CE 311

Name : Abdullah faraj AL-Qahtani

Number : 430320805
4.1 Refer to figure 4.2 and consider a rectangular foundation. Given : B=0.91 m, L= 1.83m ,
Df=0.91m, H=0.61m , ø' = 40● , C=0 , and y = 18.08 kN/m3. Using a factor of safety of4,
determine the gross allowable load the foundation can carry.

Solution:
B = 0.91m L = 1.83m Df = 0.91m

H = 0.61m ø = 40˚ c=0 r = 18.08

qu = qNq Fqs + 1/2r BNr Frs

q = DF x r = 18.08 x 0.91 = 16.45 KN/m2

H/B = 0.61 / 0.91 = 0.6

Nq = 450

Nr = 300

From m1 = 0.45 from (fig 4.6(b) ) m2 = 0.5

fig 4.6(a)

Fqs = 1 - m1 (B/L)

= 1 - 0.45 (0.91/1.83) = 0.77

Frs = 1 - m2 (B/L)

= 1 - 0. 5 (0.91/1.83) = 0.75

qu = (16.45) (450) (.077) + (1/2) (18.08) (0.91) (300) (0.75)

= 8167.84 KN/m2

Qa11 = qu x B2 / FS = 8167.84 x (0.91)2 / 4

= 1690.94 KN
4.2Repeat problem 4.1 with the following B=1.5m, L= 1.5m , Df=1m, H=0.61m ,
ø' = 35● , C'=0 , and y = 15 kN/m3. Use FS=3.

B = 1.5m L = 1.5m Df = 1m

H = 0.6m ø = 35˚ Ć = 0 r = 15KN/m3 FS = 3

Solution :
qu = qNq Fqs + 1/2r BNr Frs

q = DF x r = 1 x 15 = 15 KN/m2

H/B = 0.6 / 1.5 = 0.4

Nq = 400

Nr = 125

From m1 = 0.55 m2 = 0.6

fig 4.6(a)

Fqs = 1 - m1 (B/L)

= 1 - 0.55 (1.5/1.5) = 0.45

Frs = 1 - m2 (B/L)

= 1 - 0. 6 (1.5/1.5) = 0.4

qu = (15) (400) (0.45) + (1/2) (15) (1.5) (125) (0.4)

= 3262.5 KN/m2

Qa11 = qu x B2 / FS = 3262.5 x (1.5)2 / 4

= 2446.87 KN
4.3Refer to figure 4.2, Given : B = L= 1.75m , Df=1m, H=1.75m , ø' = 30● , C'=0 , and
y=17kN/m3. Using equation 4.6 and FS=4, determine the gross allowable load the
foundation can carry.

B = 1.75m L = 1.75m Df = 1m

H = 1.75m ø = 30˚ Ć = 0 r = 15KN/m3 FS = 4

Solution :
qu = qNq Fqs + 1/2r BNr Frs

q = DF x r = 1 x 17 = 17 KN/m2

H/B = 1.75 / 1.75 = 1m

Nq = 35

Nr = 18

From m1 = 0.05 m2 = 0.4

Fqs = 1 - m1 (B/L)

= 1 - 0.05 (1.75/1.75) = 0.95

Frs = 1 - m2 (B/L)

= 1 - 0. 4 (1.75/1.75) = 0.6

qu = (17) (35) (0.95) + (1/2) (17) (1.75) (18) (0.6)

= 725.9 KN/m2

Qa11 = qu x B2 / FS = 725.9 x (1.75)2 / 4

= 555.76 KN
 2.1For a Shelby tube, given : outside diameter = 76.2mm and inside diameter
73mm in. What is the area ratio of the tube?

Solution :
do = 76.2 mm di = 73mm

AR (%) = Do2 - Di2 / Di2 x 100

AR (%) = 76.22 - 732 / 732 x 100

= 8.95%

2.3Following is the variation of the field standard penetration number (N 60 ) is a sand deposit :

Depth(m) N60
1.5 6
3 8
4.5 9
6 8
7.9 13
9 14

The ground water table is located at depth of 0.6m. Given : the dry unit weight of sand from 0 to a depth
od 6m is 18kN/m3 , and the saturated unit weight of sand or depth 6 to 12m is 20.2kN/m3. Use the
relationship of Skempton given in Eq. (2.12) to calculate the corrected penetration numbers.

Solution :
Unit Weight
Depth(m) N60 60 (kN1m3) CN (N1)60 Ø (i)
(kN1m3)
1.5 6 18 1.5x18=27 1.5 9 28.8
3 8 18 3x18=54 1.29 10.32 29.46
4.5 9 18 4.5x18=81 1.10 9.9 29.75
6 8 18 6x18=108 0.96 7.68 29.46
108 + (20.2-9.81) x
7.9 13 20.2 0.66 8.58 30.40
1.9 = 199.7
108+(20.2-4.81) x 3
9 14 20.2 0.64 8.96 31.14
= 211.1

CN = 2 / 1 + (o'0 / Pa) Pa = 100kN/m 2

CN1 = 2 / 1 + (27/100) = 1.5

(N1)60 = N60 x CN

Ø' = 27.1 + 0.3 N60 - 0.00054 [N60]2

Average value = ∑Ø / 6 = 179.56 / 6 = 30

2.15In a deposit of normally consolidated dry sand , a cone penetration test was
conducted. Following are the results :

Point of resistance of
Depth(m)
cone, qc (MN/m2)
1.5 2.06
3 4.23
4.5 6.01
6 8.18
7.9 9.97
9.0 12.42

Assuming the dry weight of sand to be 16kN/m3 , estimate the average peak friction angle,
Ø, of the sand.

