Stringsnotes PDF

StringsNotes.
java 1/20/2016 9:37 PM
1 Lecture Notes
2 K.Yellaswamy
3 Assistant Professor
4 CMR College of Engineering & Technology
5
6 Building Strings and Exploring String Class:
7 --------------------------------------------
8
9
10 The String class
11 -------------------
12 String: A String is a sequence of characters.
13
14 ex:- name,address,creditcard no,etc..,
15 In java,Any string is object of String class.
16 ->String is not a character array.
17
18 The String class has 11 constructors and more than
40 methods.
19
20 create String object:-
21 --------------------
22 1.We can declare a String type variable and
initialize it directly with a group of characters.
23 ex:- String st = "yellaswamy";
24 2.We can create a String object using new operator
and pass a group of characters to the object.
25 ex:- String s1 = new String("Ashok");
26 3.We can create a character array into a string by
passing it to the String object.
27 ex:- char arr[] = {'K','s','w','a','m','y'};
28 String s2 = new String(arr);
29 ex:- String s3 = new String(arr,1,4);
30 o/p: swamy
31
32 Ex1:
K.Yellaswamy|Assistant Professor|CMRCET
StringsNotes.java 1/20/2016 9:37 PM
33 class Test
34 {}{
35 public static void main(String... args)
36 {}{
37 //create a String object or constructing a String
38 //1.We can declare a String type variable and
initialize it directly with a group of characters.
39 String str1="Yellaswamy";
40 System.out.println(str1);
41
42 //2.We can create a String object using new
operator and pass a group of characters to the
object.
43 String str2=new String("Ashok");
44 System.out.println(str1);
45
46 //3.We can create a character array into a string
by passing it to the String object.
47
48 char arr[] =
'K','y','e','l','l','a','s','w','a','m','y'};
{}{
49 String s1 = new String(arr);
50 System.out.println(s1);
51 String s2 = new String(arr,1,10);
53 }
54 }
55
56 output:
57
58 D:\Yellaswamy_ClassNotes\Strings>javac Test.java
59
60 D:\Yellaswamy_ClassNotes\Strings>java Test
61 Yellaswamy
62 Yellaswamy
63 Kyellaswamy
64 yellaswamy
65
66 D:\Yellaswamy_ClassNotes\Strings>
67 --------------------------------------------
68 Types of Obejcts:-
69 There are 2 types.
70 1.Mutable
71 2.Immutable
72 1.Mutable:-
73 A mutable object is an object where content can
be modified.
74 2.Immutable:-
75 An immutable object is an object whose content
can not be modified.
76
77 =>String objects are immutable.its contents cannot
be changed.
78
79
80 String class methods:-
81 --------------------
82 String class belongs to java.lang package.
83 1.String concat(String str):-
84 concatenates the calling string with str.
85 note:- '+' will also do the same.
86 ex:- String s1="hydera"; String s2 = "bad";
87 String s3 = s1.concat(s2);
88 o/p: hyderabad
89 2.int length():-
90 Returns the length of the string.
91 String s1 = "Vijayawada";
92 int n = s1.length();
93 3.char charAt(int i):-
94 It extracts only one character from given
String.That character at the same ith
place.
95 4.int compareTo(String str):- (case sensitive)

