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    Plant Kingdom Part-2

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    Itsy Bitsy
    The document summarizes key aspects of the plant kingdom in 3 parts. It describes the characteristics of bryophyta including liverworts and mosses, pteridophyta including their sporophytic dominant phase, and gymnosperms including their reproductive organs. It also outlines the key features of angiosperms such as their flowering reproductive structures and vascular tissue. Finally, it provides an overview of bacteria, describing their unicellular prokaryotic nature and how they are classified based on nutrition, shape and other characteristics.

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    Plant Kingdom Part-2

    Uploaded by

    Itsy Bitsy
    44 views8 pages
    The document summarizes key aspects of the plant kingdom in 3 parts. It describes the characteristics of bryophyta including liverworts and mosses, pteridophyta including their sporophytic dominant phase, and gymnosperms including their reproductive organs. It also outlines the key features of angiosperms such as their flowering reproductive structures and vascular tissue. Finally, it provides an overview of bacteria, describing their unicellular prokaryotic nature and how they are classified based on nutrition, shape and other characteristics.

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    1550835911_english

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    The document summarizes key aspects of the plant kingdom in 3 parts. It describes the characteristics of bryophyta including liverworts and mosses, pteridophyta including their sporophytic dominant phase, and gymnosperms including their reproductive organs. It also outlines the key features of angiosperms such as their flowering reproductive structures and vascular tissue. Finally, it provides an overview of bacteria, describing their unicellular prokaryotic nature and how they are classified based on nutrition, shape and other characteristics.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    44 views8 pages

    Plant Kingdom Part-2

    Uploaded by

    Itsy Bitsy
    The document summarizes key aspects of the plant kingdom in 3 parts. It describes the characteristics of bryophyta including liverworts and mosses, pteridophyta including their sporophytic dominant phase, and gymnosperms including their reproductive organs. It also outlines the key features of angiosperms such as their flowering reproductive structures and vascular tissue. Finally, it provides an overview of bacteria, describing their unicellular prokaryotic nature and how they are classified based on nutrition, shape and other characteristics.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8

    Plant Kingdom Part-2

    22.02.2019

    [1 ]
    Plant Kingdom (Part-2)

    [2 ]
    BRYPOPHYTA:

     Known as amphibians of plant kingdom,


     Dominant phase is gametophyte.
     Sex organs are known as Antheridium and Archegonium (female part)
     Divides into two types on the basis of their structure and reproduction
    I. Liverworts - Marchantia and Riccia
    II. Mosses – Funaria

    Marchantia Funaria

    Pteridophyta:
     First terrestrialal plants to possess vascular tissues and need water for
    fertilisation.
     Dominant phase is 'sporophytic.
     Leaves modified to form sporophylls bearing: sporangia. Sporangium
    undergoes to form spores.

    [3 ]
    Eqisetum

    Gymnosperm:
     Plants are shrubs, moderate tree or largest tree. (sequoia is the giant/largest
    tree)
     Vascular bundles are well developed
     reproductive organs are antheridia and archegonia

    [4 ]
    Angiosperms:
     These are called flowering plants as the reproductive organs are borne on
    flowers.
     Vascular bundles are well developed, where Xylem has vessels and
    tracheids and helps in Translocation of water and nutrients where as
    phloem has sieve cells and companion cells and helps in transpiration of
    food sugar). prepared by leaves by the process of photosynthesis

     Flowers are reproductive structure, may be bisexual or unisexual and


    plants may be monoecious or dioecious.
    Eg: All flowering plants.

     True fruits - when thalamus is not included in the formation of fruit,


     False fruits - when thalamus is included in the formation of fruit.
    Eg ; Strawberry and Apple.

     In Angiosperms female sex organs of a flower is the pistil/ gynoecium.


    Pistil has three parts ovary, style, and stigma.
     Male sex organs, stamen, has two parts - a filament and an ather

    BACTERIA

     Antonic von leevenhock (known as the fateher of microbiology)


     Discovered bacteria and classified it under kingdom – Monera
     Word bacteria was coined under the christian Ehrenberg

    General characteristics

    [5 ]
     unicellular ,prokaryotic
     the most primitive organism on earth
     found in every possible habbate
    eg :methenogens halophiles thermoacidophiles
     survive both in presence of oxygen and absense of oxygen

    Aerobic- in the presence of oxygen

    Anaerobic – in the absence of oxygen

     obligative when exposed to oxygen the die


     facultative – when exposed to oxygen , they can survive

    Smallest- Mycoplasm (0.1micro meter)

    Largest – Epulopicium feshelsoni (600 micro meter)

    [6 ]
    Classification of bacteria: (according to the nutrition requirement)

     Autotrophic
     Phototrophic –depending on light energy to synthesize there organic food.
     Chemotropic – which oxidize inorganic chemicals to synthesize organic there food
     Symbiotic
     Saprophytic
     Pathogenic

    Classification of bacteria: (according to shape, size and number )


     Spherical- cocci eg:-monococus, diplococos,streptococcus,staphylococus
     Rod shaped –bacilli eg:-Bacillus cereus
     Comma shaped –vibrio eg:-cholerae
     Spiral – spirillum eg:-spirillum volutans

    Prokaryotic cell have a cell wall (except mycoplasma).

    In addition to chromosomal DNA a circular DNA present known as plasmid.

    Cell envelope of prokaryotic ( 3 layer structure )

    a) Outermost structure glycocalyx,


    b) Middle layer , cell wall
    c) Innermost , cell membrane

    Gram positive and gram negative

     Gram positive – stain gaining


     Gram negative – do not gain stain

    Mesosomes:-

     Extensions of plasma membrane


     Help in –cell wall formation
    - DNA replication
    - Increase the surface areas of plasma membrane

    [7 ]
    [8 ]

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