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Foundation Design – Axially loaded pad footings (square)

DESIGN OF AXIALLY LOADED PAD FOOTING (SQUARE)

Data :-

Load on column = 800 KN

Column size =350 x 350 mm

SBC of soil =200 KN /m2

Concrete Mix =M25

Steel Grade = Fe 500

Clear cover of bottom slab =50 mm

Design :-

1. Size of footing :
Load on column P = 800 KN

Self weight of footing 5% = 40 KN

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Total load on soil P1 = 840 KN

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SBC of soil = 200 KN/m2

Area of footing required = 840 / 200 =4.2 m2

Provide 2.10 x 2.10 m square footing.

Area provided =4.41 m2 > 4.20 m2

2. Depth of Foundation :

As per Rankine’s theory

Minimum depth of foundation =p/w (1-sin Φ /1+sin Φ) 2

where p=gross bearing capacity =200 KN/m2

w =density of soil =18 KN/m3

Φ =angle of response of soil=30 degree

Depth of Foundation below GL = (200/18) x {1-sin 30/1+ sin 30}2 =1.23m

Provide Depth of Foundation as 1.50m

3. Net upward soil pressure :

Load from column =800 KN

Area of footing =4.41 m2

Net upward soil pressure p =800 / 4.41 =181.41 KN/m2

< 200 KN/m2(SBC) O.K.

4. Bending moment:

x x

y
(a) MOMENT
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Maximum bending moment=p x B x (L-a)2 x 1

2 2

Net cantilever projection= (2100-350 )/2 =875 mm

Mxx = Myy = 181.41 x 2.10 x 0.8752 /2

=145.84 KN.m

Ultimate B.M. Mux = 1.50 x 145.84 =218.76 KN.m.

5.Check for effective depth:

For M25 concrete Steel Fe500

Moment of resistance =0.133 fck b d2 =3.325 b d2

Mux = M.R.

3.325 b d2 =218.76 x 106

effective depth ‘d’ required= √ 218.76 x 106/ (3.325x 2100)

=177 mm

To select depth:

i) From shear consideration increase depth of footing as 2.5 to 3 times effective

=466.67 mm

iii) Depth of footing =650 x projection of footing

=650 x 0.875

=568.75 mm

Take D=500 mm.

Effective depth available dx = 500-50- 12/6 =444 mm

dy=444 – 12 =432 mm.

Note :

It will be realized that the depth of footing for Pad footing without pedestal is usually
governed by check for two way shear. To reduce depth, higher grade concrete may
be used in footing.
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6.Reinforcement :

Mu = 218.76 KN.m

Pt=50 * fck/fy {1- √(1-4.6 Mu/fck b d2 ) }

=50*25/500 {1-√(1-4.6 *218.76 x106 /25 x 2100x 4442) }}

=0.125

Pt from Table 2 of Design Aid to IS 456-1978 =0.161

Ast required = (0.161/100) x 2100 x 432 = 1460.59 mm2

Minimum Ast =( 0.12/100) x 2100 x 500 = 1260 mm2

Provide 14 Nos. 12 mm Φ RTS on both the direction.

Ast provided = 1582 mm2 > 1460.59 mm2

7. Check for cracking :

Clear distance between bars ={ (2100-50-12 )/(14-1)} - 12

=144.77 mm <180mm O.K.

8.Check for one way shear:

y1

y1
(b) ONE WAY SHEAR

Shear at d=412 mm from face of the column

= 181.41 x 2.10 x 0.463

= 176.38 KN.

Factored SF = 1.50 x 176.38 =264.57 KN.

Actual shear stress = ζv =( 264.57 x 103)/ (2100 x 412)=0.306N/mm2

Pt =(1582 x 100)/( 2100 x 412)=0.183%

ζc from Table 61 of Design Aid = 0.306 N/mm2 O.K.

9. Check for Two -way shear:

(c) TWO WAY SHEAR

Shear force at a distance d/2= (412 /2) = 206 mm from face of column

=181.41 x (2.102 – 0.7682 ) =693.02 KN.

Factored SF = 1.50 x 693.02 =1039.53 KN.

d= 412 mm

b= 4 x 768 = 3072 mm

Nominal shear stress ζv = (1039.53 x 103)/( 3072 x 412) =0.82 N/mm2

Design shear strength = Ks x ζv where Ks = (0.5 + βc)

And βc = ( short side of column / Long side of column ) =0.35/0.35=1.

Ks = (0.5 +1) =1.50

Ks > 1 Take Ks =1

ζc = 0.25 √fck = 0.25 √20 =1.12 N/mm2

Ks ζc = 1 x 1.12 =1.12 N/mm2

ζv < Ks ζc O.K.
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10.Check for load transfer at base of column:

Nominal bearing stress= ( Axial load on footing/ Top area of frustrum)

= (800 x 103)/(350 x 350) =6.53 N/mm2

Allowable bearing force = 0.45 fck x Ag

= 0.45 x 20 x 350 x 350 x 10-3

= 1102.5 KN.

< (1.5 x 800= 1200KN)

Dowels are required.

Force in dowel bars = 1200 – 1102.5 =97.5 KN.

At the top of footing

A1 = Bottom area of frustrum =2.10 x 2.10 =4.41 m2

Or A1 = bottom length of frustrum of pyramid

= (0.35 + 4 x 0.5) x(0.35 + 4x 0.5)

= 5.52 m2, whichever is small i.e. 4.41 m2

A2 =Top area of frustrum of pyramid

= 0.35 x 0.35 = 0.1225 m2

√A1/A2 =4.41/0.1225 = 6 > 2. Therefore use 2.

Allowable bearing force = 2 x (0.45 x 20) x 350 x 350 x 10-3

=2205 KN.

Hence safe.

Dowel area = (97.5 x 103 )/(0.75 x 415 )= 313 mm2

Minimum dowel area = (0.5/100) x 350 x 350

= 612.5 mm2

Use 8 Nos. 16 Φ RTS column bars as dowel bars.

Dowel length in footing = D +450 = 500+450

=950 mm

Extend column bars for 950 mm in footing.

11.Check for development length :

Development length = 47 Φ = 47 x 12= 564 mm

Available anchorage = 875 – 50 (cover) =825 mm> 564mm O.K.

12.Check for self weight of footing:

Actual Weight of footing at base = Vc (ℽc -ℽ)

Vc= (0.35 x0.35 x (1.50-0.5) +(2.1 x2.1 x0.5)=2.33m3

Weight of footing =2.33 x (25 -18) = 16.31 KN.

< 40 KN. O.K.

Note: Self weight of footing at 10% of column load is not required to be considered.
The weight of earth above footing is already included in net SBC , the actual
weight of RCC footing works out only 3 to 4% of column load, if you want to
consider self weight of footing it may be taken as 5% of column load which
is reasonable.

13.Sketch :

SECTION 1-1
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