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    Microwave Engineering Presentation: Magnetron

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    Waqar Malik
    The document provides information about a presentation on magnetrons. [1] A magnetron is a vacuum tube that uses magnetic and electric fields to generate microwaves through interaction between electrons and resonant cavities. [2] It has a cylindrical anode with cavities and a central cathode, with electrons emitted from the cathode deflected by the magnetic field to interact with the cavities. [3] Magnetrons are highly efficient and commonly used to generate high-power microwaves for applications like radar and microwave ovens.

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    Microwave Engineering Presentation: Magnetron

    Uploaded by

    Waqar Malik
    219 views10 pages
    The document provides information about a presentation on magnetrons. [1] A magnetron is a vacuum tube that uses magnetic and electric fields to generate microwaves through interaction between electrons and resonant cavities. [2] It has a cylindrical anode with cavities and a central cathode, with electrons emitted from the cathode deflected by the magnetic field to interact with the cavities. [3] Magnetrons are highly efficient and commonly used to generate high-power microwaves for applications like radar and microwave ovens.

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    Megnetron

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    The document provides information about a presentation on magnetrons. [1] A magnetron is a vacuum tube that uses magnetic and electric fields to generate microwaves through interaction between electrons and resonant cavities. [2] It has a cylindrical anode with cavities and a central cathode, with electrons emitted from the cathode deflected by the magnetic field to interact with the cavities. [3] Magnetrons are highly efficient and commonly used to generate high-power microwaves for applications like radar and microwave ovens.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    219 views10 pages

    Microwave Engineering Presentation: Magnetron

    Uploaded by

    Waqar Malik
    The document provides information about a presentation on magnetrons. [1] A magnetron is a vacuum tube that uses magnetic and electric fields to generate microwaves through interaction between electrons and resonant cavities. [2] It has a cylindrical anode with cavities and a central cathode, with electrons emitted from the cathode deflected by the magnetic field to interact with the cavities. [3] Magnetrons are highly efficient and commonly used to generate high-power microwaves for applications like radar and microwave ovens.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    A magnetron is a vacuum tube that generates microwaves using the interaction of electrons with a magnetic field. It works by emitting electrons from a cathode into a magnetic field, causing them to travel in a spiral path and generate microwaves in resonant cavities.

    A magnetron works by emitting electrons from a cathode into a cavity with an electric and magnetic field perpendicular to each other. The electrons travel in a spiral path, transferring energy to the cavity and generating microwaves. RF input can be used to enhance oscillations.

    Advantages include high efficiency, small size, and ability to generate high power microwaves. Disadvantages include lack of frequency control, noise, and cost.

    Microwave Engineering

    Presentation
    Topic
    Magnetron
    Presented By
    Waqar Malik
    2K18/TCT/102
     CONTENT
    • What is Magnetron ?
    • Structure
    • Working
    • Advantages/Distadvantages
    • Applications
    What is Magnetron ?
    • A magnetron is basically a vacuum tube of high power having multiple cavities. It is also known
    as cavity magnetron because of the presence of anode in the resonant cavity of the tube.
    • The operating principle of a magnetron is such that when electrons interact with electric and
    magnetic field in the cavity then high power oscillations get generated.
    • Magnetrons are majorly used in radar system as being the only high power source of RF signal
    as a power oscillator despite a power amplifier.

    Fig 01: Cavity Magnetron fig 01: Cutaway view of Magnetron


     Structure
    • The figure here shows a magnetron with 8 cavities:
    • A cylindrical magnetron has a cylindrical cathode of a certain length and radius
    present at the centre around which a cylindrical anode is present. The cavities
    are present at the circumference of the anode at equal spacing.
    • Also, the area existing between anode and cathode of the tube is known
    as interaction space/region.
    • It is to be noted here that there exists a phase difference of 180⁰ between
    adjacent cavities. Therefore, cavities will transfer their excitation from one
    cavity to another with a phase shift of 180⁰.
    • Thus we can say that if one plate is positive then automatically its adjacent
    plate will be negative. And this is clearly shown in the figure given above.
    • More specifically we can say that edges and cavities show180⁰ phase apart
    relationship.
    • As we have already discussed that here the electric and magnetic field are
    perpendicular to each other. And the magnetic field is generated by using a
    permanent magnet.
    Fig 03: Structure of Magnetron
     Working
    I will discuss the working of magnetron under two categories. First without applying the RF input to the anode and the second one
    with the application of RF input.

    1. When RF input is not present


    Case I: When the magnetic field is 0 or absent: Case II: When a small magnetic field is present
    When the magnetic field is absent then the In case a small magnetic field exists inside the magnetron then the electron
    electron emerging from the cathode emerging from the cathode will slightly deviate from its straight path. And this will
    radially moves towards the anode. This is cause a curvy motion of the electron from cathode to anode
    shown in the figure below: as shown in the figure:
    Case III: In case when the magnetic field is further
    increased then electrons emerging from the cathode
    gets highly deflected by the magnetic field and graze
    along the surface of the cathode, as shown below:
    If the magnetic field is increased beyond the critical magnetic
    Field then the electron will bounce back to the cathode itself
    without reaching the anode.

    The reaching of the emitted


    electrons from the cathode
    back to it is known as back
    heating. So to avoid this the
    electric supply provided to
    the cathode must be cut-off
    after oscillations have
    This causes the anode current to be 0. The value of the
    magnetic field that causes the anode current to become been set up in the tube
    0 is known as the critical magnetic field.
    2. When the RF field is present
    Case I: In case an active RF input is provided to the anode of the
    magnetron then oscillations are set up in the interaction space of the
    magnetron. So, when an electron is emitted from the cathode to
    anode then it transfers its energy in order to oscillate. Case II: Another condition arises in the presence of RF
    Such electrons are called favoured electrons. In this condition, the input. In this case, the emitted electron from the cathode
    electrons will have a low velocity and thus will take a considerably high while travelling takes energy from the oscillations thereby
    amount of time to reach from cathode to anode. resultantly increasing its velocity.
    This is given in the figure below: So despite reaching the anode, the electrons will bounce
    back to the cathode and these electrons are known
    as unfavoured electrons.
    The propagation of unfavoured electrons is shown below:
    Case III: When the RF input is further increased then the electron emitted while
    travelling increases its velocity in order to catch up the electron emitted earlier with
    comparatively lower velocity.

    So all those electrons that do not take energy from the oscillations for their
    movement are known as favoured electrons. And these favoured electrons
    form electron bunch or electron cloud and reaches anode from the cathode.

    The movement of these favoured electrons inside the tube enhances the field
    existing between the gaps in the cavity. This leads to sustained oscillations inside the
    magnetron thereby providing high power at the output.
     Advantages
     Magnetrons are a highly efficient device used for
    generation of the high power microwave signal.

     The use of magnetrons in radar can produce radar system


    of better quality for tracking purpose.  Application
     It is usually small in size thus less bulky.  A major application of magnetron is present in a
    pulsed radar system in order to produce a high
     Disadvantages power microwave signal.

     It is quite expensive.  Magnetrons are also used in heating appliances


    likes microwave ovens so as to produce fixed
     Despite producing a wide range of frequency, there exists frequency oscillations.
    a drawback in controllability of the generated frequency.

     It offers average power of around 1 to 2 kilowatts.  Tuneable magnetrons find their applications in
    sweep oscillators.
     Magnetrons are quite noisy.
    Thank You
    for your
    Attention Any
    Question

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