Ministry of Electricity

Power Distribution Office

Baghdad – Iraq

DESIGN AND CODE OF PRACTICE

OF
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
D – 48
(14m, 33Kv LATTICE STEEL POLE)

REVISION YEAR 2017

 Technical specification and design calculation of 14m, 33Kv double
lattice steel poles for double and single circuits overhead lines

1 – Double circuit:-
-The worst design condition is taken for suspension poles
when side body of the pole subjected to the wind effect.
-The design calculation of tension steel frame takes into
consideration the tension of cables and wind force in same
direction.
-Conductor tension is kept less than 50% of its U.T.S. ( i.e min.
factor of safety in respect of conductor tension should be 2 .
Calculation method:-

Suppose the ice coating thickness (t) = 1 mm

Weight of ice per unit length Wi= density of ice X volume of ice per unit length

Wi = Fice x vol. = 0.91 (π t (d+t)) L

Where d is the dia. of conductor.

= o.91 (π x 0.1cm (2.04cm + 0.1 cm)) x 100cm

= 61 g/m = 0.061 kgf/m

Wind force Ww = pressure x vol. = 75 kgf/m2 (d+2t)L

= 75kgf/m2 (0.0204m + (2x0.001m))x 1m

= 1.68 kgf/m

Tatal of weight Wt = ( + ) + ( )

= (0.854 + 0.061) + (1.68) = 1.9 kgf/m

m

. ( )
Sag of conductor S = = =0.73 m

(1 of 26)
(2 of 26)
The distance between conductors not less than 1.5m.

Double brackets should be fixed on tension steel frame.

The slant sag SsL makes an angle Ө with the vertical.

. .
Cos Ө= = = = 0.48
.

Ө= cos-1(0.48)
.
Ssl = = 1.5
.

Actual length of conductor between 2 poles Lact = 2(40+1.5)

Lact = 83m

Spacing between phases:-

S50c is the sag at 500c in m for max. electrical span

Max. elect. Span = 1.3 x basic span

.
S500c =

Wt500c = ( ) + ( )

= (0.854) + (75 0.0204 1)

= 1.75kgf/m
. ( . )
S500c = = 1.13

R = 0.85 + +

= 0.85√1.13 + 1+

= 1.46 m

Clearance to ground = 7.8m

(3 of 26)
where, Li : is the length of the suspension string in m and equals to
(1m) length of double suspension insulator string .

V : voltage in kilovolt

Projected area of the wind face of double lattice steel pole Ap = hxL

= 0.2m x 12m = 2.4m2

Projected area of the wind face of ACSR 210/35 mm2 conductor

Ac = (d+2t)xLact =(0.0204+2x0.001)m X83m = 1.86 m2

Wind pressure Pw = 1/2 ɲair V2s

Where, ɲ is the density of air

Pw = 1/2 x 1.22 kg/m3 x ( m/s)2= 0.922 KN/m2 for pole

.

Pw = 0.75 KN/m2 for conductors

Wind pressure for pole can also be obtained from Bs. 449, cp3.

Pw = 1 KN/m2

Moment acted on the I- section of the pole

Mp = fw pole x Lp

Where, Lp is the distance from center line to end of I-section of the pole.
Mp is the actual bending moment due to wind force on the pole.

Cross Section area of the pole at ground level

(4 of 26)
 = 0.922 KN/m2 x Ap x Lp

= 0.922 KN/m2 x (h.L) x6m

= 0.922 KN/m2 x (0.2m x 12m)x 6m

= 13.277 KN.m

Moment of inertia of the pole Isp = I0 + I1

.
I0 = = 2x +

. . .
= 2x + =1.38x10-6 m4

I1 = AD2

Where , D is the distance from center line of the pole to the

centroid of I-section .

= [ 2(t.b)+(h-2t)xs]D2

= [ 2(11.3x90)+(177.4x7.5)](255)2

= 218.8x106 mm4 = 218.8x10-6 m4

Isp = 2(1.38+218.8) x 10-6 = 440.3x10-6 m4

, .
Pole s Section modulus ( Zsp) = = = 1726.7x10-6 m3
.

