Lesson 2

The Internet
The Internet or “net” (network of network) is the
largest computer network in the world that
connects billions of computer user. The word
internet comes from combination between
“interconnection” and “network”.

Network is a collection of computers and devices

connected via communication channels and
transmission media allow to share resources
(hardware, software, data, information).
Generally, nobody owns the internet.
 A. Brief History of Internet
• ARPA – Advanced Research Project Agency January 2, 1969 – started an
experimental computer network.
• Concept – No server, but equal importance/participation to every computer in
the network. Even if, one or two node destroyed that will now affect the
network.
• In 1982 the word internet started.
• 1986 – First “ free net” created in Case Western Reserve University
• 1991: US government allowed business agencies to connect to internet. Now all
people can connect to the internet and improve their life and work quality.
• Vinton Gray Cerf is an American Internet pioneer and is recognized as one of
"the fathers of the Internet", sharing this title with TCP/IP co-developer Bob
1. Servers – is a computer program that provides service to another
computer program and it’s user.
TYPES OF SERVERS
Proxy Server Mail Server Policy Server
Application File Server
Web Server is a software that is an appli- is a computer is a security
Server
a computer acts as an cation that responsible for component of a
a program in receives
program intermediary central storage and policy – based
computer that between an incoming e-mail management of network that
provides the that serves endpoint device, from local users data files so that provides
business requested such as computer and remote other computer on authorization
logic for an HTML and another senders and the same services and
application server from which forward outgoing facilities tracking
pages or e-mail for
network can
program. a user is access them. and control of
files. requesting. delivery files.

B. Major Components of the Internet

 2. IP Address
(Internet Protocol) –
is a numerical label
assigned to each
device. This provides
identity to a network
device.

3. Browser – is an application
program that provides a way to
look information
on the web.
4. Domain Name System (DNS) – is the phonebook
of internet. We access information online through
domain names.

Example of DNS:
ww.facebook.com,
www.pup.edu.ph,ww
w.academia.edu
Nae Entity
.com commercial
.org organization
.net network
.edu education
.gov National and
State Government
Agencies
.ph Philippines
.au Australia
5. Internet Service Provider (ISP) – is an organization that
provides services for accessing, using or participating in the
internet.
Two types of ISP:
National ISP – provided internet access to a specific
geographic area.
Regional ISP – business that provides internet access in
cities and towns nationwide.

Example of ISP: Sky Broadband, PLDT, Converge

C. USES OF INTERNET
• Look for information
• School works, jobs, and home purposes
• Send and receive electronic mail
• Video teleconferencing (video call, video
chat)
• Buy and sell product
• Social networking
• Watch & post videos
• Games
• Take college courses
• Monitor home while away
• Financial transactions
• Download music and movies
Internet Terms and Definition

• Internet - A global network of thousands of

computer networks linked by data lines and
wireless systems.
• Web – a collection of billions of webpages that
you can view with a web browser
• Email – the most common method of sending
and receiving messages online
• Social media – websites and apps that allow
people to share comments, photos, and videos
• Online gaming – games that allow people to play
with and against each other over the Internet
• Software updates – operating system and application
updates can typically downloaded from the Internet
• HTML - Hypertext Markup Language is a coding
language used to tell a browser how to place pictures,
text, multimedia and links to create a web page. When
a user clicks on a link within a web page, that link,
which is coded with HTML, links the user to a specific
linked web page.
• URL - Uniform Resource Locator is a web address used
to connect to a remote resource on the world wide
web.
Bit - is a single digit in the binary numbering system (base 2). For
example: 1 is a bit or 0 is a bit.
• Byte - generally consists of eight bits.
• Upload - To upload is to transfer data from your computer to another
computer.
• Download - To download is to transfer data from another computer
to your computer.
• HTTP - is the acronym for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, the data
communication standard of web pages. When a web page has this
prefix, the links, text, and pictures should work correctly in a web
browser.
• HTTPS - is the acronym for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure. This
indicates that the web page has a special layer of encryption added to
hide your personal information and passwords from others.
• Router or router-modem combination is the hardware device that
acts as the traffic cop for network signals arriving at your home or
business from your ISP. A router can be wired or wireless or both.
• Encryption - is the mathematical scrambling of data so that it is
hidden from eavesdroppers. Encryption uses complex math formulas
to turn private data into meaningless gobbledygook that only trusted
readers can unscramble.
• Web Bot - A term that applies to programs/applets (macros and
intelligent agents) used on the Internet. Such bots perform a
repetitive function, such as posting messages to multiple newsgroups
or doing searches for information.
• Search Engine - specialized software, such as Google and Yahoo,
that lets www browser users search for information on the web by
using keywords, phrases.