2021-01-8
January 8, 2021
0.1 Practice Problems:
1. Contruct a matrix A=[1,2,3] [4,5,6] [7,8,9] and perform A+B, A-B, A2
[13]: A=np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]])
B=np.array([[-1,12,3],[8,15,-6],[17,20,4]])
x=np.add(A,B)
y=np.subtract(A,B)
z=np.multiply(A,A)
print(x)
print(y)
print(z)
[[ 0 14 6]
[12 20 0]
[24 28 13]]
[[ 2 -10 0]
[ -4 -10 12]
[-10 -12 5]]
[[ 1 4 9]
[16 25 36]
[49 64 81]]
2. Create a matrix M= [2,0,4] [3,8,2] [1,2,3] and fetch all the elements in the second column.
[14]: M=np.array([[2,0,4],[3,8,2],[1,2,3]])
print("ELEMENTS OF SECOND COLUMN is: ", M[:,1])
ELEMENTS OF SECOND COLUMN is: [0 8 2]
0.2 Inverse of a Matrix
numpy.linalg.inv() : This command is used to compute the inverse of the matrix
EXAMPLE 1:
[20]: import numpy as np
A=np.matrix([[1,2],[3,4]])
inv=np.linalg.inv(A)
print(inv)
1
[[-2. 1. ]
[ 1.5 -0.5]]
EXAMPLE 2:
[21]: B=np.matrix([[21,25],[7,6]])
i=np.linalg.inv(B)
print(i)
[[-0.12244898 0.51020408]
[ 0.14285714 -0.42857143]]
EXAMPLE 3:
[22]: C=np.matrix([[1,-1,2],[0,2,-3],[3,-2,4]])
inverse=np.linalg.inv(C)
print(inverse)
[[-2. 0. 1.]
[ 9. 2. -3.]
[ 6. 1. -2.]]
0.3 EXERCISE:
Find the inverse of the following matrices
1. [1,2,3] [1,3,3] [2,4,3]
[23]: A=np.matrix([[1,2,3],[1,3,3],[2,4,3]])
inverse=np.linalg.inv(A)
print(inverse)
[[ 1.00000000e+00 -2.00000000e+00 1.00000000e+00]
[-1.00000000e+00 1.00000000e+00 -2.77555756e-17]
[ 6.66666667e-01 0.00000000e+00 -3.33333333e-01]]
2. [1,2,-3] [0,1,2] [0,0,1]
[24]: B=np.matrix([[1,2,-3],[0,1,2],[0,0,1]])
inverse=np.linalg.inv(B)
print(inverse)
[[ 1. -2. 7.]
[ 0. 1. -2.]
[ 0. 0. 1.]]
3. [1,2,3] [2,-3,1] [3,1,-2]
2
[25]: C=np.matrix([[1,2,3],[2,-3,1],[3,1,-2]])
inverse=np.linalg.inv(C)
print(inverse)
[[ 0.09615385 0.13461538 0.21153846]
[ 0.13461538 -0.21153846 0.09615385]
[ 0.21153846 0.09615385 -0.13461538]]
0.4 Solution of Simultaneous Linear Equations
Consider the set of simultaneous equations in x,y and z
a1x+b1y+c1z=d1 ; a2x+b2y+c2z=d2 ; a3x+b3y+c3z=d3
They can be expressed as the matrix form
AX = B
=> X= Aˆ(-1)B
EXAMPLE 1: Solve the system of equations 2x-3y+5z=11, 5x+2y-7z=-12, -4x+3y+z=5
[26]: P=np.matrix([[2,-3,5],[5,2,-7],[-4,3,1]])
Q=np.matrix([[11],[-12],[5]])
R=np.linalg.inv(P)
print(np.dot(R,Q))
[[1.]
[2.]
[3.]]
EXAMPLE 2: Solve the system of equations 3x-y+2z=13, 2x+y-z=3, x+3y-5z=-8
[27]: P=np.matrix([[3,-1,2],[2,1,-1],[1,3,-5]])
Q=np.matrix([[13],[3],[-8]])
R=np.linalg.inv(P)
print(np.dot(R,Q))
[[ 3.]
[-2.]
[ 1.]]
0.5 Determinants
numpy.linalg.det() : This function is used to compute the determinant of the matrix
EXAMPLE 1: Evaluate the determinant of the matrix J= [3,-1,-2] [0,0,-1] [3,-5,0]
[28]: J=np.matrix([[3,-1,-2],[0,0,-1],[3,-5,0]])
print(np.linalg.det(J))
-12.0
EXAMPLE 2: Evaluate the determinant of the matrix P= [2,-3,5] [5,2,-7] [-4,3,1]
3
[29]: P=np.matrix([[2,-3,5],[5,2,-7],[-4,3,1]])
print(np.linalg.det(P))
92.00000000000001
0.6 Eigen Values
numpy.linalg.eigvals() : This function is used to compute the eigen value of the matrix
EXAMPLE 1: Evaluate the eigen value of matrix S=[3,-1,-2] [0,0,-1] [3,-5,0]
[30]: S=np.matrix([[3,-1,-2],[0,0,-1],[3,-5,0]])
print(np.linalg.eigvals(S))
[-1.52216738+0.j 2.26108369+1.66463096j 2.26108369-1.66463096j]
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