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO)
has characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic due to the exponential increase of the
number of cases in more than 100 countries. On March16, 2020, President Rodrigo
Roa Duterte placed the entire Philippines under a State of Calamity amid the threats
posed by COVID-19.

Activity 1: S-P-E-C Analysis

Direction: Explain how the statement above affects the social, political,
environmental and cultural settings of the Philippines. Express also your views on
how you going to response to these changes

How COVID-
Explanation: Your Response:
19 affects:

Social Change:

Political
Change:

Environmental
Change:

Cultural
Change:

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Activity 2: Challenge Accepted!
Direction: Put a check mark ()on each item if you honestly do the following:

___1. wearing face mask at home and outside the house

___2. washing hands for 20 seconds
___3. drinking a glass of water every 15 minutes of the day
___4. eating fruits and vegetables each day
___5. doing simple body exercise at home

Activity 3: Mind Mapping

Direction: Create a mind map about the Distance Learning that we have in the
educational system. Consider its significance to the so- called “new normal” life amid
COVID- 19 pandemic. Share your thoughts and feelings to the class.

DISTANCE
LEARNING

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 Assessment

Direction: Choose one social issue from the ones listed below and write your own
personal and social experience or knowledge based on the lesson. Write your
reflection on a separate sheet of paper.

A. 2018 fourth warmest year in continued warming trend according to NASA,

NOAA
B. Climate change a ‘day-to-day problem’: Duterte
(Dharel Placido, ABS-CBN News)
C. OFW in Riyadh cries for help after employer ‘tried’ to kiss her
(Raymon Dullana, Rappler News)

Chosen Topic: _________________________________________________________

CRITERIA FOR GRADING A REFLECTION PAPER

CRITERIA DESCRIPTION POINTS POINTS

OBTAINED

The student was able to

choose one scenario and
Content was able to interpret 10
personal and social
experiences using
concepts discussed in this
lesson.

Analysis was clear and

concise based on the data
Analysis presented. 6

The paper was well-written

with ideas easily conveyed
Organization to readers. 4

Total: 20

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 Additional Activities

Let’s make a re-search!

Undertake a research concerning the following topics and present your findings.
Make sure to highlight the importance of addressing issues about global warming
and the OFWs. Attach to this module your research project.
1. Government strategies to fight climate change.

2. Effects of global warming to the economic growth of the Philippines for the
last decade.

3. Effective plans to bring OFWs back home.

CRITERIA FOR GRADING A RESEARCH PAPER

CRITERIA DESCRIPTION POINTS POINTS

OBTAINED
Sufficiency The research paper 15
provides sufficient
information.
Accuracy The research paper 10
provides accurate
information.
Organization The research paper 5
exhibits clear and
organized presentation of
thought

Total: 30

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 18
What's In What I Know
1. A 1. D
2. A 2. B
3. B 3. A
4. A 4. D
5. B 5. A
6. A
7. A 1. TRUE
8. A 2. TRUE
9. A 3. TRUE
10. B 4. TRUE
5. TRUE
6. TRUE
7. TRUE
8. FALSE
9. FALSE
10. FALSE
Answer Key
References

Adedeji, O. et al. (2014). “Global Climate Change”. In Journal of Geoscience and

Environment Protection, 2 (2), pp. 114-122. Retrieved from DOI:
10.4236/gep.2014.22016

Ducanes, G. & Abella, M. (2008). Overseas Filipino Workers and Their Impact on
Household Poverty. ILO Asian Regional Programme on Governance of Labour
Migration. Bangkok, Thailand: International Labour Organization. Retrieved
from https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-
bangkok/documents/publication/wcms_160330.pdf

Junior, E.C & Clarissa Brandão, C. (2008). “Global Contemporary Challenges:

Convergences Scenario in International Law”. In Revista Direito GV, São Paulo,
5 (2), pp. 93-108. Retrieved from
https://www.scielo.br/pdf/rdgv/v5n2/en_09.pdf

Overseas Filipino Workers. http://www.poea.gov.ph/

United Nations. (1994), United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

Retrieved from https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-
convention/what-is-the-united-nations-framework-convention-on-climate-
change

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: [email protected] * [email protected]