96 (or)
97 int compareToIgnoreCase(String str):- (case
insensitive)
98 They are used to compare two strings.
99 5.boolean equals(String str):- (case sensitive)
100 (or)
101 boolean equalsIgnoreCase(String str):- (case
insensitive)
102 It returns true if the calling string equals to
str.
103 6.boolean startsWith(String prefix):-
104 It returns true if the calling string starts
with prefix(begins)
105 prefix - sub string (or) not.
106 7.boolean endsWith(String suffix):-
107 It returns true if the invoking string ends
with suffix.
108
109 Note:- The above two methods use case sensitive
comparison.
110 8.int indexOf(String str):-
111 It returns the position number of substring in
the main String.So we have to pass
substring.
112 It returns the first occurance of str in the
string.
113 EX:- "This is a book"
114 int n = str.indexOf("is");
115 o/p :- n = 2
116 9.int lastIndexOf(String str):-
117 It returns last Occurance in the string.
118 10.String replace(char oldchar,char newchar):-
119 It returns a new String that is obtained by
replacing all characters of 'oldchar' in string
with 'newchar'.
120
121 11.String substring(int beginIndex):-
122 It ruturns a new String consisting of all
characters from beginindex until the end of the
String.
123
124 12.String substring(int beginIndex,int endIndex):-
125 It returns a new String consisting all
characters from beginindex until
endindex(exclusive).
126
127 13.String toLowerCase():-
128 It converts all characters into lowercase and
returns.
129
130 14.String toUpperCase():-
131 IT converts all characters into uppercase and
returns.
132
133 15.String trim():-
134 It eleminates all leading and trailing spaces.
135 ---------------------------------------------------
---
136 StringBuffer Objects are mutable.
137
138 Creating StringBuffer objects:-
139 -----------------------------
140 1.StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("hello");
141 2.StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(50);
142 3.StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
143
144 java.lang.StringBuffer methods:-
145 -------------------------------
146 1)StringBuffer append(x):-
147 x may be int,float,double,char,String (or)
StringBuffer.It will be appended to the
calling StringBuffer.
148 2)StringBuffer insert(int offset,x):-
149 x may be int,float,double,char,String (or)
StringBuffer.It will be inserted into the
StringBuffer at offset.
150 3)StringBuffer delete(int start,int end):-
151 Removes the characters from start to end
position.
152 4)StringBuffer reverse():-
153 It reverses the all characters in the
StringBuffer.
154 5)String toString():-
155 Converts the StringBuffer into the String.
156 purpose:- converts StringBuffer to string
class.
157 6)int length():-
158 returns the length of the StringBuffer.
159 7)int indexOf(String str):-
160 It returns the first position of subString
'str' in the StringBuffer object.
161 8)int lastIndexOf(String str):-
162 It returns the last Occurance of substring
'str' in the StringBuffer object.
163
164
165 StringBuilder:-
166 --------------
167 This class has been added in jdk1.5.0 which has
same features like StringBuffer class.These
objects are also mutable as are the
StringBuffer objects.
168
169
170 IIQ)What is the difference between the StringBuffer
and StringBuilder classes?
171 r) StringBuffer class is synchronized and
StringBuilder is not.When the programmer wants

to use several threads,he should use
StringBuffer as it gives reliable results.If only
one thread is used,StringBuilder is prefered,as
it improves execution time.
172
173 H.W:
174 1)sort a given group of strings into alphabetical
order.
175 2)find the position of substring in a given main
string.
176 3)Test whether a given string is palindrome or not.
177
178
179
180 Ex2:
181
182
183
184 D:\Yellaswamy_ClassNotes>javap java.lang.String
185 Compiled from "String.java"
186 public final class java.lang.String extends
java.lang.Object implements java.io.
187 Serializable,java.lang.Comparable,java.lang.CharSeq
uence{ {
188 public static final java.util.Comparator
CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER;
189 public java.lang.String();
190 public java.lang.String(java.lang.String);
191 public java.lang.String(char[]);
192 public java.lang.String(char[], int, int);
193 public java.lang.String(int[], int, int);
194 public java.lang.String(byte[], int, int, int);
195 public java.lang.String(byte[], int);
196 public java.lang.String(byte[], int, int,
java.lang.String) throws jav
197 a.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
198 public java.lang.String(byte[], int, int,
java.nio.charset.Charset);
199 public java.lang.String(byte[],
java.lang.String) throws java.io.Unsup
200 portedEncodingException;
201 public java.lang.String(byte[],
java.nio.charset.Charset);
202 public java.lang.String(byte[], int, int);
203 public java.lang.String(byte[]);
204 public
java.lang.String(java.lang.StringBuffer);
205 public
java.lang.String(java.lang.StringBuilder);
206 java.lang.String(int, int, char[]);
207 public int length();
208 public boolean isEmpty();
209 public char charAt(int);
210 public int codePointAt(int);
211 public int codePointBefore(int);
212 public int codePointCount(int, int);
213 public int offsetByCodePoints(int, int);
214 void getChars(char[], int);
215 public void getChars(int, int, char[], int);
216 public void getBytes(int, int, byte[], int);
217 public byte[] getBytes(java.lang.String)
throws java.io.UnsupportedEnc
218 odingException;
219 public byte[]
getBytes(java.nio.charset.Charset);
220 public byte[] getBytes();
221 public boolean equals(java.lang.Object);
222 public boolean
contentEquals(java.lang.StringBuffer);
223 public boolean
contentEquals(java.lang.CharSequence);
224 public boolean

