MATH IN THE MODERN WORLD

Midterms (100 pts.)

Save your work in .docx format with file name format: LASTNAMEMT1.docx (e.g. DELACRUZMT1.DOCX)

1. Translate each of the following phrases into mathematical expression. (5 pts.)

a. You are making candles for your friends. A mold for the candles costs $22.50 and wax to
make one candle costs $5. Write an algebraic expression for the total cost of making x
candles.
($22.5 + $5)x, let x be number of candles
b. A video store charges $5 per game rental plus $12 to rent the game system. Write an
expression for renting the game system and a number of games.
$5x ($12)
c. Tickets to a science museum cost $19.95 each. There is a $3 charge for each order no
matter how many tickets are ordered. Write an expression for the cost (in dollars) of
ordering tickets.
$19.95 + $3
d. 25 more than twice a number m
2m + 25
e. The sum of 2 and the square of a number r 2 +2

2. Translate the following statements into equations. Use as few variables as possible. (5 pts)
a. You are buying a new printer and a new scanner for your computer, and you cannot spend
over $150. The printer you want costs $80. Write an inequality that describes the most that
you can spend on the scanner and still stay within your budget.
x + 80 ≤ 150
b. The sum of 7 and three times a number b is at least 12.
3b + 7 ≥ 12
c. The difference of 22 and the quotient of a number m and 4 is 54.
22 – m/4 = 54
d. The sum of twice a number r and 3 is 11.
2r + 3 = 11
e. A number q is at least 5 and less than 17.
q ≥ 5 < 17

3. TRUE or FALSE. If the statement is true, provide an example. If it is false, provide a counter-
example. (15 pts.)
a. If A ⊆B and B⊆C, then A ⊆ C. TRUE
Let x ⊆A.
Since A ⊆Β, x ⊆B.
Since B ⊆C, x ⊆C.
Thus, for all x, x ⊆A ⇒⊆ x ⊆C.
So, A ⊆C

b. If A ⊆B and B⊆C, then A ⊂ C. FALSE

Set A is subset of set B because the elements exist in set A are also in the set B. Set B
is not a subset of set C because the element X is not included in the set C.

Element x is part of set A and set B but not an element in set C. Therefore, set A is not
a subset of set C.
 c. If A ⊆B and C ⊆ D, then If ( A ∪ B ) ⊆ ( B ∪D ) FALSE
This is false, set B is not union of set D because the elements that included in the set
B is not included in set D but in set A. Set C must be the union of set D and not the set B.

d. If A ⊆B, then B' ⊆C ' TRUE

Let A = {a, b, c, d} and C= {a, c, d}, then the elements b and d are only elements that
are in both sets A and .
Let B = {a, b, c, d} and D= {a, c, d}, then the elements b and d are only elements that
are in both sets B and D.

e. If A=B and C=D, then A ∩C=B∩ D TRUE

Let A = {a, b, c, d} and set B is {b, c, d , a} then set A intersect C because some elements
that consist of set A is the same with the some elements of set C.

Let C = {a, b, c, d} and set B is {b, c, d , a} then set C intersect D because some elements
that consist of set is the same with the some elements of set D.

Therefore, Set A , B, C and D has some elements that are the same to each other.

4. Let A = {a ,b , c , d }, B={1, 2 , 3} and c={x , y , z } (10 pts.)

a. A × B
{(a,1), (a,2), (a,3), (b,1), (b,2), (b,3), (c,1), (c,2), (c,3), (d,1), (d,2), (d,3)}

b. C × C
{(x,x), (x,y), (x,z), (y,x), (y,y), (y,z), (z,x), (z,y), (z,z)}

c. ( A ∪ B)×C
{(a, x), (a, y), (a, z), (b, x), (b, y), (b, z), (c, x), (c, y), (c, z), (d, x), (d, y), (d, z), (1, x),
(1, y), (1, z), (2, x), (2,y), (2,z), (3, x), (3, y), (3, z)}

d. ( A × B)∪ (A ×C)
{(a,1), (a,2), (a,3), (b,1), (b,2), (b,3), (c,1), (c,2), (c,3), (d,1), (d,2), (d,3), (a,x), (a,y),
(a,z), (b,x), (b,y), (b,z), (c,x), (c,y), (c,z), (d,x), (d,y), (d,z)}

e. ( A ∪ B) ×(B ∪ C)
{ (a, 1), (a, 2), (a, 3), (a, x), (a, y), (a, z), (b, 1), (b, 2), (b, 3), (b, x), (b, y), (b, z), (c, 1),
(c, 2), (c, 3), (c, x), (c, y), (c, z), (d, 1), (d, 2), (d, 3), (d, x), (d, y), (d, z), (1, 1), (1, 2), (1,
3), (1, x), (1, y), (1, z), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, x), (2, y), (2, z), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, x),
(3, y), (3, z) }
5. State whether or not the following relations are functions. (5 pts.)
a. { ( 0 , 2 ) , ( 0 ,3 ) ,((4,2)) }
NOT FUNCTION
b. { (−1 , 5 ) , ( 2 , 5 ) ,(3 , 5),(5 ,−1) }
FUNCTION
c. { ( 1 , 5 ) , ( 2 , 4 ) , ( 3 , 3 ) , (2 , 2 ) ,(1 ,1) }
NOT FUNCTION
d. {( x , y )∨ y=cos x }
FUNCTION
e. { ( x , y ) ∨ y=sec x }
 FUNCTION
6. Determine whether the set of REAL NUMBERS is binary operation under addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division and exponential. Justify your answer. (5 pts.)
Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division Exponential
REAL ✔ ✔ ✔ X ✔
NUMBERS This is binary This is binary This is binary This is not a This is binary
because if you because if you because if you binary because if because if the
add the two real subtract the two multiply the two you divide the two real numbers
numbers, the real numbers, real numbers, the two real numbers, raised to a real
result will still be will result into result will still be will result into number, it will
real numbers real numbers real numbers undefined result into real
numbers