Solution :
Point of resistance of
Depth(m) 60' (kN/m2) Ø'
cone, qc (MN/m2)
1.5 2.06 24 5.26
3 4.23 48 5.43
4.5 6.01 72 5.075
6 8.18 96 5.212
7.9 9.97 120 5.044
9.0 12.42 144 5.24

Ø' = 5.21˚
3.1In a deposit of normally consolidated dry sand , a cone penetration test was conducted. Following are
the results :

Part B Df Ø' C' r Foundation Type

a 1.22m 0.91m 25˚ 28.75 kN/m3 17.29 kN/m3 Continues
b 2m 1m 30˚ 0 17 kN/m3 Continues
c 3m 2m 30˚ 0 16.5 kN/m3 Square

Solution :
Fs = 4

a.
Nc = 25.13 Nq = 12.92 Nr = 8.34

qu = c'Nc + q/Nq + 1/2 rB Nr continues

qu = (28.75 x 25.13) + (0.41 x 17.29 x 12.72) + (1/2 x 12.24 x 1.22 + 8.34)

qu = 1010.58 kN/m2

q011 = qu / fs = 1010.58 / 4 = 252.8 kN/m2

b.
Nc = 37.16 Nq = 22.46 Nr = 11.13

qu = c'Nc + q/Nq + 1/2 rB Nr continues

qu = (0 x 37.16) + (1 x 17 x 22.46) + (1/2 x 17 x 2 x 19.13)

qu = 707 kN/m2

qa11 = 196.8 kN/m2

= 1010.58 / 4

= 252.8 kN/m2

c.
Nc = 37.16 Nq = 22.46 Nr = 19.13

qu = 1.3 c'Nc + q/Nq + 0.4 rB Nr

qu = 1119.95 kN/m2

qa11 = 280 kN/m2

3.4The applied load on a shallow square foundation makes an angle of 15˚ with the vertical.
Given: B=1.83m, Df = 0.9m , y = 18.08 kN/m2. Use FS = 4 and determine the gross allowable
load.

Solution :
Es = 1 + (B / 1) (Na / Nc) = 1 + (1.83 / 1.83) (10.66 / 20.72)

= 1.51

Fqs = 1 + 0.4 (B /L) = 0.6

Fcd = Fqd – (1 - Fqd/Nc tan Ø')

Fqd = 1 + 2tanØ' (1 - sin Ø')2 (Df/B)

= 1.15

Fcd = 1.165

Frd = 1

Fci = Fqi = (1 – B/q1)2 = 0.694

Fri = (1 – p / Ø') = 0.4

qu = C' Nc Fcs Fcd Fci + q Nq Fqs Fqd Fqi + rB Nr Frs Frd Fr

= (23.96 x 20.72 x 1.51 x 1.165 x 0.694) + (0.9 x 18.08 x 10.86 x 1.15 x 0.694) + (1/2 x 18.08 x
1.83 x 0.8 x 1 x 0.6)

= 851.4 kN/m2

qa11 = 212.9 kN/m2

3.6For a Square foundation that is BxB in plan , Df=2 m , vertical gross allowable load,
Qall=3330kN , y = 16.5kN/m3 ; Ø' = 30● ; C' = 0 ; and FS=4. Determine the size of the foundation.

Df = 2m , Qall=3330kN

r = 16.5 kN/m2 , Ø' = 30● , C' = 0 , FS=4

Solution :

qall = qall x B2

qall = 3330 / B2

B+C . factor table 3.3

1) Nc = 30.14
2) Nq = 18.40
3) Nr = 22.90

- Sheepe factors

Fqs = 1 + (B/C) tan Ø

Fqs = 1 + tan 30● x 1.57

Frs = 1 – 0.4 (B/C)

Frs = 1 – 0.4 x 0.6

Depth Ø > o
Fqd = 1 + 2 tanØ (1 – tanØ)2 DF/B

Fqd = 1 + 2 tan30 (1 – sin30)2 q/B

Fqd = 1 + 0.57/B

B= 0

Fri = (1 – B/Ø') = 1

Fqi = (1 – 8/90) = 1

q = Vd x Df = 16.4 x 2 = 33 kn/m2

qall = qu / Fs
 qall = 1/9 [qNq Frq Fqdi Fqi + 1/2 rd B Nr Frs Frd Fri ]

qall = 1/9 [33 x 18.90 x 1.57 x (1 + 0.57/B) + 1/2 x 16.4 x B x 22.9 x 0.6 x 1 x 1]

qall = 238.326 + 135.89/B + 27.72B

Fri = Fzi = 1

Fad = 1 , Frd = 1

qall = 901.88 kN/m2

901.88 = 3330 / B2

B = B 3330/B2

B = 2.87m