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Programming Concepts in Scratch PDF

Scratch teaches young people important programming concepts like sequence, iteration, conditional statements, variables, lists, event handling, parallel execution, coordination, synchronization, keyboard input, random numbers, boolean logic, dynamic interaction, and user interface design. Some concepts not currently introduced include procedures, functions, recursion, exception handling, parameter passing, return values, defining classes of objects, and inheritance.

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cshaltry
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358 views

Programming Concepts in Scratch PDF

Scratch teaches young people important programming concepts like sequence, iteration, conditional statements, variables, lists, event handling, parallel execution, coordination, synchronization, keyboard input, random numbers, boolean logic, dynamic interaction, and user interface design. Some concepts not currently introduced include procedures, functions, recursion, exception handling, parameter passing, return values, defining classes of objects, and inheritance.

Uploaded by

cshaltry
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS AND SKILLS SUPPORTED IN

In the process of creating interactive stories, games, and animations with Scratch, young people
can learn important computational skills and concepts.

PROBLEM-SOLVING AND PROJECT-DESIGN SKILLS


• logical reasoning
• debugging problems
• developing ideas from initial conception to completed project
• sustained focus and perseverance

FUNDAMENTAL IDEAS ABOUT COMPUTERS AND PROGRAMMING


• Computer programs tell the computer precisely what to do, step-by-step
• Writing computer programs doesn’t require special expertise, just clear and careful thinking

SPECIFIC PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS


Concept Explanation Example
sequence To create a program in Scratch, you when space key pressed

need to think systematically about go to x: -100 y: -100

the order of steps. glide

say
2 secs to x:

Let the show begin!


0 y: 0

for secs

play sound fanfare until done

iteration (looping) forever and repeat can be used


for iteration (repeating a series of
instructions)

conditional statements if and if-else check for a condition. if x position > 200

set x to -200

wait .01 secs

variables The variable blocks allow you to


create variables and use them in a
program. The variables can store
numbers or strings. Scratch supports
both global and object-specific
variables.

lists (arrays) The list blocks allow for storing


and accessing a list of numbers and
strings. This kind of data structure
can be considered a “dynamic array.”

http://scratch.mit.edu
Concept Explanation Example
event handling when key pressed and when
sprite clicked are examples of event when left arrow key pressed

handling – responding to events point in direction -90

move 10 steps
triggered by the user or another part
of the program.
threads Launching two stacks at the same
(parallel execution) time creates two independent
threads that execute in parallel.

coordination and broadcast and when I receive can For example, Sprite1 sends the message
winner when this condition is met:
synchronization coordinate the actions of multiple
wait until score > 100
sprites. Using broadcast and wait
broadcast
allows synchronization. winner

This script in Sprite2 is triggered when


the message is received:

when I receive winner

play sound cheer

say You won the game!

keyboard input ask and wait prompts users to type.


answer stores the keyboard input.

random numbers pick random selects random set x to pick random -100 to 100

integers within a given range.


boolean logic and, or, not are examples of boolean
logic.

dynamic interaction mouse_x, mouse_y, and loudness


can be used as dynamic input for
real-time interaction
user interface design You can design interactive user
interfaces in Scratch – for example,
using clickable sprites to create
buttons.

PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS NOT CURRENTLY INTRODUCED IN SCRATCH:


• procedures and functions • recursion • exception handling
• parameter passing and • defining classes of objects • file input/output
return values • inheritance

http://scratch.mit.edu

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