CREATING AN SQL DATABASE following the C.R.U.

D (CREATE, READ, UPDATE, DELETE)

1. Create the table within the database.

CREATE TABLE Users (

name VARCHAR(128),

email VARCHAR(128)

);

2. INSERT values into the columns of the table.

INSERT INTO Users (name, email) VALUES ('Greg Monroe','[email protected]');

INSERT INTO Users (name, email) VALUES ('Simone Lovey','[email protected]');
INSERT INTO Users (name, email) VALUES ('Ken Chris','[email protected]');
INSERT INTO Users (name, email) VALUES ('Timothy Crawford','[email protected]');
INSERT INTO Users (name, email) VALUES ('Tiffany Price','[email protected]');
INSERT INTO Users (name, email) VALUES ('Jenny Whitehouse','[email protected]');

3. DELETE an entry that was INSERTED into the table.

DELETE FROM User WHERE email = '[email protected]';

4. Update an entry that was made into the table

UPDATE Users SET name = 'Krissy' WHERE email = '[email protected]'

5. READ / SELECT an entry from the table.

SELECT * FROM Users WHERE email = '[email protected]'; (To see one record in the table)

SELECT * FROM Users; (To view the entire table)

SELECT * FROM Users ORDER BY email; (SORT IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER)

SELECT COUNT (*) FROM Users; (COUNT ROWS WITH SELECT)

SELECT COUNT (*) FROM Users WHERE email = '[email protected]'; (COUNT ROWS WITH
SELECT)

SELECT * FROM Users WHERE name LIKE ‘%e%’; (This means show me all the entries that
have ‘e’ in their names.)
 DATA TYPES
STRING FIELD
CHAR – ALLOCATES THE ENTIRE SPACE (FASTER FOR SMALLER STRINGERS WHERE THE
LENGTH IS KNOWN)

VARCHAR – ALLOCATES A VARIABLE AMOUNT OF SPACE DEPENDING ON THE DATA

LENGTH (LESS SPACE)

TEXT FIELD
Have a CHARACTER SET - If you are inserting a paragraph, a blog or a facebook post, etc,
then you would use one of the following:
TINYTEXT – UP TO 255 CHARACTERS
TEXT – UP TO 65K CHARACTERS
MEDIUM TEXT – UP TO 16M
LONGTEXT – UP TO 4GIGABYTES

BINARY TYPES
Characters = 8-32 bits of information depending on the character set.
BYTE (n) = UP TO 255 BYTES
VARBINARY (n) = UP TO 65K BYTES

- Small data Images

BINARY LARGE OBJECTS (BLOB)

Large raw data, files, images, word documents, PDFS, movies, etc
No translation, character set or indexing

TINYBLOB – UP TO 255
 BLOB – UP TO 65K
MEDIUMBLOB – UP TO 16M
LONGBLOB – UP TO 4G

INTEGER NUMBERS

They are very efficient, take little storage, and are very easy to process because CPUs can
usually compare them with a single instruction. They are used for comparing, sorting and
indexing.

TINYINT – (-128,128)

SMALLINT – (-32768, 32768)

INT OR INTEGER – (2BILLION)

BIGINT – (10**18 ish)

FLOAT

They can represent a wide range of values, but accuracy is limited. They measure temperature,
etc.

Float (32 bit) = 10**38 with seven digits of accuracy

Double (64 bit) = 10**308 with fourteen digits of accuracy

DATES

TIMESTAMP – This is only limited to time between the years 1970 and 2037. ‘YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS’

DATETIME – This can facilitate any time from any year. ‘YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS’

DATE - ‘YYYY-MM-DD’

TIME – ‘HH:MM:SS’
Built in MySQL function NOW ()

DATABASE KEYS AND INDEXES

AUTO-INCREMENT

Often when we make multiple tables and need to join them, we use an integer primary key for each
row so that we can efficiently add a reference to a row in some other table as a foreign key.

CREATE TABLE Users (

user_id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO-INCREMENT,

name VARCHAR(128),

email VARCHAR(128),

PRIMARY KEY (user_id),

INDEX (email)

);

RELATIONAL DATABASE DESIGN

1. Do not replicate vertical data. Point to it as a single entry.
 JOINING TABLES

ONE TO ONE RELATIONSHIP

CREATE DATABASE Music DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8;

CREATE TABLE Artist (

artist_id INTEGER NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
name VARCHAR(255),
PRIMARY KEY(artist_id)
)
ENGINE = InnovDB;

CREATE TABLE Album(

album_id INTERGER NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
title VARCHAR(255),
artist_id INTEGER,
PRIMARY KEY(album_id),
INDEX USING BTREE(title),

CONSTRAINT FOREIGN KEY (artist_id)

REFERENCE Artist (artist_id)
ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE
)
ENGINE = InnoDB;

CREATE TABLE Genre (

genre_id INTEGER NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
name VARCHAR (255),
PRIMARY KEY(genre_id)
)
ENGINE = InnoDB;

