Quarter 1 Week 3

Science 9
HEREDITY:
INHERITANCE AND
VARATION
Blacky and Ebony are two black dogs. They were bred and produced
two puppies. What do you think are the colors of their puppies?

Blacky Ebony
Two cute black puppies were produced by Black and Ebony. Their
names are BJ and EJ.

BJ EJ
Blacky and Ebony were bred again and produced the same number of
puppies. What is the expected color of their puppies?

Blacky Ebony
This time Blackie and Ebony produced a black puppy and a brown
puppy. How is this possible?

JB JE
When JB got older, it was bred with Brownia. They produced four
lovely puppies named Blek, Brow, Nia, and Spoty. What do you think
are the colors of their puppies?

JB Brownia
These are JB and Brownia’s puppies. How is this possible?

Blek Brow Nia Spoty

Learning Competency

Explain the different

patterns of non Mendelian
inheritance( S9LT-Id-29).
Objectives
1. Explain the different patterns of non-Mendelian
inheritance.
2. Identify characters whose inheritance does not
conform with predicted outcomes based on Mendel’s
laws of inheritance.
3. Solve genetic problems related to incomplete
dominance, codominance and multiple alleles
4. Identify the law that was not strictly followed in the
non-Mendelian inheritance.
Definition of terms:
Genes - carry the information that determines your traits. They are
arranged , one after another , on structures called chromosomes.
They are passed from parents to offspring.

Source:
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A
%2F%2Fwww.stocklib.com%2Fmedia-1467252
3%2Fdrawing-of-a-chromosome-with-detail-of-d
na-structure-with-genes-colour-coded.html&psig
=AOvVaw12PbGGS1jnJQGCrR-TI10z&ust=160
3089490365000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=
0CAIQjRxqFwoTCKjFuv3DvewCFQAAAAAdAA
AAABAP
Definition of terms: Gene (Mother)
Alleles - one of two or
more versions of a gene.
An individual inherits two
alleles for each gene,
one from each parent.

Gene (Father)
Alleles
Definition of terms:
Homozygous - two alleles are the same

Example:
The gene for height is either made up of these two homozygous
alleles,

TT or tt
where,
TT is for a tall gene while tt is for the short gene.
Definition of terms:
Heterozygous - two alleles are different

Example:
The gene for height is made up of heterozygous alleles,

Tt
where,
Tt is a hybrid tall.
Definition of terms:
Phenotype - refers to the observable physical properties of an
organism
Examples:
Skin color, hair type, height, eye color, face shape, and etc.

Genotype - refers to the genetic makeup of an organism

Examples:
TT, Tt, or tt are genotypes for tall, hybrid tall, and short.
Definition of terms:
Punnett Square - is a square diagram that is used to predict the
genotypes of a particular cross or breeding experiment. It is named
after Reginald C. Punnett, who designed the approach.

● T is the allele for tall.

● T is the allele for short.
T t
● TT is a genotypes which T TT Tt
means tall.
● Tt is a genotype for
hybrid tall.
T TT Tt
Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance

A. Incomplete Dominance

A heterozygote shows a phenotype that is intermediate between the two

homozygous phenotypes. Neither allele is dominant over the other.
An example of incomplete dominance is flower color in four o’clock plant. When
a pure red-flowered four o’clock plant is crossed with a pure white flowered four
o’clock plant, the offspring will produce neither red nor white flowers. Instead, all
flowers will be pink.
Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance
A. Incomplete Dominance

Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/zK1vVFZNjcKrSReg8

Source:https://images.app.goo.gl/hM8zQ37cX5qnXk3x6
Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance
A. Incomplete Dominance

Phenotypic ratio:
All are pink
or
100% pink
Genotypic ratio:
All are RW
or
100% RW

Source:https://images.app.goo.gl/hM8zQ37cX5qnXk3x6
Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance
A. Incomplete Dominance

A cross between two

pink flowers:
Phenotypic ratio:
1 red:2 pink:1 white
or
R W 25% red, 50% pink, and 25% white