Moment acted on the conductor

Mc = fWcond. X Lc

Where, Lc is the distance between the center line of conductors and

ground level.

= Pw x Ac x 6 x Lc

= 0.75 x 1.86 m2 x 6 x 9.31 m

= 77.92 KN.m

(5 of 26)
 Actual bending stress (Ơb) applying on the cross section of pole at
ground level.
. .
Ơb = = = 53N/mm2
.

for design purpose, consider Zsp = 863 x 10-6 m3

.
Ơb = = 106 N/mm2

Allowable stress (Ơa) from standards:

From DIN 17100 standard , for st-52 at t ≤ 16mm

Yield strength(Ơy) = 355 N/mm2

And from AISC standard, (American institute of steel construction)

Allowable strength Ơa = 0.66 Ơy = 0.66 x 355 = 234.3

Ơ
Stability factor of design (Ɣ) = ≥1
Ơ

.
= 2.2 Ɣ˃1

Tension steel frame :-

Mt = Mfw + Mc

=[Pwp(2xAp(Lp/2)+6xAchxLch)] + (6xTxLc)

= [0.922(2x2.3x5.75+6x(2.5x0.12)x9.94)] + (6x21x8.81)

= 41+1110 = 1151 KN.m

Where, Mfw is the moment of wind force which impacts the tension
frame body .

Mc is the moment applied on the frame due to tension of 6 cables .

Ach is the area of channel section (bracket).

Lch is the distance between the center line of channels

and the ground level .

Frame Section modulus (Zbf) = 2xZsp =2x1726.7x 10-6 = 3453.4x 10-6 m3

(6 of 26)
Actual bending stress Appling on the cross section of the frame at ground level (Ơbf).
.
Ơbf = = = 333.3 N/mm2
.

Actual bending stress applying on the tension steel frame Ơbf to be

checked with allowable stress Ơa of AISC standard.
Ơ .
Then, stability factor of design Ɣ= = = 0.7 Ɣ< 1
Ơ .

The case of cutting 6 cables is rarely happened, therefore

the tension steel frame design is acceptable.

NOTE: - The planting depth of lattice poles of tension steel frame is 2.5m,
while the planting depth of suspension poles along the whole
overhead line is 2m.

Comparison between IPN and IPE section:-

I dimension Weight Moment Moment of Jay-

Section Per Of inertia resistance ration
h b s t
Beam unit Ix Section radius
mm mm mm mm Length modulus Zx cm
type Cm4
Kgf/m cm3
IPN 200 90 7.5 11.3 26.3 2142 214 1.87

IPE 200 100 5.6 8.5 22.4 1943 194 2.24

A ) if IPN section of double lattice susp. Pole is replaced by

IPE section , then:
The moment inertia of the pole I-sp = I-0 + I-1
.
I-0 = =2 +

. . .
= 2x + = 1.4 x 10-6 m4

(7 of 26)
 I-1 = AD2

= [2(8.5x100) + (183x5.6)] x2502 = 170.3 x 10-6 m4

-
I sp = 2(1.4 + 170.3) x 10-6 = 343.4 x10-6 m4

- .
Z sp = = = 1373.6 x 10-6 m3
.

- ( . . )
Ơb= = = 66.4 N/mm2
.

-
for design purpose , consider Z sp = 687 x 10-6 m3

- .
Ơ b= = 133 N/mm2

from standards, Ơ a = 234.3 N/mm2

.
Ɣ= = 1.76

Therefore, IPE section can be used as an alternative for suspension

poles.

B ) if IPN section of double lattice poles of tension steel frame is

replaced by IPE section , then:
- -
Z bf = 2 x Z sp = 2 x 1373.6 = 2747.2 m3
- - .
Ơ bf = Mtot /Z bf = = 419 N/mm2
.

.
Ɣ= = 0.58 Ɣ<1

Therefore, IPE section poles are not suitable for tension frame .

( 8 of 26)
2) Single circuit:
.
S= = 1.13 m

.
Cos Ө = = 0.48
.

