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Week 11 Notes

1. The document discusses initiatives to address gentrification and promote affordable housing, including community land trusts that acquire land and hold it in trust for future generations to protect against speculative markets. 2. It also examines "sanctuary cities" that refuse to cooperate with federal immigration enforcement in order to honor mobility rights, emerging in response to Central American civil wars, with religious leaders arguing provision of sanctuary is an ethical duty. 3. Under Trump's immigration policies, sanctuary cities risk losing hundreds of millions in federal funds, with at least 39 US cities having some sanctuary policies, as the crisis of sanctuary in the US intensifies due to increased immigration enforcement and arrests.

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Natalie Mitchell
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18 views

Week 11 Notes

1. The document discusses initiatives to address gentrification and promote affordable housing, including community land trusts that acquire land and hold it in trust for future generations to protect against speculative markets. 2. It also examines "sanctuary cities" that refuse to cooperate with federal immigration enforcement in order to honor mobility rights, emerging in response to Central American civil wars, with religious leaders arguing provision of sanctuary is an ethical duty. 3. Under Trump's immigration policies, sanctuary cities risk losing hundreds of millions in federal funds, with at least 39 US cities having some sanctuary policies, as the crisis of sanctuary in the US intensifies due to increased immigration enforcement and arrests.

Uploaded by

Natalie Mitchell
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CITIES AND URBAN LIFE

Department of Geography & Planning


University of Toronto
GGR124 2018
WEEK 11
TODAY
1. ‘Home’ across the crisis of shelter and sanctuary
2. Building urban futures in the struggle for affordable housing
3. The city as transnational home: Sanctuary Cities
TODAY’S QUESTIONS
• What promising initiatives have emerged to respond to gentrification and
build affordable and inclusive communities’?

• How are efforts to provide sanctuary in the city also remake ‘home’?
• Does rebuilding ‘home’ require work across scales?
• >80% of New York Households have a high rent burden.
1

3
1 Government-led gentrification through urban renewal
2 Development oriented towards tourists not residents
3 Transportation improvements increase land values
“South L.A. is the future of L.A. in many different ways… It’s actually the
future of multiracial organizing in L.A., in California, and in the nation.”
Community Land Trusts
• A Land Trust is a non-profit organization which acquires land and removes it
from the speculative market.

• The hallmark of a land trust is the direct action they take to protect the local
land base, and that they hold those lands in trust for future generations.

“This approach is based on the notion that land is not a commodity, but a
fundamental resource in which the community, as well as the users, have interests.
CLTs see themselves as performing a stewardship role over the land on behalf of
the community.” – CMHC, 2018
Community Land Trusts…
• Land Trusts are governed by their membership.
• Membership is generally open to all residents of the community, including
typically leaseholders of Trust’s land, those interested in leasing, other
residents of the community, as well as representatives from various
interested community groups, such as local business and non-profit
housing organizations.
• An elected board of directors oversees the activities of the organization.
This board is elected by the membership, and is normally structured to
balance the representation from the various interest groups.
• Trusts are typically run by small staffs, and many rely entirely on
volunteers. The staffs are responsible for fundraising, property
management, and the development and acquisition of land for the benefit
of the community.
https://parkdalecommunityeconomies.wordpress.com/community-land-trust/what-is-a-community-land-
trust-model/
http://www.pnlt.ca/about/
The crisis of sanctuary in the US
is not new – but there is renewed
urgency in the context of the
current administration.
The Trump administration is
currently seeking a $21.5 billion
budget for its immigration and
border enforcement agenda, an
amount greater than the budgets
of all other law enforcement
agencies combined.
In Trump's first year, US
Immigration and Customs
Enforcement arrested 109,000
criminals and 46,000 people
without criminal records -- a
171% increase in the number of
non-criminal individuals arrested
over 2016.
SANCTUARYCITY
• Refers to a city or
municipality that refuses to
cooperate with federal
immigration enforcement in
order to honor a right to
mobility.

• Los Angeles became the first


Sanctuary City in 1979.

• The movement emerged


earlier, in response to US
fueled civil wars in El
Salvador and Guatemala.

• Church leaders responded to


the crisis, arguing that
provision of sanctuary was an
ethical and political
responsibility.
SANCTUARYCITY
• Under Trump’s immigration Executive Order, Sanctuary Cities stand to lose hundreds
of millions of dollars in federal transfers.
• At least 39 US cities have some form of Sanctuary status.
The Principles
1 Access to basic and essential services will be determined by need and not migration
status.

Services such as education, health services, food security, dignified housing,


public transit, public safety, legal aid, and municipal services are meant for
everyone regardless of status. This means:

• Not asking for proof of citizenship or information regarding immigration


status when people are accessing services.
• In circumstances when identification is required, service providers will accept
other forms of identification, including but not limited to: letters of
reference/support, municipal ID, expired ID.
• Apply human and labour rights equally to all people regardless of migration
status, and value people based upon their humanity.
The Principles
2 Access without fear.
The fear of debt, deportation, and/or death should not limit people’s access to
services. We recognize that the responsibility of enforcing immigration law falls
onto Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) and Citizenship and Immigration
Canada (CIC) alone, and is NOT the responsibility of service providers, health
care workers, other police agencies, transit security nor the municipal
government. As such service providers will:

• Treat all information regarding other peoples’ immigration status as strictly


confidential, and never share it with CBSA or CIC
• Create and ensure CBSA free zones, where public spaces such as hospitals,
clinics, schools, parks, community centers, neighborhood houses, settlement
services, food banks, libraries, shelters, construction sites, city hall and
public transit are zones where CBSA are not called, welcomed, or allowed
entry
• Ensure that municipal and public resources will not be used to support
CBSA investigations or activities
FINAL EXAM ELECTION
-Please put your hand up if you would like to
nominate a concept, question, or topic from today’s
lecture for the final exam.

- We (you!) will vote with a show of hands.

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