7. The table below is known as the Quaternion Group. Use the table below to evaluate the following:
(10 pts.) Show your solution for full credit.

a. b∗b a 3 ¿a
b. Find a 4. = a * a * a *a = a 2* a 2=e
4 2 3 2 2
c. (ba) ∗( a ) = e * a =a
2 2 2
d. (a 3)6∗( b a2 ) = a * a = e
e. What is the inverse of element b? a 2

8. Classify the arguments whether INDUCTIVE OR DEDUCTIVE reasoning was applied. (5 pts.)
a. Whenever it rains in the morning, afternoon baseball games are canceled. The baseball
game this afternoon was not canceled. So, it did not rain this morning.
INDUCTIVE
b. Every time Tom has eaten strawberries, he has had a mild allergic reaction. The next time
he eats strawberries, he will have a mild allergic reaction.
DEDUCTIVE
c. The rule at your school is that you must attend all of your classes in order to participate in
sports after school. You played in a soccer game after school on Monday. Therefore, you
went to all of your classes on Monday.
INDUCTIVE
d. For the past 5 years, your neighbor goes on vacation every July 4th and asks you to feed her
hamster. You conclude that you will be asked to feed her hamster on the next July 4th.
INDUCTIVE
e. For the past three Wednesdays, the cafeteria has served macaroni and cheese for lunch.
Dana concludes that the cafeteria will serve macaroni and cheese for lunch this Wednesday.
 INDUCTIVE

9. Use the inductive reasoning to form a conjecture about the following. Then, use deductive
reasoning to show that the conjecture is true. (10 pts.)
a. The square of an odd number.
INDUCTIVE DEDUCTIVE

3² = 9 Let 2x be any odd integer

7² = 49 x² = odd number
13² = 169 Given these equations, the square of an odd number is an odd
15² = 225 number. Therefore, the square of an even number will always
19² = 361 result in an odd positive integer.

b. The sum of two consecutive numbers.

INDUCTIVE DEDUCTIVE

1+2=3
3+4=7 Given these equations, the sum of two consecutive numbers is
5+6=11 equals to odd number. Therefore, the sum of two consecutive
6+7=13 numbers is always result in an odd number.
7+8=15

10. Solve the following and briefly explain how you solved the problem. (10 pts.)
a. Ken Ken

The number that I wrote on this is

5 4 1 6 2 3 dependent on the size of the ken ken
puzzle. This is a 6 x 6 table that’s
4 1 2 3 5 6 why the numbers 1 – 6 must be seen
in vertical and horizontal line
2 5 3 4 6 1 without any repetition.

6 3 4 5 1 2 First, I choose the operation that has

a sure answer like 5- and fill the
3 2 6 1 4 5 given boxes with 6 and 1 then I
proceed to the next easy equation,
1 6 5 2 3 4 up until I fill up the horizontal and
vertical line with 1-6 numbers
without repeated numbers.  

The number that I wrote on this is

7 4 3 2 5 6 1 dependent on the size of the ken
ken puzzle. This is a 7 x 7 table
2 7 6 1 3 4 5
 11. Consider the number A = 1234567891011121314…..99 where the integers 1, 2, 3 until 99 are
concatenated to form the big number. Find the sum of the digits of A. (10 pts.)
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 …. + 10 = 55 = a1, 11 +11 + 12 + 13+ 14 +15 …. +20 = 255 = a2, etc.
12. Consider the operation (#) for all real numbers which is defined as follows: for real numbers a and
b, a ¿ b=a2 −ab+b 2. For example, we have 2 ¿ 3=22−2(3)+3 2=7. Find all real values x that satisfy
the following equality: (10 pts.)
( x ¿ x)¿ 1=x ¿ ( x¿1)
ADDITION SUBTRACTION MULTIPLICATION DIVISION
Let x be any odd numbers = (3 + 3) + 1 = 3 + (3 + = (5 - 5 ) - 1 = 5 - (5 - 1) = (9 * 9) * 1 = 9 * 7 7
X= 3
1)
=6+1=3+4
= -1 = -1 (9 * 1)
= 81 * 1 = 9 * 9
7 ()
÷ 1=7 ÷
1
=7=7 = 81 = 81 =1÷ 1=7÷7
=1=1
Let x be any even = (4 + 4) + 1 = 4 + (4 + 1=1 6=6 1=1
numbers 1)
X= 4 =8+1=4+5
=9=9
Let x be any negative = (-2 + -2) + 1 = -2 + (- 1=1 4=4 1=1
numbers 2 + 1)
X= -2 = -3 =-3
Let x be any positive = (2 + 2) + 1 = 2+ (2+ 1=1 4=4 1=1
numbers 1)
X= 2 =4+1=2+3
=5=5
Let x be any positive (⅔+⅔)+1= ⅔+(⅔+1) -1 = 1/3 4/9 = 4/9 1=1
fraction 1 = 2/3 = 1 = 2/3
X= 1/2

Let x be any negative (-⅔+-⅔)+1=-⅔+(- 1=1 4/9 = 4/9 1=1

fraction ⅔+1) -⅓=-⅓
X= -1/2
Let x be 0 1=1 1 =1 0 =0 1=1
X= 0