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    Protein Energy Malnutrition

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    Suhas Ingale
    Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is a major health problem in India, particularly affecting young children. It can cause childhood morbidity, mortality, and long-term physical and mental growth impairment in survivors. PEM manifests clinically as kwashiorkor or marasmus. The majority of PEM cases in India are mild to moderate and often go unrecognized. PEM is primarily due to inadequate food intake in quantity and quality as well as infections like diarrhea that increase nutrient needs and decrease absorption, creating a vicious cycle between malnutrition and infection. A child's current nutritional status depends on their past history as well as their mother's health and nutrition during her own childhood, perpetuating malnutrition across generations.

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    Protein Energy Malnutrition

    Uploaded by

    Suhas Ingale
    29 views3 pages
    Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is a major health problem in India, particularly affecting young children. It can cause childhood morbidity, mortality, and long-term physical and mental growth impairment in survivors. PEM manifests clinically as kwashiorkor or marasmus. The majority of PEM cases in India are mild to moderate and often go unrecognized. PEM is primarily due to inadequate food intake in quantity and quality as well as infections like diarrhea that increase nutrient needs and decrease absorption, creating a vicious cycle between malnutrition and infection. A child's current nutritional status depends on their past history as well as their mother's health and nutrition during her own childhood, perpetuating malnutrition across generations.

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    Malnutrition

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    Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is a major health problem in India, particularly affecting young children. It can cause childhood morbidity, mortality, and long-term physical and mental growth impairment in survivors. PEM manifests clinically as kwashiorkor or marasmus. The majority of PEM cases in India are mild to moderate and often go unrecognized. PEM is primarily due to inadequate food intake in quantity and quality as well as infections like diarrhea that increase nutrient needs and decrease absorption, creating a vicious cycle between malnutrition and infection. A child's current nutritional status depends on their past history as well as their mother's health and nutrition during her own childhood, perpetuating malnutrition across generations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    29 views3 pages

    Protein Energy Malnutrition

    Uploaded by

    Suhas Ingale
    Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is a major health problem in India, particularly affecting young children. It can cause childhood morbidity, mortality, and long-term physical and mental growth impairment in survivors. PEM manifests clinically as kwashiorkor or marasmus. The majority of PEM cases in India are mild to moderate and often go unrecognized. PEM is primarily due to inadequate food intake in quantity and quality as well as infections like diarrhea that increase nutrient needs and decrease absorption, creating a vicious cycle between malnutrition and infection. A child's current nutritional status depends on their past history as well as their mother's health and nutrition during her own childhood, perpetuating malnutrition across generations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
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    MALNUTRITION

    Protein energy malnutrition:


    Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) has been identified as a major health and
    nutrition problem in India. It occurs particularly in weaklings and children in
    first year of life.
    It is not only an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality,
    But leads also to permanent impairment of physical and possible of mental
    growth of those who survive.

    The current concept of PEM is that its clinical forms.


    Kwashiorkor Marasmus

    The incidence of PEM in India in preschool age children is 1-2 % . The great
    majority of cases of PEM nearly 80% are “intermediate” ones , that is the
    mild & moderate cases which frequently go unrecognized . The problem
    exists in all the state and that nutritional margins is more frequent that
    kwashiorkor .
    In 1970 it was widely held that PEM was due to protein deficiency.
    PEM is primarily due to
    a). An inadequate intake of food [food gap] both in quantity & quality.
    b). Infections notably diarrhoea, respiratory infections, measles & intestinal
    worms which increases requirement for calories, Protein & other nutrients
    while decreasing their absorption & utilization.
    It is viscious circle :- infection contributing to malnutrition &
    malnutrition contributing to infection both acting synergistically.

    Malnutrition/Infection cycle

    Inadequate dietary intake

    Appetite loss Weight loss.


    Nutrient loss Growth faltering.
    Malabsorption Immunity lowered.
    Altered Mucosal damage

    There are numerous


    Disease: other
    incidence, contributory
    duration factors in the web of causation,
    severity
    viz. poor environmental conditions, large family size, poor maternal health,
    failure of lactation, premature termination of breast feeding and adverse
    cultural practices relating to child rearing and weaning such as the use of
    over diluted cow’s milk and discarding cooking water from cereals and
    delayed supplementary feeding.
    Malnutrition is self-perpetuating: A child’s nutritional status at any
    point in time depends on his or her past nutritional history, which may
    particularly account for the present status. To some extent, this nutritional
    history is linked to the mother’s health and nutritional status. This in turn
    has been influenced by her living conditions and nutritional history during
    her own childhood.
    Nutritional status of woman
    Of childbearing
    age

    Nutritional status Nutritional status of


    at Pregnant woman
    Puberty

    Girl’s nutritional
    Status

    Neonatal and infant


    Nutritional status

    Nutritional status of
    Lactating women

    Influence of each generation’s nutritional status


    on the following generation.

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