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Thermo Activity 1,2,3

The document discusses thermodynamics applications and processes. It provides examples of how a refrigerator works by using a refrigerant in a closed loop system involving phase changes from liquid to gas and back. The refrigerant absorbs heat from inside the refrigerator and releases it outside, allowing the inside to remain cool. It also discusses the thermodynamic processes involved in air conditioning and heating systems, including heat absorption and transfer between evaporator, compressor, condenser, and back to the evaporator.

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Karl Christian Fajardo
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93 views3 pages

Thermo Activity 1,2,3

The document discusses thermodynamics applications and processes. It provides examples of how a refrigerator works by using a refrigerant in a closed loop system involving phase changes from liquid to gas and back. The refrigerant absorbs heat from inside the refrigerator and releases it outside, allowing the inside to remain cool. It also discusses the thermodynamic processes involved in air conditioning and heating systems, including heat absorption and transfer between evaporator, compressor, condenser, and back to the evaporator.

Uploaded by

Karl Christian Fajardo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CARL AXEL M.

FAJARDO BSME – 2B

Activity 1
Create a graphic organizer in line with the development of Thermodynamics.
CARL AXEL M. FAJARDO BSME – 2B

Activity 2
Enumerate some applications of thermodynamics and discuss how it works and
how the energy is converted. Shown below is an example of your activity to be
done.

The conventional refrigerators operate following the


principles of the mechanical steam compression cycle. First,
the cycle is based on the process of changing the physical
state of the refrigerant fluid (from liquid to gas and vice
versa). These substances condense (become liquid) at high
pressures and evaporate (become gases) at low pressures.
The cold in cooling systems happens due to the change of
state of this liquid refrigerant fluid to gas. This process
depends on the work done by the compressor – which uses
mechanical energy to compress the refrigerant fluid from the
evaporator in the gas phase. With this compression, the
pressure and temperature of the refrigerant fluid increases.
When it enters the condenser, the refrigerant transfer the
heat to the environment, causing its temperature to
decrease and condensation occurs, which is the process of
phase change from gas to liquid. After that, the refrigerant
fluid passes through the control element – capillary tube or
expansion valve – which, by narrowing the passage, slows its
speed on the evaporator, causing its pressure to
decrease. The refrigerant fluid arrives on the liquid state and
under low pressure to the evaporator, during which it is
changing phase again, from liquid to gas. When you change
phase, it absorbs the heat present in the conditioned items in
the refrigerator case and returns to the compressor, restarting
the refrigeration cycle.

First, the heat is absorbed by the evaporator coil. The warm


air inside of the house is drawn in through a vent and blows
over the cold evaporator coil. The evaporator coil is the
station located indoors and absorbs heat from the air,
cooling the air. A fan blows the cold air into air ducts that
distribute it throughout the house. As the refrigerant absorbs
the heat from the passing air, it changes from a liquid state
to a gaseous state and continues to travel along the loop
system toward the compressor. Then, the compressor raises
the refrigerant temperature. The compressor decreases the
gas’ volume. Usually this is done by squeezing the gas tightly
between two solid objects. This raises the pressure and
temperature of the refrigerant, preparing it for the
condensing process. Next, the heat is transferred outside.
The refrigerant, now a superheated vapor, reaches the
condenser (which is located outdoors) and is exposed to the
outside air. The outside air absorbs the heat from the
refrigerant, lowering the temperature of the refrigerant and
changing the state from a gas back into a liquid. Lastly,
Refrigerant gets cold; process repeats. Once the heat from
the refrigerant is removed to the outdoors, the cold
refrigerant travels back indoors to the evaporator to repeat
the process over again. The process continues until the inside
temperature of your home reaches your desired level. At this
point, your thermostat tells your AC to shut off.
CARL AXEL M. FAJARDO BSME – 2B

Activity 3
Answer the following statements below. Determine what is being asked for in
the following statements. Write your answers on the blanks provided.

1. A large fraction of the thermal energy generated in the engine of a car is rejected to the air by the radiator
through the circulating water. Should the radiator be analyzed as a closed system or as an open system?
Explain.

- In the engine radiator, mass of hot fluid enters and interact with the cold air then after heat transfer
take place between these two fluids, that is why we can say that radiator is an open system. It
became necessity to use the radiator in all type of engine because it produces cooling effect to the
engine cylinder. If temperature of engine cylinder will become too high then it will leads to the high
thermal stresses and may be it will break the engine cylinder.

2. What is the difference between intensive and extensive properties?

- Intensive properties are bulk properties, which means they do not depend on the amount of matter
that is present. Examples of intensive properties include: Boiling Point, Density, State of Matter, Color,
Melting Point, Odor, Temperature, Refractive Index, Luster, Hardness, Ductility and Malleability.
Intensive properties can be used to help identify a sample because these characteristics do not
depend on the amount of sample, nor do they change according to conditions.
- While Extensive properties do depend on the amount of matter that is present. An extensive property
is considered additive for subsystems. Examples of extensive properties include: Volume Mass Size
Weight and Length. While extensive properties are great for describing a sample, they aren't very
helpful in identifying it because they can change according to sample size or conditions.

3. Is the weight of a system an extensive or intensive property?

- If we were to divide the system into smaller pieces, the weight of each piece would be smaller. So the
weight is an extensive property.

4. What is a quasi-equilibrium process? What is its importance in engineering?

- When a process proceeds in such a manner that system remains immeasurably close to an equilibrium
state at all the times, it is called quasi-equilibrium process.

- It has great importance in engineering because of two reasons:


1. Quasi-equilibrium process is easy to analyze.
2. Work producing device produces most of work when they operate in quasi-equilibrium.

5. Define the isothermal, isobaric, and isochoric processes.

- The prefix iso- is often used to designate a process for which a particular property remains constant.
An isothermal process, for example, is a process during which the temperature T remains constant; an
isobaric process is a process during which the pressure P remains constant and an isochoric process
is a process during which the specific volume v remains constant.

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