.
SsL = = 2.4 m
.

Lact = 2(50+2.4) = 104.8 m

. .
S500c = = 1.76 m

R = 0.85 √1.76 1 + = 1.63 m

Clearance to ground = 8.4 m

Suspension pole of single circuit overhead line

(9 of 26)
Wind moment acted on side body of the suspension pole for single circuit:

M = 13.7 + 2(0.75 x 1.86 x 8.41) + (0.75 x 1.86 x 11.23) = 52.4 KN.m

Tension steel frame :-

Zbf = 3453.4 x10-6 m3

Mtot = Mfw + Mc

= 0.922 (2(0.2x11.5)m2x 5.75m + 2.5m x 0.12m x 9.44m

+1.3x0.12mx11.44m))+(21KNx10.31m+2x21 KNx8.31m)

= 32.9 + 565.5 = 598.4 KN.m

. .
Ơbf = =
.

= 173.3 N/mm2
.
Ɣ= = 1.4
.

Ɣ>1

Tension steel frame of single circuit overhead line

(10 of 26)
Calculation of numbers of suspension poles between 2 tension steel
frames :-

Weight span = 1.5 x basic span

For double circuit:

Suppose the total length is 1000 m .

No. of poles = = = 8.3 = 8 susp.poles
.

Distance between 2 tension steel frames = 9x80m =720 m

For single circuit:

Suppose the total length is 1400 m.

No. of suspension poles = = 9.3 = 9 susp.poles

.

Distance between 2 tension steel frames = 10x100m =1000 m

(11 of 26)
References:
1: IEC 1089-91, conductors steel - reinforced (ACSR aluminum) .
2- BS.449.cp3,chapter v,loading,part 1 (deal and imposed loads) .
3- DIN17100, steel grade classification and chemical composition
of the steel.
4- BS.4360 HR steel for general engineering purposes.
5- BS. 4848 part 2.
6- D-46,technical specification of lattice steel poles. Revision 2012
7- ‫ﺗوزﯾﻊ ﻛﮭرﺑﺎء اﻟﻣﺣﺎﻓظﺎت‬/‫اﻟﻣواﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻘدﯾﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻣؤﺳﺳﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻛﮭرﺑﺎء‬
Tender specification for supply (9&11) m steel lattice poles with
cross-arms.
8-٢٠٠٩ ‫اﻟطﺑﻌﮫ اﻻوﻟﻰ‬، ‫ اﻟﻣﮭﻧدس ﻣﺣﻣد ﻋﺑد اﻟرﺿﺎ اﻟﺷﻣري‬،‫ﺧواص وﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻣواد‬
9- power system ,mechanical design of overhead line .
10- D-43, technical specification of medium span-double circuit
33&11kv lattice steel towers, revision 2006.
11- AISC, American institute for steel construction.
12- German specification VDE 0211.

