2019 21st International Middle East Power Systems Conference (MEPCON), Tanta University, Egypt

Optimization And Stability Analysis Of Offshore

Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems
1st Ibrahim Nassar 2nd Ibrahim Elsayed 3rd Mahmoud Abdella
Electrical power dept. Faculty of Electrical power dept. Faculty of Electrical power dept. Faculty
Engineering Engineering of Engineering
Alazhar university Alazhar university Alazhar university
Cairo, Egypt Cairo, Egypt Cairo , Egypt
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Abstract—Many countries have executed Offshore wind farms Despite of various advantages of wind power technology,
to Compensate electricity shortage. Offshore wind energy have The intermittent nature of stand alone renewable energy
a larger capacity factor than onshore wind energy. An offshore sources has settled more issues for power system
wind energy could competitive with conventional power plants planners, especially the dynamic stability of the power
because it could have a larger amount of MWs. The grid [4]. The large distance to shore make The high
intermittent nature of offshore wind farms could have voltage Alternating Current (HVAC) unsuitable for
significantly impact on the operation and maintenance cost, connect large offshore wind farms to power grid. Instead
stability, and reliability of it's connected power grid. To
of that, high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission
overcome the intermittency nature off wind energy and ensure
the stability of the system during large events, modern offshore becomes the optimal way to integrate hybrid offshore
hybrid solar and wind farms have implemented. The effects of a farms into the power system, because its large rated
large-scale offshore hybrid farm (OHF) on power system power, reliability and stabilization potential for power
stability are studied. The high voltage direct current is the grids, etc[5].
optimal system to connect the offshore hybrid farm to the main This research work starts with the modeling of the
grid through a voltage source converter (VSC) because the offshore hybrid system, IEEE New England system and
large distance to shore. The proposed model is studied on the HVDC transmission system. The power system studies of
IEEE New-England 10-machine 39-bus test system. Modeling
the unique system (offshore PV/wind hybrid system)
and stability analysis the hybrid offshore hybrid farm are
presented. In this paper, a developed method is proposed for connected to IEEE New England model through HVDC
optimal sizing of the offshore PV/wind hybrid system taking transmission is presented. Steady-state and dynamic
into account the dynamic stability of power grid. The analysis (load flow - voltage stability - transient angle
simulation model is created using Digsilent power factory. stability) are also implemented and discussed at various
Keywords— ( Hybrid Renewable Energy Sources - offshore events. The inclusive analysis of the proposed calculation
wind- optimization - power system stability -IEEE new England- support the power system planner to choose the optimal
solar energy ) system to overcome the problem of electricity shortage
[6].
I. INTRODUCTION
The environmental problems such as global warming,
and air pollution caused by the burning of fossil fuels and
economic problems such as the price of oil have persuaded
energy designers to employ wind and solar energy as a clean
sources of energy. Wind and solar energy have given more
attention in the last decade [1].. The Wind atlas shows that
the region between Egypt and Saudi Arabia, especially in the
Suez Gulf region, have high wind resource. Egypt signed a
cooperation agreement with Saudi Arabia to set up the
electricity interconnection project between the two
countries[2]. The Egyptian-Saudi link is intended to be an
essential axis in the Arab electricity interconnection, which
aims to establish an infrastructure for the electricity trade
among the Arab countries in preparation for the creation of a
common market for electricity. Egypt have a good sites with
high capacity factor which are suitable for wind energy
projects [3]. The position of the most suitable zones along
Egypt’s costs is shown in Fig.1. The selected zone at the Fig 1. The locations of the most promising sites along Egypt’s shores for
Gulf of Suez, is one of the windiest areas in the world. wind energy

978-1-7281-5289-9/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE



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 II. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION B. Offshore PV
TABLE I. THE TECHNICAL DETAILS OF PV MODULES
PV System

