Exampro GCSE Biology: B3.3 Homeostasis
Exampro GCSE Biology: B3.3 Homeostasis
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Time: 83
Marks: 83
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Page 1 of 26
Q1. The pancreas and the liver are both involved in the control of the concentration of
glucose in the blood.
• the hepatic portal vein taking blood from the small intestine to the liver
• the hepatic vein taking blood from the liver back towards the heart.
Scientists measured the concentration of glucose in samples of blood taken from the
hepatic portal vein and the hepatic vein. The samples were taken 1 hour and 6 hours
after a meal.
Graph 1 shows the concentration of glucose in the two blood vessels 1 hour after the meal.
Graph 1
Blood vessel
(a) The concentration of glucose in the blood of the two vessels is different.
Explain why.
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(3)
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(b) Graph 2 shows the concentration of glucose in the two blood vessels 6 hours after the
meal.
Graph 2
Blood vessel
(i) The concentration of glucose in the blood in the hepatic portal vein 1 hour after the
meal is different from the concentration after 6 hours.
Why?
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(1)
(ii) The person does not eat any more food during the next 6 hours after the meal.
However, 6 hours after the meal, the concentration of glucose in the blood in the
hepatic vein is higher than the concentration of glucose in the blood in the hepatic
portal vein.
Explain why.
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(3)
(Total 7 marks)
Page 3 of 26
Q2. A walker falls through thin ice into very cold water.
The walker’s core body temperature falls. He may die of hypothermia (when core body
temperature falls too low).
(a) (i) Which part of the brain monitors the fall in core body temperature?
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(1)
(ii) How does this part of the brain detect the fall in core body temperature?
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(2)
Shivering helps to stop the core body temperature falling too quickly.
Explain how.
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(2)
Alcohol causes changes to the blood vessels supplying the skin capillaries, making the
skin look red.
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(1)
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(ii) The walker is much more likely to die of hypothermia than someone who has not
been drinking alcohol.
Explain why.
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(2)
(Total 8 marks)
Q3. Urine consists of water, ions and other substances such as urea.
Urine is formed in the kidney by filtering the blood.
The diameter of the pores in the filter is about 6 nanometres.
The table shows the diameters of the molecules of some of the substances in the blood.
Diameter of molecule
Substance
in nanometres
A 10 to 20
B 1.0
C 0.6
D 0.5
E 0.2
Use information from the table and your own knowledge to answer the questions.
(1)
(ii) Explain why protein is not found in the urine of a healthy person.
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(1)
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(b) Haemolytic anaemia is a disease in which some of the red blood cells burst open.
Small amounts of haemoglobin may be found in the urine of a person suffering from
haemolytic anaemia.
The diameter of a haemoglobin molecule is 5.5 nanometres.
Haemoglobin is not found in the urine of a healthy person, but can be found in the urine of
a person with haemolytic anaemia.
Explain why.
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(3)
(Total 5 marks)
Q4. The temperature in a sauna is much hotter than core body temperature.
(a) When the woman’s core body temperature rises, the woman’s rate of sweating increases.
Explain why.
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(2)
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(b) The woman comes out of the sauna.
The woman’s skin looks redder than when she went into the sauna.
Describe what happened to the blood circulation in her skin to cause this change in colour.
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(2)
(c) After coming out of the sauna the woman gets into a bath of icy water.
This makes the woman shiver.
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(1)
Explain how.
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(2)
(Total 7 marks)
Q5. Blood plasma is a solution of glucose, and many other substances, in water.
The urine of a healthy person contains water but does not contain glucose.
(a) Name two more substances found in the urine of a healthy person.
1 ..................................................................
2 ..................................................................
(2)
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(b) (i) Describe what happens to the glucose in the blood of a healthy person when the
blood enters the kidney.
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(3)
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(2)
(Total 7 marks)
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Q6. One group of scientists is working in a hot desert and another group is working in a tropical
rainforest.
The table shows information about the scientists and the conditions in the desert and the
rainforest.
(a) Both groups of scientists are doing similar jobs. The jobs cause the scientists to sweat a
lot.
Use information from the table to explain the difference in the mean core body temperature
of the two groups of scientists.
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(2)
(b) Changes to blood vessels in the skin help to decrease body temperature.
Explain how.
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(2)
(Total 4 marks)
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Q7. Use your knowledge of how the kidney works to answer the following questions.
(a) Blood plasma contains mineral ions, glucose, urea and proteins.
Explain why urine contains mineral ions and urea, but no glucose or protein.
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(4)
(b) A man ate and drank the same amounts of the same substances and he did the same
amount of exercise on two different days. On one of the two days the weather was hot and
on the other day the weather was cold.
The man’s urine contained a higher concentration of mineral ions and urea on the hot day
than on the cold day.
Explain why.
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(4)
(Total 8 marks)
Page 10 of 26
Q8. Blood is part of the circulatory system.
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(1)
(1)
(b) Urea is transported by the blood plasma from where it is made to where the urea is
excreted.