(12 of 26)
 ‫اﻻﻋﻣﺎل اﻟﻣدﻧﯾﺔ‬
‫‪ -‬أن ھذه اﻟدراﺳﺔ اﻋﺗﻣدت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧواص ﺗرﺑﺔ ﻣﻌﯾﻧﺔ ﺑﻣواﺻﻔﺎت ﻛﺛﺎﻓﺔ وزاوﯾﺔ اﺣﺗﻛﺎك داﺧﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺣددة وﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺄن اﺑﻌﺎد اﻟﻘواﻋد اﻟﻛوﻧﻛرﯾﺗﯾﺔ ﺗﻣﺛل اﻗﺗراﺣﺎ ﻏﯾر ﻣﻠزﻣﺎ ﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل‬
‫وﺟود ﻣواﺻﻔﺎت ﺗرﺑﺔ اﺧرى ﯾﺗم اﻋﺗﻣﺎد اﺑﻌﺎد ﻗواﻋد ﻛوﻧﻛرﯾﺗﯾﺔ اﺧرى ‪.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﯾﺗم ﺻب ﺣﻠﯾﺔ ﻛوﻧﻛرﯾﺗﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻣود ) ‪ ( Pole s concrete collar‬ﺑﺳﻣك ‪٤٠‬ﺳم وﻓق اﻻﺑﻌﺎد اﻟﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻋﻣود اﻟﺗﻌﻠﯾق ) ‪ ( ٦٠ /١٠٠‬ﺳم‬
‫‪ -٢‬رﻛﯾزة اﻟﺷد )‪ (١٤٠ /١٠٠ ) (tension steel frame‬ﺳم ‪ ،‬وﺗﺛﺑت ﻛﺎﻓﺔ رﻛﺎﺋز اﻟﺷد اﻟﺣدﯾدﯾﺔ ﺑﺳﻠك ﺷداد ﺣدﯾدي‬
‫)‪(stay wire‬وﻛﻣﺎ ﻣوﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻟرﺳم ادﻧﺎه‬
‫‪ -‬ﯾﺗم ﻓرش طﺑﻘﺔ ﻣن اﻟﺣﺻﻰ اﻟﺟﻠﻣود ﺗﺣت اﻟﻘﺎﻋدة اﻟﻛوﻧﻛرﯾﺗﯾﺔ ﻗﺑل اﻋﻣﺎل اﻟﺻب ‪.‬‬
‫‪Soil properties:‬‬
‫‪ᶲ‬‬ ‫‪internal angle of friction = 30 degree‬‬
‫‪ɣ soil density = 18 kn‬‬
‫‪Ka= (1-sin ᶲ) / (1+sin ᶲ) = 0.33‬‬
‫‪Kp= (1+sin ᶲ) / (1-sin ᶲ) = 3‬‬
‫‪Ea= 0.5 * ɣ *ka* H2‬‬
‫‪Ep= 0.5 * ɣ *kp* H2‬‬

‫)‪(13 0f 26‬‬
 Materials properties :

Materials

Aggregates for the base and wearing courses shall be -

approved by the Owner

Coarse aggregate shall consist of clean gravel, screened

Fine aggregate shall consist of clean natural sand, free

from organic

- Cements

The cements shall comply with all the requirements

international Standards latest edition. Sulphate resisting
cement shall be used for concrete

-concrete mix

Cement 350 kg

Fine aggregate 0.43

Coarse aggregate 0.85

Density 2200 kg/cm3

(14 of 26)
 Calculation Of Foundation Stability for certain case of soil

- d: The depth in the ground

- L: the length of foundation
- b: The width of the foundation
-wind speed to be 140 km/h
- Soil properties:
Density = 18 kn
Internal friction angle =30 degree
Density of concrete = 2200 kg/m3

Soil bearing capacity = 7 ton /m2

The ultimate overturning moment (M) at ground level of this foundation

shall be calculated :
Factor of safety = forces resisting the overturning
forces causing overturning
The units being:

- For (L,b,d) in meters (m)

Taking moment (M) at the concrete base regarding the forces resisting the overturning and
the forces causing overturning with required factor of safety

Forces causing overturning :

1.Wind load

2.Tension forces due to conductors and wind

Forces resisting overturning

1.Pasive force in soil calculating from

2.The concrete block foundation + weight of poles and channels

Solving the equation above for this type of soil to get the suggested dimensions for this certain
case of soil.

(15 of 26)
 Tensile from wires due

tension and wind

Wind load

Weight of concrete

And poles

Ea Ep

(16 of 26)
 ‫رﻛﯾزة ﺷد )ﺧط ﻣزدوج( ﺑداﯾﺔ وﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ‬

Soil properties and forces:

Ka= 0.33
2
Kp=3

Ea=20 Kn
2.6
Ep=183 kn

Weight of steel poles :

3.5
790 kg x 2 poles = 1580

Weight of steel c section

2.5X13kg X 6 piece =195 kg

Assume the dimension ( 3.5/2/2.6)

Weight of concrete foundation = 400.4 kn

Moment from Forces resist overturning:

(183X0. 78) +( 400.4 X1.75 )+(17.75 X1.75) = 874.5

Moment from Forces cause overturning:

Tension Weight of conductor = 6X0.915 kg X720 m = 39.528 kn

Wind load total moment on the steel pole and channels frame = 41 kn.m

F.O.S= 874.5

(39.528X13) +41 + (20 X0.78)

F.O.S =874.5 / 570.5 = 1.53 ok

__ For bonding purpose between the steel pole

And the concrete base a steel mesh of steel bars

With 10 mm diameter and a spacing 25 cm both direction

Must be add 50 cm from the top of foundation and bond tightly with pole

(17 of 26)

Steel mesh
 ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﺣﻣل ﻟرﻛﯾزة )ﺧط ﻣزدوج( ﺑداﯾﺔ وﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ‬
Bearing capacity of soil assume 7 ton/m2
-Total vertical weights:
1-1580 kg poles weight
2-195 kg channels weight
3-100 kg live load
4- 40,040 weight of foundation
5-weight of conductors: 348 kg
Total weight = 42203 kg / foundation area (7 m2)
= 6.03 ton/ m2 less than 7 ton/m2 o.k

(18 of 26)
 ‫رﻛﯾزة )ﺧط ﻣزدوج( وﺳطﯾﺔ‬

Soil properties and forces:

Ka= 0.33
1.5
Ea=20 Kn
Kp=3
2.6
Ep=182.5 kn

Weight of steel poles :

2.5
790 kg X 2 = 1580
Weight of steel c section
2.5X13kg X 4 piece =130 kg
Assume the dimension ( 2.6/2.5/1.5)
Weight of concrete foundation = 214.5 kn
Moment from Forces resist overturning:
(182.5X0.78) +( 214.5 X1.25)+(17.1 X1.25) = 431.85
Moment from Forces cause overturning:
Tension due to conductors = 3X0.915 kg X500 m =1372.5 = 13.72kn
Wind load total moment on the steel pole and channel frame = 33 kn
F.O.S= 431.85
(13.72X13) +33 + (20 X0.78)

F.O.S =431.85/226.96=1.9 ok
For bonding purpose between the steel pole
And the concrete base a steel mesh of steel bars
With 10 mm diameter and a spacing 30 cm both direction
Must be add 50 cm from the top of foundation and bond tightly with pole 1m

2m

(19 of 26)
 ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯾﺔ ﺗﺣﻣل اﻟﺗرﺑﺔ ﻟرﻛﯾزة )ﺧط ﻣزدوج( وﺳطﻲ‬

Bearing capacity of soil assume 7 ton/m2

-Total vertical weights:

1-1580 kg poles weight

2-195 kg channels weight

3-100 kg live load

4- 28600 kg weight of foundation

5- Weight of conductors: 576 kg

Total weight = 31051kg / foundation area (5 m2)

= 6.2 ton/ m2 less than 7 ton/m2 o.k

(20 of 26)
 (‫ﻋﻣود ﺗﻌﻠﯾق )ﺧط ﻣزدوج‬

Soil properties and forces:

Ka= 0.33
1

Kp=3

Ea=13 Kn
2.1

Ep=119 kn

Weight of steel poles :

1.2

790 kg = 790

Weight of steel c section 4 inch

2X10.6kg X 6 piece =127.2 kg

Assume the dimension ( 1/2.1/1.2)

Weight of concrete foundation = 55.44 kn

Moment from Forces resist overturning:

(119X0.63) +( 55.44 X0.6 )+(9.17 X0.6) = 113.736

Moment from Forces cause overturning:

Wind load total moment on steel poles and conductors =91.2 kn.m

F.O.S= 113.736

91.2 + (13 X0.63)

F.O.S =113.736 / 99.39= 1.14 ok

(21 of 26)
 ‫رﻛﯾزة ﺷد )ﺧط ﻣﻔرد( ﺑداﯾﺔ وﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ‬

Soil properties and forces:

Ka= 0.33
1.5
Ea=20 Kn 2

Kp=3
2.6
Ep=182.5 kn

Weight of steel poles:

3
790 kg X 2 = 1580

Weight of steel c section

2.5X13kg X 4 piece =130 kg

Assume the dimension ( 2.6/3/1.5)