equalsIgnoreCase(java.lang.String);
225 public int compareTo(java.lang.String);
226 public int
compareToIgnoreCase(java.lang.String);
227 public boolean regionMatches(int,
java.lang.String, int, int);
228 public boolean regionMatches(boolean, int,
java.lang.String, int, int);
229 public boolean startsWith(java.lang.String,
int);
230 public boolean startsWith(java.lang.String);
231 public boolean endsWith(java.lang.String);
232 public int hashCode();
233 public int indexOf(int);
234 public int indexOf(int, int);
235 public int lastIndexOf(int);
236 public int lastIndexOf(int, int);
237 public int indexOf(java.lang.String);
238 public int indexOf(java.lang.String, int);
239 static int indexOf(char[], int, int, char[],
int, int, int);
240 public int lastIndexOf(java.lang.String);
241 public int lastIndexOf(java.lang.String, int);
242 static int lastIndexOf(char[], int, int,
char[], int, int, int);
243 public java.lang.String substring(int);
244 public java.lang.String substring(int, int);
245 public java.lang.CharSequence subSequence(int,
int);
246 public java.lang.String
concat(java.lang.String);
247 public java.lang.String replace(char, char);
248 public boolean matches(java.lang.String);
249 public boolean
contains(java.lang.CharSequence);

replaceFirst(java.lang.String,
java.lang.String);
replaceAll(java.lang.String, java.lang.String);
replace(java.lang.CharSequence,
java.lang.CharSequen
253 ce);
254 public java.lang.String[]
split(java.lang.String, int);
255 public java.lang.String[]
split(java.lang.String);
toLowerCase(java.util.Locale);
257 public java.lang.String toLowerCase();
toUpperCase(java.util.Locale);
259 public java.lang.String toUpperCase();
260 public java.lang.String trim();
261 public java.lang.String toString();
262 public char[] toCharArray();
263 public static java.lang.String
format(java.lang.String, java.lang.Object[]);
264
format(java.util.Locale, java.lang.String, ja
266 va.lang.Object[]);
valueOf(java.lang.Object);
268 public static java.lang.String valueOf(char[]);
269 public static java.lang.String valueOf(char[],
int, int);
copyValueOf(char[], int, int);
copyValueOf(char[]);
valueOf(boolean);
273 public static java.lang.String valueOf(char);
274 public static java.lang.String valueOf(int);
275 public static java.lang.String valueOf(long);
276 public static java.lang.String valueOf(float);
277 public static java.lang.String valueOf(double);
278 public native java.lang.String intern();
279 public int compareTo(java.lang.Object);
280 static {};};
281 }
282
283
284 -----------------------------------------
285 Programs:
286 1.
287 import java.io.*;
288 public class str1
289 {}{
290 public static void main(String args[])
291 {
292 String st1=new String();
293 st1="Java";
294 byte b[]={65,66,67,68,69,70};
295 String st2=new String(b);
296 String st3=new String(b,1,3);
297 System.out.println(st1);
300 }
301 }
302
303
304 output:
305 D:\Yellaswamy_ClassNotes\Strings>java str1
306 Java
307 ABCDEF
308 BCD
309 -----------------
310 Ex2:
313 {}{
315 {
316 char ch[]={'a','b','c','d','e','f'};
317 String st1=new String("Java");
318 StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer("cmrcet");
319 String st2=new String(ch);
320 String st3=new String(ch,2,4);
321 String st4=new String(sb);
326 }
327 }
328 output:
329
331 Java
332 abcdef
333 cdef
334 cmrcet
335
336 ------------------------------
337 Ex3:
340 {}{
342 {
343 String s=new String("welcome");
344 int i;
345 char ch;
346 i=s.length();
347 ch=s.charAt(5);
348 System.out.println("Length of given string
: "+i);
349 System.out.println("The character at given
index : " +ch);
350 }
351 }
352
353 output:
354
356 Length of given string : 7
357 The character at given index : m
358
359 ---------------------------------------------------
----
360 Ex4:
363 {}{
365 {
366 String s1=new String("java");
367 String s2=new String("JAVA");
368 String s3=new String("welcome");
369 int n;
370
371 n=s1.compareTo(s3);
372 if(n==0)
373 System.out.println("s1 and s3 are
equal");
374 else if(n>0)

