1.

A city has the following description: W = 5 km, L = 15 km, u = 3 m/s, H=

1000 m. The upwind, or background, concentration of CO is b = 5 ug/m 3.
The emission rate per unit area is q = 4 x 10 -6 g/s.m2. What is the
concentration C of CO over the city?

2. From question no 1 above, the meteorological condition described (u = 3

m/s, H = 1000 m) occur 60 % of the time. For the remaining 40 %, the wind
blows at right angles at velocity 6 m/s and the same height. What is the
annual average concentration of CO in this city?

Annual ave. Conc. =  (conc. For that meteorology) + (freq. Occurrence of that
meteorology)

3. Estimate the concentration of CO at the downwind edge of the city. The city
may be considered to consist of three parallel strips. Locate perpendicular
to the wind. For all of the strips the wind velocity is 3 m/s. The properties of
each of the strips are described in the following table:

Name of strip Length (km) Emission rate q Mixing height,

g/s.km2 H, m
Upwind suburbs 5 100 400
Downtown 2 500 500
Downwind suburbs 5 100 400
Assume background concentration entering upwind suburbs is 1 mg/m3

4. A plant is emitting 750 g/s of particulates. The stack height is 100 m and the
plume rise is 50 m. The wind speed is 7 m/s and the stability category is C.
What is the maximum estimated ground level concentration and how far
downwind does it occur?
5. From question no 4, estimate the values of σy and σz and calculate the SO2
concentration at a point 1.0 km downwind from pollutant source assume
the stability class C and a wind speed greater than 6 m/s.

6. Jana Manjung power plant of the TNB Sdn. Bhd. releases its exhaust gases
through a stack with an inside diameter of 22 ft at a velocity of 80 ft/s and a
temperature of 254F. the plant site is at 6400 ft and the stack is 600 ft, so
the point of release is about 7000 ft above sea level. At this elevation, the
average pressure is 790 mb and the annual average temperature about
50F. What is the estimate plume rise for wind velocities of 1, 3, 10, and 30
m/s.

7. The same power plant has installed wet scrubber that reduces the stack
temperature from 254F to 120F. estimate the plume rise for wind
velocities of 1, 3, 10, and 30 m/s. assume all data are unchanged from
question 7.

8. It is estimated that a burning dump emits 3 g/s of NOx. What is the conc. of
NOx directly downwind from the source at distances of 0.5, 1, 3, and 5 km
on an overcast night with a wind speed of 7 m/s. assume the dump to be a
ground-level point source with no plume rise.

9. A small town is 10 km long and 5 km wide. The effective mixing height has
been found to be 500 m. The air that enters the town contains particulates
concentration of 100 ug/m3 and blow at a velocity of 5 m/s. the generation
rate of PM in the town due to vehicular traffic, combustion of fuel, crushing
operations, etc., is 50 g/s.m2. Find the concentration of PM all over the
town.

10. A foundry emitting 500 kg/day of SO 2 from stack of physical height, 50 m.

Estimate the max. concentration of the pollutant in the direction of the
wind at the ground level at a distance of 1700 m. The prevalent wind
velocity in the horizontal direction, u = 2 m/s. assume stability class E.
11. A smelter is located near an airport. The smelter stack is 300 m in height
and plume rise of 100 m. It is emitting 4500 g/s of sulphur dioxide (SO 2).
Assume that the stability class is always C, and that the wind speed is 3 m/s.
The flight path for the airport is perpendicular to the plume and 5 km
downwind of the smelter. The airport safety officer has determined that it
is unsafe for plane to go through any portion of the plume that has an
average SO2 concentration higher than 500 μg/m3. Estimate the minimum
altitude at which they must fly over plume so that they are not exposed to
SO2 concentration of ≥ 500ug/m3.