A scientist is designing a new heart valve. The scientist knows that the valve must be the
correct size to fit in the heart.
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Suggest two other factors the scientist needs to consider so that the newly designed valve
works effectively in the heart.
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(2)
(Total 6 marks)
(a) Describe the role of blood vessels in the control of body temperature.
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(4)
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(b) An athlete can run a marathon in 2 hours 15 minutes on a dry day in outside temperatures
up to 35 °C.
In humid conditions the same athlete can run the marathon in the same time.
However, in humid conditions, if the outside temperature goes over 18 °C then his body
will overheat.
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(3)
(Total 7 marks)
Q10. Urine consists of water, ions and other substances such as urea.
Urine is formed in the kidney by filtering the blood.
The diameter of the pores in the filter is about 6 nanometres.
The table shows the diameters of the molecules of some of the substances in the
blood.
Diameter of molecule
Substance
in nanometres
A 10 to 20
B 1
C 0.6
D 0.5
E 0.2
Use information from the table and your own knowledge to answer the questions.
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(ii) Protein is not found in the urine of a healthy person.
Explain why.
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(2)
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(2)
(c) Haemolytic anaemia is a disease in which some of the red blood cells burst open.
Small amounts of haemoglobin may be found in the urine of a person suffering from
haemolytic anaemia.
The diameter of a haemoglobin molecule is 5.5 nanometres.
Haemoglobin is not found in the urine of a healthy person, but haemoglobin can be
found in the urine of a person with haemolytic anaemia.
Explain why.
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(3)
(Total 8 marks)
Page 14 of 26
Q11. The graph shows the core body temperature and the skin surface temperature of a cyclist
before, during and after a race.
Start
of race
(a) (i) When the cyclist finished the race, his core body temperature started to decrease.
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(1)
(ii) Describe and explain the different patterns shown in the core body temperature and
skin surface temperature between 09.15 and 10.15.
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(6)
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(iii) After 10.30, the core body temperature decreased.
Explain how changes in the blood vessels supplying the skin caused the skin surface
temperature to increase.
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(2)
(b) During the race, the cyclist’s blood glucose concentration began to decrease.
Describe how the body responds when the blood glucose concentration begins to
decrease.
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(3)
(Total 12 marks)
Q12. (a) Which organ in the body monitors the concentration of glucose (sugar) in the blood?
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(1)
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(b) In a healthy person, insulin prevents high levels of glucose in the blood.
To make insulin, cells in the pancreas need amino acids.
Describe, as fully as you can, what happens to amino acids that cannot be stored in the
body.
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(3)
(Total 4 marks)
Page 17 of 26
M1. (a) (concentration high) in the hepatic portal vein is blood with glucose absorbed from the
intestine
1
or
(b) (i) (after 6 hours) most of the glucose has been absorbed from the intestine or
from food into the blood
1
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(c) (i) (blood vessels / arteries / arterioles) dilate / widen
do not accept capillaries dilate
ignore blood vessels get bigger / expand
do not accept idea of blood vessels moving
1
• more evaporation
need to refer to more at least once to gain both marks
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(b) blood vessels supplying (skin) capillaries
do not accept capillaries / veins
1
or
arteries
or
arterioles
1
dilate / widen
allow vasodilation
do not accept idea of blood vessels moving
note: marks are awarded independently
accept shunt vessels close for 2 marks
1
(ii) respiration
• urea
• allow ammonia
• allow creatinine
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(b) (i) glucose filtered (into kidney tubule)
accept Bowman’s capsule
1
more blood (through skin / surface capillaries) leads to greater heat loss
1
[4]
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glucose is filtered and (re)absorbed
allow glucose (completely) reabsorbed
1
M8. (a) (i) defence against or destroy pathogens / bacteria / viruses / microorganisms
do not allow ‘destroy disease’
accept engulf pathogen / bacteria / viruses / microorganism
accept phagocytosis
accept produce antibodies / antitoxins
allow immune response
1
(b) liver
in this order only
1
kidney(s)
1
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(c) any two from:
M9. (a) if body temperature too high blood vessels supplying skin (capillaries) dilate / widen
do not accept capillaries / veins dilate/constrict
1
if body temperature is too low blood vessels supplying skin (capillaries) constrict /
narrow
do not accept idea of blood vessels moving (through skin)
1
ignore expand
accept arteries / arterioles for ‘blood vessels’
if no reference to skin allow blood vessels dilate and blood vessels
constrict for one mark
so more / less blood flows through skin (capillaries) or nearer the surface of the skin
must correctly relate to dilation or constriction
1
cannot evaporate because of high humidity / all the water vapour in the air
1
or
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cannot pass through filter
(protein is) too big to get through the filter = 2 marks
1
reabsorbed completely
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(iii) (there is) dilation of vessels (supplying skin capillaries)
allow vasodilation
allow blood vessels widen
ignore expand
do not accept dilating capillaries or moving vessels
1
(so) more blood flows (near skin) (surface) or blood is closer (to the skin)
ignore ref to heat
1
produces glucagon
do not allow glucagon made in the liver
1
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