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The document is a worked example problem from a kinematics chapter about determining the position and acceleration of a car moving in a straight line. The car's velocity is given as a function of time. By taking the integral of velocity with respect to time, the car's position is found to be s = t3 + t2 when t = 3 seconds. The acceleration is determined by taking the derivative of velocity with respect to time, giving an acceleration of a = 6t + 2 when t = 3 seconds.

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56 views1 page

Ex 1

The document is a worked example problem from a kinematics chapter about determining the position and acceleration of a car moving in a straight line. The car's velocity is given as a function of time. By taking the integral of velocity with respect to time, the car's position is found to be s = t3 + t2 when t = 3 seconds. The acceleration is determined by taking the derivative of velocity with respect to time, giving an acceleration of a = 6t + 2 when t = 3 seconds.

Uploaded by

samir_ssh7151
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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10 C H A P T E R 12 K I N E M AT I C S OF A PARTICLE

12 EXAMPLE 12.1
The car on the left in the photo and in Fig. 12–2 moves in a straight
line such that for a short time its velocity is defined by
v = (3t2 + 2t) ft>s, where t is in seconds. Determine its position and
acceleration when t = 3 s. When t = 0, s = 0.

a, v
s

Fig. 12–2
(© R.C. Hibbeler)
SOLUTION
Coordinate System. The position coordinate extends from the fixed
origin O to the car, positive to the right.
Position. Since v = f(t), the car’s position can be determined from
v = ds>dt, since this equation relates v, s, and t. Noting that s = 0
when t = 0, we have*
ds
+ )
(S v = = (3t2 + 2t)
dt
s t
ds = (3t2 + 2t)dt
L0 L0
s t
s` = t3 + t2 `
0 0
s = t + t
3 2

When t = 3 s,
s = (3)3 + (3)2 = 36 ft Ans.
Acceleration. Since v = f(t), the acceleration is determined from
a = dv>dt, since this equation relates a, v, and t.
dv d
+ )
(S a= = (3t2 + 2t)
dt dt
= 6t + 2
When t = 3 s,
a = 6(3) + 2 = 20 ft>s2 S Ans.

NOTE: The formulas for constant acceleration cannot be used to solve


this problem, because the acceleration is a function of time.
*The same result can be obtained by evaluating a constant of integration C rather
than using definite limits on the integral. For example, integrating ds = (3t2 + 2t)dt
yields s = t3 + t2 + C. Using the condition that at t = 0, s = 0, then C = 0.

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