Genotypic ratio:
R
1 RR:2 RW:1 WW
or
25% RR, 50% RW, and 25% WW
W
Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance
Practice Exercise

1. Use a Punnett square to show the offspring of a cross

between a red Four O'clock flower and one that is
heterozygous. Give the phenotypes and genotypes of the
offspring.
2. Use a Punnett square to show the offspring of a cross
between a homozygous white Four O'clock flower and one
that is heterozygous pink. Give the phenotypes and
genotypes of the offspring.
Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance

B. Codominance

This results when one allele is not

dominant over the other. The resulting
heterozygotes exhibit the traits of both
parents.
A good example of codominance is
roan fur in cattle as shown below.
Cattle can be red (RR = all red hairs),
white (WW = all white hairs), or roan Source:https://images.app.goo.gl/VAbiCd3z8S9HzVwL9
(RW = red & white hairs together).
Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance
B. Codominance

A cross between a red cow and a white cow.

Phenotypic ratio:
All are roan
or
100% roan

Genotypic ratio:
All are RW
or
100% roan
Source:https://images.app.goo.gl/XHxjzzEZPqRhfYL59
 Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance
C. Multiple Alleles

Have more than two types of alleles available. This will also lead to more than two
phenotypes expressed.

Blood group system in humans, the ABO system, is an example of a character

governed by multiple alleles.

Source:
https://images.app.goo.gl/t
iNvpDp4PuCAF2We9
Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance
C. Multiple Alleles
Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance
C. Multiple Alleles

What are the possible blood types of the

children if the father is type A and the
mother is type B?

Father: Type A (IA IA ) or ( IA i )

Mother: Type B (IB IB ) or ( IB i )

Source:https://images.app.goo.gl/vPG9Gm12gzQkfr2d6
Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance
C. Multiple Alleles

Mother (B)

IB i
Therefore, the
possible blood
IA IAIB IAi
types of the
Father AB A children are
(A) type A, B, AB,
i IBi ii and O.
B O
Blacky and Ebony produced a black puppy and a brown puppy. How is this possible?

(Bb)
(Bb)
Black
Black

Blacky Ebony

JB (BB or Bb) JE (bb)

Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance
SUMMARY
Incomplete dominance shows a phenotype that is intermediate
between the two homozygous phenotypes. Neither allele is
dominant over the other.
Codominance results when one allele is not dominant over the
other. The resulting heterozygotes exhibit the traits of both parents.
Multiple alleles show more than two types of available alleles. This will
also lead to more than two phenotypes expressed.
Discussion:

What law was not follow in the

non-Mendelian inheritance?
Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance
Tell if the following shows an example of incomplete dominance, codominance, or
multiple alleles.
Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance
Tell if the following shows an example of incomplete dominance, codominance, or
multiple alleles.

Incomplete Dominance
Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance
Tell if the following shows an example of incomplete dominance, codominance, or
multiple alleles.
Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance
Tell if the following shows an example of incomplete dominance, codominance, or
multiple alleles.

Codominance
Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance
Tell if the following shows an example of incomplete dominance, codominance, or
multiple alleles.
Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance
Tell if the following shows an example of incomplete dominance, codominance, or
multiple alleles.

Multiple Alleles
Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance
Tell if the following shows an example of incomplete dominance, codominance, or
multiple alleles.
Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance
Tell if the following shows an example of incomplete dominance, codominance, or
multiple alleles.

Codominance
Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance
Tell if the following shows an example of incomplete dominance, codominance, or
multiple alleles.
Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance
Tell if the following shows an example of incomplete dominance, codominance, or
multiple alleles.

Incomplete dominance
Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance
Tell if the following shows an example of incomplete dominance, codominance, or
multiple alleles.
Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance
Tell if the following shows an example of incomplete dominance, codominance, or
multiple alleles.

Codominance
Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance
Tell if the following shows an example of incomplete dominance, codominance, or
multiple alleles.

Codominance
Thank you for attending our class.
See you next Monday for another
genetic exploration!