EDUC 304 Guidance and Counseling

Ms. CARMELITA B. SANGA, RGC

 LEARNING EPISODES

A. Explain the Nature, Meaning

and Scope of Guidance

B. Foundations of Guidance
1. Philosophy
2. Psychology
3. Biology
4. Anthropology
5. Sociology
C. History and Development of
Guidance
1. Pseudoscientific Techniques in
Guidance
2. Guidance, The Result of Scientific
Study
3. The Status of Guidance
• Guidance in the U.S.

• Europe

• Philippines

4. RA 9258
C. Guidance within Education

1. Differentiation of Guidance from Education,

Counselling, and Psychotherapy

2. Place and role of Guidance in Education

E. The roles, characteristics, and functions

of various guidance personnel

F. Guidance services, tools and techniques

1. The Basic Guidance Services
a. Meaning and description
b. Scope
c. Services
d. Methods and Techniques
G. Organizing a Guidance Program

Basic Philosophy of Organization and

Administration

H. Homeroom Guidance

1. The Classroom Teacher’s Role in Guidance

2. Ways Teachers can Help the Students

3. The Preventive Objective of Guidance in the

Classroom

4. Guidance Resources for the Teacher

5. Home, School, and Community Collaboration

MIDTERM

A. The nature, meaning, importance and

scope of counseling in schools
B. Classifications of Counseling
C. Factors that Influence the
Counseling Process
D. The Basic Process of Counseling
E. The Roles of the Values Education
Teacher as an Agent in Counseling
F. Facilitating Skills in Counseling
● Attending Skills
● Influencing Skills
G. Ethical Consideration in Counseling
FINAL EXAMINATION

FINAL COURSE OUTPUT Portfolio

OBJECTIVES Autobiography Portfolio is a

compilation of a person’s experiences and
account of the life of the person. This also
includes the good and not so pleasant things that
had happen in his/her life. Future plans and
aspirations in life will also be part of the said
portfolio.
 DESCRIPTION OF THE COURSE
This is an introductory course in guidance and
counseling designed to give the students a general
overview of School Counseling and to develop
responsible and effective individuals. It will provide
sufficient orientation for the students to demonstrate
research-based content knowledge on the nature,
methods, and techniques of guidance, the basic
guidance services, and the qualifications, roles, and
functions of the various guidance personnel. It also
highlights basic facilitating skills in counseling that suit
the learners’ gender, needs, strengths, interests and
unique experiences.
 Nature, Meaning and
Scope of Guidance
Guidance touches every aspect of an
individual’s personality—physical, mental,
emotional, and social. It is concerned with
all of an individual’s attitudes and behavior
patterns. It seeks to help the individual
integrate all his activities, using his basic
potentialities and environmental
opportunities.
 Nature of Guidance
1. Guidance is education itself. It aims at
educating the individual for
understanding himself, unfolding his
potentialities to the maximum so that he
may eventually prove himself to be an
adjusted and progressive member of the
community
2. Guidance is a process. It is a
process that enables an individual in
discovering himself in the most
satisfying and positive manner.

3. Guidance is a continuous process.

It is a dynamic and a non-stop process.
In this process, an individual
understands himself, learns to
maximize his own capacities, interests
and other abilities.
4. Guidance is related with life. It is related
to human life, its problems and challenges and
how to face them. Guidance helps people to
live a balanced and tension free-life with full
satisfaction under the circumstances.

5. Guidance is self-direction. The nature of

Guidance is not to thrust itself on an
individual. It does not make choices for him
for the ultimate purpose of guidance is to
guide the individual in directing himself,
making his own choices, fixing his own
life-goals and carrying his own burden.
6. Guidance is individual-centered.
The focus of all guidance program is
the individual who need to manage
himself today and tomorrow by a
healthy alignment of individual desires
and aspiration with socially desirable
good.

7. Guidance is a qualified, complex

and organized service. Guidance is
catered by qualified and trained
personnel. Hence, guidance is a
skill-involved process.
8. Guidance is based
on individual
differences. The fact
that individuals
differ significantly,
forms the basis of
Guidance.
9. Universality of guidance.
Guidance is for all. Every person
needs guidance at all the stages of
life situations from childhood to
old age.

10. Guidance is making potential

actual. Guidance program aid the
individual in the discovery of a
hidden potential individual for his
own benefit that of the community.
11. Preparation for future. The process of guidance is helpful in
preparing a person for his future in terms of career and vocation.

