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The Constitutive Matrix For A Isotropic Material

The document discusses different types of constitutive matrices used to relate stress and strain in materials. It describes: 1) The basic constitutive matrix for isotropic materials like metals, relating stress and strain through constants like Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio. 2) The constitutive matrix for orthotropic materials like fiber reinforced composites, which have different material properties in different directions. 3) Functionally graded materials whose properties vary continuously through the material, with examples given of gear teeth designed this way to optimize hardness and strength.

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Karthick Murugesan
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134 views3 pages

The Constitutive Matrix For A Isotropic Material

The document discusses different types of constitutive matrices used to relate stress and strain in materials. It describes: 1) The basic constitutive matrix for isotropic materials like metals, relating stress and strain through constants like Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio. 2) The constitutive matrix for orthotropic materials like fiber reinforced composites, which have different material properties in different directions. 3) Functionally graded materials whose properties vary continuously through the material, with examples given of gear teeth designed this way to optimize hardness and strength.

Uploaded by

Karthick Murugesan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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APPLIED FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS (ME7920) NAME : M.

KARTHICK
ASSIGNMENT -7 ROLL NO : AE12M009
Date: 08 Mar 2013

Constitutive Matrix:

The constitutive relation is the one relates stress to strain, stress is tensor of order two has 9
components, strain is also a tensor has 9 components. Then the relation between them is
established through the constitutive relation which is a elastic tensor of 9 X 9 = 81 components

σij = Cijkl εkl

Cijkl = Constitutive relation (or) constitutive Matrix.

σij = εkl =

After applying the moment equilibrium, the strain and stress components are reduced to 6 instead
of 9

σij = σji , εkl = εlk


The constitutive matrix also reduced to 36 instead of 91

The constitutive matrix for a isotropic material

𝜎𝑥𝑥 (1 − 𝜈) 𝜈 𝜈 0 0 0 𝜀𝑥𝑥
⎧𝜎𝑦𝑦 ⎫ ⎡ ⎤ ⎧𝜀𝑦𝑦 ⎫
𝜈 (1 − 𝜈) 𝜈 0 0 0
⎪𝜎 ⎪ ⎢ ⎥ ⎪𝜀 ⎪
𝐸 (1 − 𝜈)
𝑧𝑧
= ⎢ 𝜈 𝜈 0 0 0 ⎥ 𝑧𝑧
𝜏 (1 + 𝜈)(1 − 2𝜈) ⎢ 0 0 0 (0.5 − 𝜈) 0 0 𝛾
⎨ 𝑥𝑦 ⎬ ⎥ ⎨ 𝑥𝑦 ⎬
⎪ 𝜏𝑦𝑧 ⎪ ⎢ 0 0 0 0 (0.5 − 𝜈) 0 ⎥ ⎪ 𝛾𝑦𝑧 ⎪
⎩ 𝜏𝑥𝑧 ⎭ ⎣ 0 0 0 0 0 (0.5 − 𝜈)⎦ ⎩ 𝛾𝑥𝑧 ⎭

σ = Dε
“D” is called as the constitutive matrix. In the above the constitutive matrix is for isotropic material.

ν = possions ratio, E = youngs modulus

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APPLIED FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS (ME7920) NAME : M.KARTHICK
ASSIGNMENT -7 ROLL NO : AE12M009
Date: 08 Mar 2013

The constitutive matrix for a Orthotropic material

Fiber reinforced polymer matrix (glass & carbon) composites are have
orthotropic material properties.

ε=σ.S
1 𝜈𝑦𝑥 𝜈𝑧𝑥
⎡ − − 0 0 0 ⎤
𝐸
⎢ 𝑥 𝐸𝑦 𝐸𝑧 ⎥
⎢ 𝜈𝑥𝑦 1 𝜈𝑧𝑦 ⎥
− − 0 0 0
⎢ 𝐸𝑥 𝐸𝑦 𝐸𝑧 ⎥
𝜀𝑥𝑥 ⎢ 𝜈 ⎥ 𝜎𝑥𝑥
⎧𝜀𝑦𝑦 ⎫ 𝑥𝑧 𝜈𝑦𝑧 1 ⎧𝜎𝑦𝑦 ⎫
⎪𝜀 ⎪ ⎢− − 0 0 0 ⎥ ⎪𝜎 ⎪
𝑧𝑧 ⎢ 𝐸 𝑥 𝐸𝑦 𝐸𝑧 ⎥ 𝑧𝑧
𝛾 = 𝜏
⎨ 𝑥𝑦 ⎬ ⎢ 0 1 ⎨ 𝑥𝑦 ⎬
𝛾
⎪ 𝑦𝑧 ⎪ 0 0 0 0 ⎥ ⎪ 𝜏𝑦𝑧 ⎪
⎢ 𝐺𝑥𝑦 ⎥
⎩ 𝛾𝑥𝑧 ⎭ ⎢ ⎥ ⎩ 𝜏𝑥𝑧 ⎭
1
⎢ 0 0 0 0 0 ⎥
𝐺𝑦𝑧
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 1 ⎥
0 0 0 0
⎣ 𝐺𝑥𝑧 ⎦

S = compliance matrix

In the possions ratio (ν), youngs modulus (E) and shear modulus (G) 1= x, 2=y,
3 =z
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APPLIED FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS (ME7920) NAME : M.KARTHICK
ASSIGNMENT -7 ROLL NO : AE12M009
Date: 08 Mar 2013

The constitutive matrix for a Functionally Graded material


Functionally Graded Materials are a new class of engineered materials developed with
spatially varying properties to suit particular applications. The graded composition of such materials
is commonly established and controlled using powder metallurgy, chemical vapor deposition, or
centrifugal casting.
Gears are in contact with other gear so they are subjected to wear, as well as they are
subjected to heavy stresses, To withstand both the situation, the outermost surface of the gear is
hardened to withstand the wear, where as the core of the gear is soft material which will not lead to
brittle fracture.
Typical analytical studies of these materials have assumed linear, exponential, and power-
law variation in elastic moduli of the form

where Coij and a are prescribed constants and x is the spatial coordinate.

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