Model DAH solar

nominal power 1000 watt

Max power 1280 watt

Temp 48C

Efficiency 12.5%

cost 1250$

Replacement cost 900$

Maintenance cost
20$/year

Fig.2. The relation between types of wind turbine structures and the water Life time 25 years
depth
This study discuss a unique offshore Hybrid Renewable
Energy system. Modelling, optimal sizing and power system
analysis for all possible arrangements are made by digsielent
software .This system consist of a set of offshore PV /wind
farms. The proposed system connected in to the grid through
VSC- HVDC link . The hybrid offshore hybrid farm arranged as shown
in Fig 4,5. each wind turbine has a nominal active power
III. SYSTEM COMPONENT of 10 MW. The machines are equipped with doubly fed
induction generator.Three model representing
A. Offshore wind 20 parallel machine and one representing10 parallel
machine . The PV system element models an array of
The type of wind turbine is used is Vestas MHI photovoltaic panels connected to the bus through inverter
“V164-10.0 MW” with rated power of 10 MW [7] for 25 .each PV has a nominal active power 50 KW.
years life time . The number of wind turbines required is 860
C. VSC-HVDC model
turbines and the distribution of turbines is about one turbine
for 1.27 Km2 and 7.875 MW/Km2, the minimum distances Based on multilevel voltage-sourced converters, the
between turbines is three times of the rotor diameter when HVDC transmission have the ability to combine the
aligned perpendicular to the wind and ten times of the rotor advantages of HVDC transmission and able to supply
diameter when parallel to the wind [8]. The type of the reactive power , maintain the system stability during grid
structure of wind turbine is based on the depth of water and faults . The active power output is proportional inverse
it is showing in Fig.2 [9] and as the water depth is in the
with the available reactive power output at a given VSC
range 25-70 m, the structure of the wind turbine is the
capacity [10]. Hence, VSC capacity and the control method
floating structure.
are the two main factor which governed the voltage
capability of VSC-HVDC. Referring to the control methods
of VSC-HVDC used in this paper, a
trajectory sensitivity analysis (TSA)-based approximation
is implemented as a strategy to define the lower capacity of
onshore VSC which at this value the VSC-HVDC
transmission is able to maintain the power system stability
at various events.
converter

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 Fig 4. Offshore hybrid system through VSC-HVDC.

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The designed strategy implements a two-stage frequency converter model in DIgSILENT. To calculate
approximation system to develop the precision of the linear load flow and study power system stabilities[13].
approximation[12].Voltage-based and reactive power-based D. IEEE New England description
trajectory sensitivities are utilized to confirm the
effectiveness of the planned strategy. This implemented The 39 Bus IEEE System is a simplified model of
system avoids running huge amount of repeated time- the high voltage transmission system in the northeast of the
domain simulations[11]. In this project, a bipolar VSC- U.S.A. It was discussed for the first time in 1970 and has
HVDC transmission system with a ±150kV DC link has since been used for scientific research and publications. His
been used to connect the offshore wind farm to the onshore paper describes the Power Factory model of the 39 Bus
power grid. The schematic single line diagram and the actual IEEE System and its parametric quantity as modeled by
layout modeled in DIgSILENT are shown in Fig. 6. Similar Digsilent [14]. Results of the steady-state analysis are
to the converter model used in the wind turbine with full calculated and plots generated from time-domain stability
converter, the offshore and onshore converters of VSC- simulations are shown as examples.The 39 Bus IEEE
HVDC have been using the built-in fundamental System consists of 39 buses, ten generators, nineteen loads,



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 thirty three lines and twelve transformers. Fig 6 The fault starts at 0.1 s and is cleared after 150 ms by
shows the single line diagram. It is a simplified a second event which removes the fault fig 11,12 The
model of the transmission system in the New results show that the offshore wind farm is not
England area in the northeast of the U.S.A.Frequency affected By the fault because the wind farm isolated
60 Hz and voltage level 345 kV are The nominal from the onshore power grid via the HVDC link. the
values of the system [15]. At a different voltage chopper resistors absorbed the out put power of the
level, the following rated voltages have been
presupposed for the system:
hybrid farm which cannot be transmitted to the on-
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Fig 6 . IEEE 39 Bus New England System

IV. OPTIMIZATION
Step1: assume the grid is infinite bus
Step2: select zero % pv and 100%wind turbine
Step3: calculate dynamic voltage stability.
Step4: go to the next scenario and re beat steps from 1to 3
Step5: select the best optimal sizing for the hybrid system .
Step6: select candidate buses which connect to generators in
the 39 new England system.
Step7:connect the optimal system for the first bus
Step 8: Calculate power system stability studies .
Step 9: Re beat for all candidate buses .
Step 10: select the best candidate based on results
Results showed that the optimal system consist of 30% pv
and 70% wind energy (135 MW PV and 315MW wind
energy) and the best candidate bus is 35.
The generator G6 replaced by offshore hybrid system (135
MW PV and 315MW wind energy).

