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Introduction To Process Control (II)

This document discusses two main types of process control strategies: feedback control and feedforward control. Feedback control measures the controlled variable and uses that measurement to adjust the manipulated variable in order to account for disturbances. Feedforward control instead measures disturbances directly and makes adjustments before the controlled variable is affected. The best approach combines both feedback and feedforward control, using feedback to handle any unmeasured disturbances and feedforward to counteract measured disturbances.

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100 views

Introduction To Process Control (II)

This document discusses two main types of process control strategies: feedback control and feedforward control. Feedback control measures the controlled variable and uses that measurement to adjust the manipulated variable in order to account for disturbances. Feedforward control instead measures disturbances directly and makes adjustments before the controlled variable is affected. The best approach combines both feedback and feedforward control, using feedback to handle any unmeasured disturbances and feedforward to counteract measured disturbances.

Uploaded by

sami alzeq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

Introduction to Process Control (II)

Classification of Process Control Strategies


• Feedback control

Method 1 is an
example of a
feedback
control strategy.

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Introduction to Process Control (II)

The distinguishing feature of feedback control is that the


controlled variable is measured, and that the measurement
is used to adjust the manipulated variable. For feedback
control, the disturbance variable is not measured.

An important advantage of feedback control is that


corrective action occurs regardless of the source of the
disturbance.

2
Introduction to Process Control (II)

For example, in the blending process, the feedback control


strategy can accommodate disturbances in w1, as well as
x1. Its ability to handle disturbances of unknown origin is a
major reason why feedback control is the dominant process
control strategy.

However, feedback control does have a fundamental


limitation: no corrective action is taken until after the
disturbance has upset the process, that is, until after the
controlled variable deviates from the set point.

3
Introduction to Process Control (II)

•Feedforward control

Method 2 is an
example of a
feedforward
control strategy.

4
Introduction to Process Control (II)

The distinguishing feature of feedforward control is that


the disturbance variable is measured, but the controlled
variable is not.

The important advantage of feedforward control is that


corrective action is taken before the controlled variable
deviates from the set point.

Ideally, the corrective action will cancel the effects of the


disturbance so that the controlled variable is not affected
by the disturbance.
5
Introduction to Process Control (II)

Although ideal cancelation is generally not possible,


feedforward control can significantly reduce the effects of
measured disturbances.

Feedforward control has three significant disadvantages:


(i) the disturbance variable must be measured (or
accurately estimated), (ii) no corrective action is taken for
unmeasured disturbances, and (iii) a process model is
required. For example, the feedforward control strategy for
the blending system (Method 2) does not take any
corrective action for unmeasured w1 disturbances.
6
Introduction to Process Control (II)

A more practical approach is to use a combined


feedforward–feedback control system, in which feedback
control provides corrective action for unmeasured
disturbances, while feedforward control reacts to measured
disturbances before the controlled variable is upset.

Consequently, in industrial applications, feedforward


control is normally used in combination with feedback
control. This approach is illustrated by Method 3, a
combined feedforward–feedback control strategy because
both x and x1 are measured.
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Introduction to Process Control (II)

Summary:

8
Introduction to Process Control (II)

Process Control Diagrams

Block diagram for the outlet composition feedback control system.


9
Introduction to Process Control (II)

The operation of the feedback control system can be


summarised as follows:
• Analyzer and transmitter: The tank exit concentration
is measured by an analyzer and then the measurement is
converted to a corresponding electrical current signal by a
transmitter.

• Feedback controller: The controller performs three


distinct calculations. First, it converts the actual set point
xsp into an equivalent internal signal sp. Second, it
calculates an error signal e(t). Third, it calculates a
controller output p(t).
10
Introduction to Process Control (II)

• Control valve: The controller output p(t) in this case is a


DC current signal that is sent to the control valve to adjust
the valve stem position, which in turn affects flow rate
w2(t).

This is the end of Part II

11

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