CREATE TABLE Track(

track_id INTEGER NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
title VARCHAR(255),
len INTEGER,
rating INTEGER,
count INTEGER,
album_id INTEGER,
genre_id INTEGER,

PRIMARY KEY (track_id),

INDEX USING BTREE(title),

CONTRAINT FOREIGN KEY(album_id) REFERENCES Album (album_id)

ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE,
CONSTRAINT FOREIGN KEY (genre_id) REFERENCES Genre (genre_id)
ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE,
)ENGINE = InnovDB;

INSERT INTO Artist (name) VALUES ('Nicki Minaj');

INSERT INTO Artist (name) VALUES ('Beyonce');
INSERT INTO Artist (name) VALUES ('Rihanna');

INSERT INTO Album (title, artist_id) VALUES ('Lemonade', 2);

INSERT INTO Album (title, artist_id) VALUES ('The Lion King', 2);

INSERT INTO Album (title, artist_id) VALUES ('Loud', 3);

INSERT INTO Album (title, artist_id) VALUES ('Anti', 3);

INSERT INTO Album (title, artist_id) VALUES ('Queen', 1);

INSERT INTO Genre (name) VALUES ('R&B');

INSERT INTO Genre (name) VALUES ('Hip Hop');

INSERT INTO Track (title, rating, len, count, album_id, genre_id) VALUES ('Hold up', 10, 230, 0, 1,
1);
INSERT INTO Track (title, rating, len, count, album_id, genre_id) VALUES ('Sorry', 10, 300, 0, 1, 1);

INSERT INTO Track (title, rating, len, count, album_id, genre_id) VALUES ('All Night', 10, 240, 0,
1, 1);

INSERT INTO Track (title, rating, len, count, album_id, genre_id) VALUES ('Transformation', 10,
310, 0, 1, 1);

INSERT INTO Track (title, rating, len, count, album_id, genre_id) VALUES ('Brown Skin Girl', 10,
230, 0, 2, 1);

INSERT INTO Track (title, rating, len, count, album_id, genre_id) VALUES ('Spirit', 10, 230, 0, 2, 1);

INSERT INTO Track (title, rating, len, count, album_id, genre_id) VALUES ('Return to Pride Rock',
10, 230, 0, 2, 1);

INSERT INTO Track (title, rating, len, count, album_id, genre_id) VALUES ('The King', 10, 230, 0,
2, 1);

INSERT INTO Track (title, rating, len, count, album_id, genre_id) VALUES ('What's my name', 10,
230, 0, 3, 2);

INSERT INTO Track (title, rating, len, count, album_id, genre_id) VALUES ('Skin', 10, 230, 0, 3, 2);

INSERT INTO Track (title, rating, len, count, album_id, genre_id) VALUES ('California King bed',
10, 230, 0, 3, 2);

INSERT INTO Track (title, rating, len, count, album_id, genre_id) VALUES ('Only girl', 10, 230, 0, 3,
2);

INSERT INTO Track (title, rating, len, count, album_id, genre_id) VALUES ('Kiss it better', 10, 230,
0, 3, 1);

INSERT INTO Track (title, rating, len, count, album_id, genre_id) VALUES ('James Joint', 10, 230,
0, 3, 1);

INSERT INTO Track (title, rating, len, count, album_id, genre_id) VALUES ('Consideration', 10,
230, 0, 3, 1);

INSERT INTO Track (title, rating, len, count, album_id, genre_id) VALUES ('Higher', 10, 230, 0, 3,
1);
INSERT INTO Track (title, rating, len, count, album_id, genre_id) VALUES ('High School', 10, 230,
0, 1, 2);

INSERT INTO Track (title, rating, len, count, album_id, genre_id) VALUES ('Moment for Life', 10,
230, 0, 1, 2);

INSERT INTO Track (title, rating, len, count, album_id, genre_id) VALUES ('Roman Holiday', 10,
230, 0, 1, 2);

INSERT INTO Track (title, rating, len, count, album_id, genre_id) VALUES ('Knock Out', 10, 230, 0,
1, 2);

select DISTINCT Artist.name, Genre.name from Track join Genre join Album join Artist on
Track.genre_id = Genre.genre_id and Track.album_id = Album.album_id and Album.artist_id =
Artist.artist_id where Artist.name = 'Beyonce'

MANY TO MANY RELATIONSHIP

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Member;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS 'User';
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Course;

CREATE TABLE 'User' (

user_id INTEGER NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
name VARCHAR (128) UNIQUE,
PRIMARY KEY (user_id)
)Engine = InnoDB Character set=utf8;

CREATE TABLE Course (

course_id INTEGER NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
title VARCHAR (128) UNIQUE,
PRIMARY KEY (course_id)
)Engine = InnoDB Character set=utf8;

CREATE TABLE Member(

user_id INTEGER,
course_id INTEGER,
role INTEGER,

CONSTRAINT ON FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES ‘User’ (user_id)

ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE,
CONSTRAINT ON FOREIGN KEY (course_id) REFERENCES Course (course_id)
ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE

PRIMARY KEY (user_id, course_id)

)ENGINE = InnoDB Character set=utf8;