375 System.out.println("s1 is greater
than s3");
376 else
377 System.out.println("s1 is less than
s3");
378
379 n=s1.compareTo(s2);
380 if(n==0)
equal");
382 else if(n>0)
than s2");
384 else
s2");
386
387 n=s1.compareToIgnoreCase(s2);
388 if(n==0)
equal");
390 else if(n>0)
than s2");
392 else
s2");
394 }
395 }
396 output:
397
399 s1 is less than s3
400 s1 is greater than s2
401 s1 and s2 are equal
402
403 ------------------------------------
404 Ex:5
406 class str5
407 {}{
409 {
410 boolean b;
411 StringBuffer sb=new
StringBuffer("welcome");
413 String s2=new String(" to cmrcet");
414 String s3=new String();
415 s3=s1.concat(s2);
416 System.out.println("Concatenated String :
"+s3);
417 b=s1.contentEquals(sb);
418 if(b==true)
419 System.out.println("Given 2 strings
are equal");
420 else
421 System.out.println("Given 2 strings
are not equal");
422 }
423 }
424 output:
425
427 Concatenated String : welcome to cmrcet
428 Given 2 strings are equal
429 ------------------------------------
430 Ex:6
432 class str6
433 {}{

435 {
436 char ch[]={'a','b','c','d','e','f'};
437 String s1=String.copyValueOf(ch);
438 String s2=String.copyValueOf(ch,1,4);
441 }
442 }
443 output:
444
446 abcdef
447 bcde
448
449 -----------------------------------------
450 Ex:7
453 {}{
455 {
456 String s1=new String("WELCOME");
458 boolean b;
459
460 b=s1.endsWith("come");
461 if(b==true)
462 System.out.println("true");
463 else
464 System.out.println("false");
465
466 b=s1.equals(s2);
467 if(b==true)
468 System.out.println("Given 2 strings are
equal");
469 else
not equal");
471
472 b=s1.equalsIgnoreCase(s2);
473 if(b==true)
equal");
475 else
not equal");
477 }
478 }
479 output:
480
482 false
483 Given 2 strings are not equal
484 Given 2 strings are equal
485
486 --------------------------------------------------
487 Ex:8
490 {}{
492 {
493 int i;
494 String st=new String("WELCOME");
495 byte bt[]=new byte[10];
496 char ch[]=new char[10];
497 bt=st.getBytes();
498 System.out.println("Byte Array");
499 for(i=0;i<bt.length;i++)
500 {
501 System.out.println(bt[i]+" ");
502 }
503 st.getChars(3,7,ch,2);
504 System.out.println("Character Array");
505 for(i=0;i<ch.length;i++)
506 {
507 System.out.println(ch[i]+" ");
508 }
509 }
510 }
511 output:
512
514 Byte Array
515 87
516 69
517 76
518 67
519 79
520 77
521 69
522 Character Array
523
524
525 C
526 O
527 M
528 E
529
530 ---------------------------------------
531 Ex:9
534 {}{
536 {
538 String s2=new String("abcdabcdabc");

539 int id,hc;
540 hc=s1.hashCode();
541 System.out.println("Hash Code of given
String : "+hc);
542 id=s1.indexOf('e');
543 System.out.println("Index : " +id);
544 id=s1.indexOf('e',3);
546 id=s1.indexOf("come");
548 id=s2.indexOf("ab",5);
550 }
551 }
552 output:
553
555 Hash Code of given String : 1233099618
556 Index : 1
557 Index : 6
558 Index : 3
559 Index : 8
560
561 ------------------------------------------------
562
563
564
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StringsNotes.

java 1/20/2016 9:37 PM

95 4.int compareTo(String str):- (case sensitive)

StringBuilder is not.When the programmer wants

224 public boolean

250 public java.lang.String

374 else if(n>0)

434 public static void main(String args[])

538 String s2=new String("abcdabcdabc");

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