V.STEADY STATE VOLTAGE PROFILE

The generator G6 replaced by offshore hybrid system (135
MW PV and 315MW wind energy).The results of load flow
calculation are given.The voltage magnitudes and angles
match exactly for all buses with the accuracy given in Fig.
8,9, The power and reactive power as shown in Fig.10.

VI. DYNAMIC STABILITY

A. Onshore Fault Fig 7. flowchart showed the optimal sizing and location of the selected system.
In case two a simulation of a short-circuit in the
onshore network is presented. The fault location is the
Line22-23 .

 

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In case two a simulation of a short-circuit in the
offshore network is presented. The RMS simulation method  (

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the node “Term b” situated in the detailed feeder. The fault
starts at 0.0s and cleared after 150 ms by opening the breaker
which connects the detailed feeder to the Sub A/A1 terminal. 

The results approve that the short-circuit can be handled

without tripping the HVDC connection. This is expected
because the fault sited in the medium-voltage network. The 

voltage drop at the HVDC AC terminal is not below 0.8 p.u.

due to the impedance of the three winding transformer fig 

(13,14,15,16). A controlled fault current supplied by The

wind turbines and PV in the faulted feeder even after the
feeder is disconnected (after 150 ms). Finally, the protection 

scheme isolates wind turbines and PV. The PV make an

important role during cut out wind speed it can supply 30%

from the expected out put which give more reliability to the 
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Fig 14. Wind turbine generator speed (8,11)


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 [2] M.D.Esteban, J.J.Diez, J.S.López, V. Negro "Why Offshore
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[6] M. Arif , F. Ahmad , R. Kashyap , T. K. Abdel- Galil " Evaluation
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and its impact in oil industry" Energy Reports, vol. 5, pp. 29-36
Fig 15. Output power of wind turbine (10,11,12,13)at offshore fault November 2019.
[8] I. A. Nassar, S.AlAli and H. Weber, "Effects of Increasing
Intermittent Generation on the frequency control of the European
Power System" 19th IFAC World Congress (IFAC WC 2014),
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[10] M. M. Samy, "Computation of electromagnetic fields around HVDC
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[11] "Country Analysis Brief: Egypt", U.S. Energy Information
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[12] International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), “Renewable
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A unique optimal system to harvest renewable energy is M.K. Elmorshedy And M. E.Helal, "Updating reactive power
implemented. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of compensation calculation required at Badr converter station in view
a methodology by linking offshore hybrid system directly of generation capabilities expected to be in service", CIGRE, vol. 4-
with HVDC link. Optimal sizing of the system has been 106, 2018.
discussed. The impacts of integration hybrid offshore [15] S.Q.Bu, W.Du and H.F.Wang ,“Investigation on Economic and
reliable operation of meshed MTDC/AC grid as impacted by
system have been discussed (steady-state and dynamic offshore wind farms,” IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, vol.32,
power system analysis). The impact on power system pp. 3901-3911, Dec.2016.
stability of integrating Hybrid offshore farms through VSC- [16] I.A. Nassar, S AlAli and H. Weber, "Effects of Increasing
HVDC link has been firstly investigated in consideration of Intermittent Generation on the frequency control of the European
Power System" 19th IFAC World Congress (IFAC WC 2014),
the voltage support capability of VSCHVDC. The August 24-29, 2014, Cape Town, South Africa
eigenvalue analysis showed that the system has less critical
[17] Y Huang, X Yuan, J Hu, P Zhou “Modeling of VSC connected to
electro mechanical oscillatory modes with Hybrid offshore weak grid for stability analysis of DC-link voltage control,” IEEE J.
farm connected to the power system via VSC-HVDC Emerge. vol. 3, Issue: 4 , Dec. 2015.
system. Optimal sizing of the system has been discussed. [18] Digsilent GmbH, “PWM Converter – Digsilent technical
This research work shows that installing hybrid offshore documentation”, March 2008.
Farm is more reliable, an offshore wind farm connected to
the power system via HVDC link because of the
complementary nature of the wind energy and solar energy .
which reduce the renewable energy penetration.
Acknowledgment
I would like to thank my Mom ,my wife Athar and my
pretty girl Karma for their love and constant support, for all
the late nights and early mornings, and for keeping me sane
over the past few months. Thank you for being my muse,
editor, proofreader, and sounding board. But most of all,
thank you for being my best friend. I owe you everything.
REFERENCES
[1] I. A. Nassar, K. Hossam and M. Abdella “Economic and environmental
benefits of increasing the renewable energy sources in the power
system,” Energy Reports, vol. 5, pp.1082-1088, November 2019.



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