Nachos Overview

Project 1 – Thread Management

1
Outline
• Introduction of Nachos.
• Installation of Nachos.
• Linux 32-bit for Nachos.
• Project 1 – Thread Management.
• Some tips for Nachos.

2
Introduction of Nachos

3
What is Nachos?
• Not Another Completely Heuristic Operating System

4
What is Nachos?
• Designed by Thomas Anderson at UC Berkeley in 1992.
• Written in C++, but Danial Hattena has rewritten Nachos in JAVA.
• We use the C++ version here.
• Educational OS that some components can be implemented by users.
• Process management.
• CPU scheduling.
• Memory management.
• File system management.
• Networking.

5
Why Nachos?
• Nachos has basic functionality even at the beginning.
• Implement one part at a time.
• Too hard and dangerous to handle real hardware.
• Nachos is just a UNIX process runs on real OS.
• And real OS runs on real machine.
• Simulator makes debug more easier.

6
Structure of Nachos

7
Installation of Nachos
Linux only…

8
Linux 32-bit machine only
• Theoretically, You can use any Linux distribution as your platform.
• Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian…
• Remember to use 32-bit instead of 64-bit.
• Recommended choice, 32-bit Ubuntu 14.04 or older version.
• So how can I set up the environment exactly?

9
Virtual Machine & Image
• Virtual machine runs on your current OS.
• virtual box, vmware…
• Ubuntu Desktop
• http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/
• Download the image (.iso file).
• Remember to choose 32-bit version!
• Load the image into your virtual machine.
• Or you can set up your own new virtual machine of course.

10
Nachos installation on Ubuntu 14.04 (32bit)
• Download the Nachos package and the cross compiler package from
http://cc.ee.ntu.edu.tw/~farn/courses/OS/OS2015/index.htm
• Install g++ and csh
• sudo apt-get install g++
• sudo apt-get install csh
• Untar packages
• tar –zxvf nachos-4.0.tar
• mv mips-x86.linux-xgcc.tar /
• tar –zxvf /mips-x86.linux-xgcc.tar
• Make
• cd ~/nachos-4.0/code
• make

11
File Hierarchy of Nachos
• bin
• filesys
• File system
• lib
• Many useful data structures.
• E.g. bitmap, hash, list…
• Machine
• Hardware and virtual memory.

12
File Hierarchy of Nachos
• network
• ports
• test
• Some test cases here.
• threads
• thread managements, synchronizations.
• userprog
• Process and memory management for users.
• The first project focus on here.

13
Project 1
Thread Management

14
Project 1
• cd ./userprog
• ./nachos –e ../test/test1
• Print integer:9
• Print integer:8
• Print integer:7
• Print integer:6
• ./nachos –e ../test/test2
• Print integer:20
• Print integer:21
• Print integer:22
• Print integer:23
• Print integer:24
• Print integer:25
• The programs execute correctly
15
Project 1
• ./nachos –e ../test/test1 –e ../test/test2
• Print integer:9
• Print integer:8
• Print integer:7
• Print integer:20
• Print integer:21
• Print integer:22
• Print integer:23
• Print integer:24
• Print integer:6
• Print integer:7
• …
• The result is wrong. And we are going to fix it.

16
Trace code and fix the issue
• Trace the following files and find out why the result is wrong
• nachos-4.0/code/userprog/addrspace.h
• nachos-4.0/code/userprog/addrspace.cc
• nachos-4.0/code/userprog/userkernel.cc
• nachos-4.0/code/userprog/translate.h
• nachos-4.0/code/userprog/translate.cc
• After you fix the bug, recompile Nachos and see if the result is correct.
• (Optional)Design your own test program and see what’s the
difference.
• Tell us anything interesting you find by your report.

17
Format of Source code & Report
• Report
• Why the result is not congruent with expected.
• The plan you take to fix the problem in Nachos.
• How you really modified Nachos, including some (not all) important code
segments and comments.
• Experiment result and some analysis.
• Please saved as [Student ID]_NachOS_report.pdf
• E.g. r04942044_NachOS_report.pdf

18
Hand in source code & report
• Source Code
• tar zcvf [Student ID]_Nachos1.tar.gz ./nachos-4.0
• E.g. r04942044_Nachos1.tar.gz
• Mail your source code and report to [email protected]
• One pdf file as report and one tar.gz file as source code.
• Deadline: Nov.18.2015, 23:59:59.

19
Presentation
• Choose one of these three projects to present:
• Nov.18.2015
• Dec.16.2015
• Jan.20.2016
• Register you choice in the following link before Oct.28.2015.
• http://goo.gl/forms/6xQSr5MqBn
• About 11 people to present in each project.
• Randomly assigned from first wish to last.
• If not registered, I will randomly assign you to each of the three.
• About 10 minutes(not including Q&A) in you presentation.

20
Presentation Details
• What’s your contribution to this project.
• Not necessary to make ppt.
• You can just use your report and source code to present.
• The main point is…
• Problem analysis and what’s you plan to solve it.
• What you do with this project.
• Extra observation.
• Some presentation skill.

21
Grading Policy
• With presentation:
• Nachos source code: (30%)
• Report: (30%)
• Correct format: (20%)
• Presentation: (20%)
• Without presentation:
• Nachos source code: (40%)
• Report: (40%)
• Correct format: (20%)

22
Late Policy
• 10% penalty per day.
• Late penalty only holds for a week
• After 7 days, you will get 70% penalty, but no more penalty after that.
• That is, after n(n>=7) days, you will still get 70% penalty.
• Don’t give up!
• No plagiarism.
Some tips for Nachos
• Design before coding.
• Better create your own test program to get the idea.
• Trace before coding.
• Some IDE or text editor is useful if you are not a professional vim/emac user.
• No need to trace all the code in single project.
• Some useful data structure has been implemented in Nachos.
• See the lib directory.
• Google is your best friend.
• Copy and paste the error message to Google is useful.
• You are not alone 

24
TODO
• Register you choice in the following link before Oct.28.2015.
• http://goo.gl/forms/6a5COlMGuB
• Install the environment and Nachos.
• See what’s the problem.
• Fix the bug.
• Write the report.
• Send the code and report to TA with correct format.
• Prepare the presentation if you should.

25
Reference
• Nachos wiki:
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Not_Another_Completely_Heuristic_Operating
_System
• Nachos official site:
• http://homes.cs.washington.edu/~tom/nachos/
• Ubuntu desktop:
• http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop
• Nachos Beginner’s Guide:
• https://www.ida.liu.se/~TDDI12/material/begguide/

26