Name L.

t Class Y9G Date 11/26/2020

1 Students set up the apparatus shown below.

They add dilute hydrochloric acid with a pH of 2 to the flask. They then add some lumps of
calcium metal. The graph shows their results.

After the experiment had finished, one student tests the pH of the solution in the flask again. It
is pH7.
(a) After 40 seconds they had collected 9  cm3 of hydrogen. Plot this point on the graph and link
the points with lines.
(1)

(b) Name one metal that would react at a slower rate than calcium in this reaction.

Beryllium
(1)
(c) Explain how you know that the students are investigating a reaction that cannot be reversed.

It is a neutralization reaction the solution of the Ph went neutralized from 2 to 7. And

neutralization reaction cannot be reversed.

(2)

(d) One

product of this reaction is calcium chloride. Write a word equation for the reaction.

Hydrochloric acid + Calcium = Calcium Chloride + Hydrogen

(1)

(e) Describe the evidence in the results that shows that the calcium was still reacting when the
students stopped taking their readings.

When a reaction stops, the volume of the product steady and it does not increase anymore.
There are no horizontal lines on graph too.
(1)

(f) When was the rate of reaction fastest? Tick one box.

A 0 to 20 seconds

B 20 to 60 seconds

C 60 to 80 seconds

D 80 to 100 seconds

(1)

(g) Calculate the mean rate of reaction between these two times. Show all your working.
(12-5) / (60-20) =7/40=0.175cm^3/s

Mean rate of reaction: 0.175cm^3/s

(2)

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 (h) Explain why the rate of reaction changes over time.

It is because the reaction starts and there are stay a lot of particles to react so that they will
be bumping to each other more so it will react. After a while most of the particles will have
reacted and there will only be a few particles left over. When there is only few a few left
there will be only a few lefts.

(2)

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 (i) One student wants to do the experiment again using the same volume of hydrochloric acid
and the same mass of calcium. This time they wanted to use calcium powder instead of
lumps of metal.
Sketch a line on the graph to show what the results may look like if calcium powder is used.
(2)

(j) Explain why using the powder would have this effect. Write about particles in your answer.

When a reaction happens, the particles will bump into each other to create a reaction.
When there is a small area then fewer particles will only have less space. When the area is
large more particle will have more space to react. To create a large area without having to
affect the volume you need to separate the large reactants into smaller pieces. That will be
the same number of reactants but it will increase the area therefore it will react faster.

(3)

(Total for Question 1 = 16 marks)

1 The diagram shows an atom.

(a) What is the central part of the atom called? Tick one box.

A electron

B proton

C neutron

D nucleus

(1)

(b) Give one reason why the atom in the drawing has no overall charge.

It is because the number of electrons and protons are equal. Electron always have a
negative charge while the proton has 1 positive charge.

(1)

(Total for Question 2 = 2 marks)

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2 A student wants to see if there is a relationship (correlation) between the strength of a salt
solution and how well the solution conducts electricity. She takes different volumes of a sodium
chloride solution and adds distilled water until the volume is 100 cm3. She then puts the solution
into a beaker and measures the current between two electrodes (attached to a power pack).
The graph shows her results.

(a) Explain why the solution conducts electricity.

Because the solution includes sodium chloride which is an ionic compound and the ionic
compounds absorb electricity very well.

(2)

(b) Give one reason for the relationship shown in the graph.

(1)

(Total for Question 3 = 3 marks)

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3 A student puts several spatulas of blue copper
sulfate crystals into a test tube. He heats the
test tube. The substance turns white.
The equation for this reaction is:
CuSO4 6H2O(s) CuSO4(s) + 6H2O(g)

(a) What does the symbol tell you about the reaction? Tick one box.

A The reaction is slow.

B The reaction is fast.

C The reaction is reversible.

D The reaction is irreversible.

(1)

(b) During the reaction, in what state is water released? Tick one box.

A solid

B gas

C steam

D liquid

(1)

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 (c) Complete the reaction profile below for this reaction. Use the information at the start of the
question to help you.

(1)

(Total for Question 4 = 3 marks)

4 Some students measure the temperature before and after some chemical reactions.
The results are shown in the table.
Reaction Reactants Start temp. End temp. (°C)
(°C)
A ammonium chloride water 21 12

B magnesium nitric acid 20 36

copper sulfate
C magnesium 20 27
solution
sodium dilute hydrochloric
D 19 14
hydrogencarbonate acid
copper sulfate
E zinc 20 52
solution

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 (a) In all these reactions there is a transfer of energy from the surroundings or to the
surroundings.
What liquid makes up the surroundings in reaction C? Tick one box.

A water

B nitric acid

C hydrochloric acid

D the test tube

(1)

(b) Which letters in the table indicate endothermic reactions? Tick one box.

A B and C

B C and E

C B and E

D A and D

(1)

In reaction B, when nitric acid (HNO3) is reacted with magnesium, the products are soluble
magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO3)2) and hydrogen.
(c) Write a balanced symbol equation for this reaction, including state symbols.

(2)

(Total for Question 5 = 4 marks)

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2 The diagrams show a model for the bonding in two metals, X and Y.

Use the model to explain why metal Y will be harder than metal X.

(Total for Question 6 = 2 marks)

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