1 Common Math Notation

superscripts:
2x3
2x34
2x3x+4
4
2x3x +5

subscripts:

x1
x12
x12
x12 3
a0 , a1 , a2 , ..., a100
Greek letters:

π
Π
α
A = πr2
Trig Functions:

sin x
Log functions:
log x
ln x
log5 x
Square roots: √
2
√
3
2
p
x2 + y 2

Fractions: About 2/3 of the glass is full.

2
About of the glass is full.
3

1
 2
About of the glass is full.
3
Brackets: The distribituve property states that a(b + c) = ab + ac, for all,
a, b, c ∈ R.

The equivalence class of a is [a].

The set A is defined to be {1, 2, 3}.

ticket cost $11.50.

 
1
2
x2 − 1
 
1
2
x2 − 1
 
1
2 2
x −1

2 How to type math equations

1. Equation 2. Eqnarray 3. multiline 4. split 5. align 6. aligned 7. gather
1. How does it aligns 2. How many alignment places are avialable 3. What
type of numbering we want 4. Whether or not it can be nested within another
environment.

= 10 − 4 + 8 × 2 − 15 = 10 − 4 + 16 − 15 = 6 + 16 − 15 = 22 − 15 = 7 (1)

= 10 − 4 + 8 × 2 − 15 (2)
= 10 − 4 + 16 − 15 (3)
= 6 + 16 − 15 (4)
= 22 − 15 (5)
=7 (6)

Examples with expressions on one side of = sign.

1. Align strictly at = sign

2
 = 10 − 4 + 8 × 2 − 15 (7)
= 10 − 4 + 16 − 15 (8)
= 6 + 16 − 15 (9)
= 22 − 15 (10)
= 7 (11)

= 10 − 4 + 8 × 2 − 15 (12)
= 10 − 4 + 16 − 15 (13)
= 6 + 16 − 15 (14)
= 22 − 15 (15)
=7 (16)

Example with numbers on both side of = sign

100 = 10x − 8y − 2500 (17)

1000 = 300x − 4y + 15 (18)
10000 = 6x + 16y − 25 (19)

100 = 10x − 8y − 2500 (20)

1000 = 300x − 4y + 15 (21)
10000 = 6x + 16y − 25 (22)

Change positions of & operators

100 = 10x − 8y − 2500 (23)

1000 = 300x − 4y + 15 (24)
10000 = 6x + 16y − 25 (25)

100 = 10x − 8y − 2500 (26)

1000 = 300x − 4y + 15 (27)
10000 = 6x + 16y − 25 (28)

= 10 − 4 + 8 × 2 − 15 = 10 − 4 + 16 − 15 = 6 + 16 − 15 = 22 − 15 = 7 (29)

3
 = 10 − 4 + 8 × 2 − 15 (30)
= 10 − 4 + 16 − 15 (31)
= 6 + 16 − 15 (32)
= 22 − 15 (33)
=7 (34)

= 10 − 4 + 8 × 2 − 15
= 10 − 4 + 16 − 15
= 6 + 16 − 15 (35)
= 22 − 15
=7


1000 = 15 × 10x4 + 6x3 y 2 − 200x2 y 3 − 10x3 y 3 + 200xy 4 − 20xy 3

− 200xy 5 + 500 − 10x3 /y 2 + 2x2 /y 3 (36)

Latex Align Environment

3x − 5y + z = 12 (37)
x + 2y = 105 (38)
x − 3z = 5 (39)

3x − 5y + z = 12 (40)
x + 2y = 105 (41)
x − 3z = 5 (42)

3x − 5y + z = 12 (43)
x + 2y = 105 (44)
x − 3z =5 (45)

3x − 5y +z = 12 (46)
x + 2y = 105 (47)
x − 3z =5 (48)

4
Align and aligned

3x − 5y +z =12 (49)
x + 2y = 105 (50)
x − 3z =5 (51)

3x − 5y +z =12
x + 2y = 105 (52)
x − 3z =5

3x − 5y +z =12 

x + 2y = 105 (53)

x − 3z =5


Gather Environment

sin(2x) + eiθ − cos2 (3x) = ln x (54)

1 3
cos(2x) − − tan(2x) = z (55)
cos x − sin x 4
Calculus
Z b

a
∞
X
arn = a + ar + ar2 + · · · + arn
n=1

f (x) − f (a)
lim = f 0 (a)
x→a x−a

~v = v1~i + v2~j = hv1 , v2 i