Weight of concrete foundation = 257.4 kn

Moment from Forces resist overturning:

(182.5X0.78) +( 257.4X1.5 )+(17.1 X1.5) =554.1

Moment from Forces cause overturning:

Tension due conductors = 3X0.915 kg X1000 m =2745 = 27.45kn

Wind load total moment on the steel pole and channels frame = 33 kn.m

F.O.S= 554.1

(27.45X13) + 33 + (20 X0.78)

F.O.S = 554.1 / 405.45 = 1.4 ok

For bonding purpose between the steel pole

And the concrete base a steel mesh of steel bars

With 10 mm diameter and a spacing 30 cm both direction

Must be add 50 cm from the top of foundation and bond tightly with pole

( 22 of 26 )

Steel mesh
 ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯾﺔ ﺗﺣﻣل اﻟﺗرﺑﺔ ﻟرﻛﯾزة ﺳﻧﻛل ﻻﯾن ﺑداﯾﺔ وﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ‬
Bearing capacity of soil assume 7 ton/m2

-Total vertical weights:

1-1580 kg poles weight

2-100 kg channels weight

3-100 kg live load

4- 25740 kg weight of foundation

5- Weight of conductors 197 kg

Total weight = 27717 kg / foundation area (4.5 m2)

= 6.16 ton/ m2 less than 7 ton/m2 o.k

(23 of 26)
 ‫رﻛﯾزة ﺷد )ﺧط ﻣﻔرد( وﺳطﯾﺔ‬

Soil properties and forces:

Ka= 0.33
1.5
Ea=20 Kn

Kp=3
2.6
Ep=182.5 kn

Weight of steel poles :

2.5
790 kg X 2 = 1580

Weight of steel c section

2.5X13kg X 4 piece =130 kg

Assume the dimension ( 2.6/2.5/1.5)

Weight of concrete foundation = 214.5 kn

Moment from Forces resist overturning:

(182.5X0.78) +( 214.5 X1.25)+(17.1 X1.25) = 431.85

Moment from Forces cause overturning:

Tension due to conductors = 3X0.915 kg X500 m =1372.5 = 13.72kn

Wind load total moment on the steel pole and channel frame = 33 kn

F.O.S= 431.85

(13.72X13) +33 + (20 X0.78)

F.O.S =431.85/226.96=1.9 ok

For bonding purpose between the steel pole

And the concrete base a steel mesh of steel bars

With 10 mm diameter and a spacing 30 cm both direction

Must be add 50 cm from the top of foundation and bond tightly with pole 1m

2m

(24 of 26 )
 ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯾﺔ ﺗﺣﻣل اﻟﺗرﺑﺔ ﻟرﻛﯾزة )ﺧط ﻣﻔرد( وﺳطﻲ‬
Bearing capacity of soil assume 7 ton/m2

-Total vertical weights:

1-1580 kg poles weight

2-100 kg channels weight

3-100 kg live load

4- 21450 kg weight of foundation

5-Weight of conductors 348kg

Total weight = 23578 kg / foundation area (4.5 m2)

= 5.2 ton/ m2 less than 7 ton/m2 o.k

(25 of 26)
 (‫ﻋﻣود ﺗﻌﻠﯾق )ﺧط ﻣﻔرد‬

Soil properties and forces:

Ka= 0.33
0.7

Kp=3

Ea=13 Kn
2.1

Ep=119 kn

Weight of steel poles :

0.9

790 kg = 790

Weight of steel c section 4 inch

2X10.6kg X 3 piece =63.6 kg

Assume the dimension ( 0.9/2.1/0.7)

Weight of concrete foundation = 29.1 kn

Moment from Forces resist overturning:

(119X0.63) +( 29.1 X0.45 )+(8.5 X0.45) = 91.89

:Moment from Forces cause overturning

Wind load total moment on the steel pole and conductors = 52.4 kn.m

F.O.S= 91.89

52.4+ (13 X0.63)

F.O.S =91.89 /60.6= 1.5 ok

(26 of 26)