12. Modification of Behavior. Guidance helps the persons in his

adjustment in different situations and to modify one’s behavior as
the situation warrants.
Meaning of Guidance

“Guidance is a means of helping individuals to

understand and use wisely the educational, vocational
and personal opportunities they have or can develop and
as a form of systematic assistance whereby students
are aided in achieving satisfactory adjustment to school
and to life.”
 Scope of Guidance
Vocational guidance - it is a process of assisting the
individual to choose an occupation, prepare for it, and
enter and progress in it.

Educational guidance – Educational guidance has to do

with the success of the pupil in his career. It deals with
how to study, using the common tools of learning,
adjusting to school life to other activities, regularly
attending to school tasks, learning how to take an
examination, taking notes, learning to speak to a group,
using library facilities, and making important educational
decisions.
Recreational guidance - refers to a
wide range of activities that
harmonizes with educational and
vocational guidance. There are a great
many different kinds of recreation
among which, individuals must choose,
which will claim part of their leisure
time. In this, the problem with which
the individual is confronted is that of
choosing suitable forms of recreation
and the apportionment of time among
the different activities.
Civic guidance - This is often combined “social” or “moral” guidance. It is
a process of helping the individual to choose, prepare for, enter and
progress in civic activities that are suited to his personal aptitudes,
interests, and other traits. The obligation rests equally upon all to observe
the laws, to show respect for constituted authority, to live peaceably with
his neighbors, to vote honestly and intelligently, to bear arms in defense of
his country if necessary, and to perform other common duties expected of
good citizen.
Community Service guidance -
There is another group of human
activities often associated in the
minds of any with good citizenship –
unpaid community-service activities.
They involve more than the conformity
with the common activities of a static
society. They are concerned with
improving existing conditions and are
extremely varied in character.
Churches, women’s and men’s club
parent-teacher associations, the Red
Cross, community fund drives,
activities of political groups – all call
for workers who serve without pay.
Social and Moral guidance - Morality is a matter
of knowledge, attitudes, and habits that act through
all of life’s activities. Acceptable social behavior
likewise results from knowledge, attitudes, and
habits that find expression in all of one’s
relationships with his fellows.

Health guidance – The problem confronting our

society now and the whole world is our health. People
should be aware of the different environment
hazards and new diseases from an unknown causes
that kills a lot of people. Proper nutrition, exercise,
and hygiene should be given attention.
Leadership guidance - Jones
considers the following essentials in
leadership guidance: keeping clearly in
mind that leaders differ from one
another; devising methods by which we
can discover early those who will
probably develop into an outstanding
leader; developing methods by which
these leaders may be guided and
trained.
 FOUNDATIONS OF GUIDANCE
The Field of Philosophy has two major
concerns: mind – body questions and human
nature

Mind-body question sees individuals

holistically.

Questions of how much of behavior was

learned or acquired through experience with
the environment and how much of it was
instinctual or not learned.
MATERIALISM

Humans were entirely physical. Materialism holds that the only

thing that can be truly proven to exist is matter. Thus, according to
Materialism, all things are composed of material and all phenomena
are the result of material interactions, with no accounting of spirit
or consciousness.
MECHANISM

Human beings were slaves to nature and like machines, they could be
known totally and completely. Mechanism is the belief that natural
wholes (principally living things) are like complicated machines or
artifacts, composed of parts lacking any intrinsic relationship to
each other.
 POSITIVISM

concentrated on natural phenomena

or facts that were objectively
observable.
Educational – this
field of study is
concerned with
theories of the
relationship between
learning and human
growth and
development.
Social – deals with the impact
of social situations on
individuals and their behavior.
It helps to explain the actions
of a person in relation to other
persons and the different
interpersonal behavior events
BIOLOGY
Helps understand the organism and its
uniqueness.

It explains the vital process of human

beings which impacts on their thoughts,
feelings, behaviors, plans and goals, social
relationships and more areas which
counselors must attend to, if assistance is
to be holistic.

Biology provides counselors with insights

into the cultures of peoples, cultures that
in turn provide guidelines for the
behaviors & viewpoints of their members.
It helps counselors to understand human groups and their influence on human behavior.

It focuses on understanding social rules & process that connect & separate people not
only as individuals, but as members of associations, groups, & institutions.
Sociology is the study of
the social life of individuals,
groups and societies. It is
concerned with all kinds of
group activities, economic,
social, political and religious.