12. Assume the hot gases from the glass manufacturing unit, flowing at the
rate of 1200 m3/min and containing particles of 1 µ and above, are sent to a
multi-try settling chamber. The settling unit are 4.5 m long and 4.5 m wide,
contains 26 trays including the bottom shelf, spaced uniformed 35 cm
apart. Determine the minimum particle size that can be separated if the
density and velocity of gases are 1.1 kg/m 3 and 2.25 x10-5 kg/m.s,
respectively.

13. Our cyclone separator is operating with D cut = 5μ. It is now necessary to
increase the flow rate to cyclone by 25%. Nothing else is change. Estimate
the new cut diameter.

14. We wish to use a cyclone to remove 50% of particles 1 µ in diameter from

an air stream with an inlet velocity of 50 ft/s. estimate the maximum
allowable value of Wi.

15. A cyclone separator has an inlet width of 0.25 ft and Vc = 60 ft/s. estimate
the cut diameter for this cyclone separator and the collection efficiency of
this cyclone separator for particle with diameter 1 µ.

16. The human nose and nasal passages, with N= 0.25; its average dimensions
perpendicular to flow are 1 cm x 1 cm. Assume that a typical breath is 1
liter, drawn in over a period of 1 s. Estimate the cut diameter of the human
nose for particles.
17. An ESP is treating a particle-laden air stream, collecting 95% of the
particles. We now double the air flow rate, keeping the particle loading
constant. What is the new % recovery?

18. Our ESP is collecting 95% of particles entering it. We must collect 99% of
particles. We can increase the voltage to increase the efficiency. Assume
others parameters are same. Estimate how many % we need to increase
the voltage to increase efficiency from 95% to 99%?

19. Assume that a wire-and-plate ESP is to be used to separate PM coming out

with flue gases from thermal power station. The flow rate of gases is 1500
m3/min through electrodes where a field intensity of 400kV/m is
maintained. Calculate the efficiency of separation for a 0.2 u particle size,
using the following data area separating 400 m 2, density particles is 2.45
g/cm3, density of gases is 1.21 kg/m3 and velocity of gases 2.25 x 10-5
kg/m.s.

20. Estimate the pressure drop across a cyclone treating a gas at ambient
condition with velocity of 50 ft/s and velocity head is 8.

21. A large conventional cyclone handles 13,000 ft 3/min of particulate-laden

gas. The cyclone dimensions are as follows diameter = 8ft, outlet diameter
4ft, inlet width and height are 2 ft and 4 ft, respectively. Length of cylinder
is 16 ft and cone height is 16 ft.

22. An ESP has 6 collecting plates 10 ft tall and 10 ft long in direction of flow.
The spacing between the plates is 9 inches. The ESP is to be used to collect
particles having a dielectric constant of 4.0 and effective diameter of 3 um.
The carrier gas has a throughput velocity pf 24 ft/s. calculate the voltage
required for 99.5% collection.
23. You have been requested to calculate the collection efficiency of an ESP
containing three ducts with plates of given size, assuming a uniform
distribution of particles. Also determine the collection efficiency assuming
that one duct is fed 50% of the gas and the other passages 25% each. The
operating and design data as follows: flowrate 4000 ft 3/min, drift velocity is
0.40 ft/s, size of plate is 12 ft x 12 ft, and plate-to-plate spacing 8 inches.

24.The incinerator temperature average 1500ᵒC, and the time spent by the
material being burned at this temperature was 1.0 s. The destruction of
dioxin, averaged over three testing periods, was 99.93 %. Assuming that
this materials burns according to the first-order equation, estimate how
long the material would need to be held at 1500ᵒC to get 99.999%. How
long would it take to get 99.9999% destruction?

25.A widely used rule of thumb for VOC incinerators is that they should hold
the heated gases at the peak temp. for 1 s. If the incineration reaction is
first-order, and we require 99.99% destruction of VOC, what is the required
first-order rate constant, k?

26.Estimate the temp. required for an afterburner that will destroy 99.5% of
the toluene contained in airstream with a residence time of 0.5 s using the
value in table 10.4. compare your results with the example calculation no 2,
in which they show that three different methods of making this estimate
lead to answers of 1326, 1263 and 1331ᵒF.