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IC200-Lecture7 1 PDF

This document discusses several telescopes and basic optics concepts. It describes how lenses and mirrors work using principles like refraction and focal length. Several major ground and space-based telescopes are introduced, including the Hubble Space Telescope, upcoming James Webb Space Telescope, and extremely large ground telescopes under construction like the Thirty Meter Telescope and Giant Magellan Telescope. Basic optics principles are covered to explain how different telescope designs and components function.

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Rohan sharma
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79 views25 pages

IC200-Lecture7 1 PDF

This document discusses several telescopes and basic optics concepts. It describes how lenses and mirrors work using principles like refraction and focal length. Several major ground and space-based telescopes are introduced, including the Hubble Space Telescope, upcoming James Webb Space Telescope, and extremely large ground telescopes under construction like the Thirty Meter Telescope and Giant Magellan Telescope. Basic optics principles are covered to explain how different telescope designs and components function.

Uploaded by

Rohan sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture-7

resolution, telescopes, Intensity, stars


Basic Optics: Refraction

e.g., nair ≈ 1.0003,


nwater ≈ 1.33,
nglass ~ 1.5, etc.
Lenses and Refractive
Optics
No longer used for professional telescopes,
but still widely used within instruments

Focal length

Focal plane

Inverted images
Lensmaker’s Formula
Using the Snell’s law, it
can be shown that
1/f = (n-1) (1/R1 + 1/R2)
(aka the “lens power”)
where:
f = focal length
R1, R2 = curvature radii of
the two lens surfaces

Note that for a spherical


mirror, f = R/2
HST mirror
Keck segment

VLT mirror cell


Keck Telescopes:
The State of the Art

… and a new paradigm


for telescope design
The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope
(LSST)
• 8.4m primary, 3-mirror modified
Paul-Baker design, effective
aperture 6.9m, f/1.25
• FOV ~ 3.5 deg, will cover ~1/2 sky
• Time domain astronomy, large-
scale weak grav. lensing survey

• Multiple 10s exposures, grizy


filters, 3 Gigapixel camera
• Data rate ~ 30 TB/night, ~ 6
PB/yr
• First light ~ 2022?
The TMT Conceptual Design
• 30-meter filled aperture mirror
•738 segments of 1.2m diameter,
4.5cm thick
• Alt-azimuth mount
• Aplanatic Gregorian-style design
• f/1 primary, f/15 final focus
• Very AO-intensive
• Field of View = 20 arcmin
•Instruments located at Nasmyth
foci, multiple instruments on each
Nasmyth platform addressable by
agile tertiary mirror
• Location: Mauna Kea (?) First light ~ 2025?
The Giant Magellan
Telescope (GMT)
• 7 X 8.4m Segments
• 18m focal length
• f/0.7 primary
• f/8 Gregorian focus
• 21.4m equiv.
collecting area
• 24.5m equiv.
angular resolution
• 20-25’ FOV
The ESO EELT (40 m)
Hubble Space Telscope (HST), 2.4 m, 1990-?
James Webb Space Telscope (JWST), 6.5 m,
2021- ? waiting to be launched
Arecibo Radio Telescope (single dish)
Space Observatories From IR to UV

Spitzer GALEX
What the atmosphere allows us to see?
A clear window in the Radio
UV, X-Ray partcularly bad, that’s why X-ray telescopes are in space
What the atmosphere allows?

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