ISSN(Online): 2320-9801

ISSN (Print): 2320-9798

International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer

and Communication Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Website: www.ijircce.com
Vol. 5, Issue 5, May 2017

RFID Based Intelligent Book

Finder Using Ultra High Frequency Sensor
Nithya.M1, Solaiyammal.K2
M.E Student, Dept. of Communication Systems (ECE), Idhaya Engineering College for Women, Chinnasalem, India 1
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Idhaya Engineering College
for Women, Chinnasalem, India2

ABSTRACT: Locating items rapidly and accurately has become a crucial part of our modern library. Accurate
locating not only saves time and money but also reduces waste, as products do not get lost along supply chains. One
promising indoor tracking method is provided by radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology. The main benefit
of RFID technology is the ability to inventory items simultaneously and rapidly without the requirement of line of sight
to the target. Because RFID tags are attached to various objects and are used in different environments, RFID engineers
are required to design RFID tags that operate reliably within varying environments and medium materials. In this
approach, the books are equipped with an ultrahigh frequency (UHF) RFID tag and can be located using a hand-held
RFID reader device. In addition to locating the books, the system keeps the book inventory up to date.
KEYWORDS: RFID, Library Management System, Proteus Design Suite.
I. INTRODUCTION
RFID stands for Radio-Frequency Identification. The acronym refers to small electronic devices that consist of
a small chip and an antenna. The chip typically is capable of carrying 2,000 bytes of data or less. RFID is a general
term that is used to describe a system that transmits the identity (in the form of a unique serial number) of an object
wirelessly, using radio waves. This is sometimes referred to as contact-less technology and a typical RFID system is
made up of three components: tags, readers and the host computer system.
An RFID tag is a tiny radio device that is also referred to as a transponder, smart tag, smart label or radio
barcode. The tag comprises of a simple silicon microchip attached to a small flat aerial and mounted on a substrate. The
whole device can then be encapsulated in different materials (such as plastic) dependent upon its intended usage.
The RFID tags are embedded into the books and are not visible for detection. The readers since they have a
wide read range unlike bar code readers have the capability to read the tags even when they are embedded within the
books. Special care and attention should be given in programming the tags since they are mostly programmable only
once. These tags can store book name, author information, publication name and etc., but the bar code technology is
limited to only the identification number. The programming cost of RFID tags are much costlier than the barcodes but
it should be noted that the same tag can be reprogrammed if necessary. Depending on the applications added the cost of
tag increases.
In principle an RFID tag works as follows: the reading unit generates an electro-magnetic field which induces
a current into the tag's antenna. The current is used to power the chip. In passive tags the current also charges a
condenser which assures uninterrupted power for the chip. In active tags a battery replaces the condenser. The
difference between active and passive tags is explained shortly. Once activated the tag receives commands from the
reading unit and replies by sending its serial number or the requested information. In general, the tag does not have
enough energy to create its own electro-magnetic field, instead it uses back scattering to modulate (reflect/absorb) the
field sent by the reading unit. Because most fluids absorb electromagnetic fields and most metal reflect those fields the
reading of tags in presence of those materials is complicated.

During a reading cycle, the reader has to continuously power the tag. The created field is called continuous
wave, and because the strength of the field decreases with the square of the distance the readers have to use a rather
large power. That field overpowers any response a tag could give, so therefore tags reply on side-channels which are
located directly below and above the frequency of the continuous wave.

Copyright to IJIRCCE DOI: 10.15680/IJIRCCE.2017. 0505133 9476

 ISSN(Online): 2320-9801
ISSN (Print): 2320-9798

International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer

and Communication Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Website: www.ijircce.com
Vol. 5, Issue 5, May 2017
II. RELATED WORK
The paper [1] presents Event-driven architecture not only shares many of the same characteristics with
service-oriented architecture, such as modularity, loose-couplings, and adaptability, but also has ability to process event
in an asynchronous way. So it is able to respond better to real-time changes and Integrate the system. This article is
concentrate on RIFD information management system design which base on EDA/SOA. The paper [2] proposes RFID
provides a good wireless platform to facilitate indoor positioning. However, duo to the small width of each book spine,
adopting positioning based RFID alone is not enough to locate books in a library. In this work, they combine image
matching with L-GEM based RBFNN to enhance the accuracy and robustness of the book locating system. We apply
this new method in a library to position the certain books. Experimental results show that the proposed method is
highly accurate and robust to white noise of RFID signals. The paper [3] presents a RFID Intelligent Book Conveyor
using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology and embedded technology, they also exploited GUI using Qt
integrated development environment. This book conveyor is a portable equipment with complete functions, friendly
interface and convenient operation. It can greatly improve the work efficiency of librarians and the service quality of
the library. The paper [4] proposes a smart Book-LOCating System called BLOCS with two location modes using
RFID technology – single book mode and book list mode. The single book mode provides users to find the bookshelf
containing the desired book which was misplaced. The book list mode offers a corresponding list of the bookshelves
and the misplaced books regularly for a librarian to localize all misplaced books in the wrong bookshelves. The
simulation results show that the locating accuracies of the single book mode and the book list mode. The paper [5]
presents a 3D RFID-based library search System. Measuring and determining RFID-tagged book location is an
application development for the library search system namely 3D RFID-based library search system. This paper
presents the development of this application which includes the application execution flow and as well as the laboratory
scale system structure.
A. EXISTING SYSTEM
RFID based systems are going to revolutionize the entire library automation systems. In this project we are
going to develop library automation system, which will track the books, whether they are issued or they are in library,
so that library user will get the instant information. RFID can be used library circulation operations and theft detection
systems. RFID-based systems move beyond security to become tracking systems that combine security with more
efficient tracking of materials throughout the library, including easier and faster charge and discharge, inventorying,
and materials handling. This technology helps librarians reduce valuable staff time spent scanning barcodes while
charging and discharging items. RFID is a combination of radio - frequency-based technology and microchip
technology. The information contained on microchips in the tags affixed to library materials is read using radio
frequency technology, regardless of item orientation or alignment (i.e., the technology does not require line-of-sight or
a fixed plane to read tags as do traditional theft detection systems). This system only detects the missing books. It does
not give any student information. It only provides the easy maintenance of the books in library. It will not give the due
date information.
III. PROPOSED SYSTEM
RFID is an automatic identification technique used for the fast transaction of books, journals or DVDs using
RFID tags and readers. The RFID technology helps in fast issuing, returning, and reissuing of books. The technology
helps in direct transaction of information from the tags to the PC of the librarian and in automatic updating of
transactions in the users account.
The RFID tags can be programmed unique code. This code gets read when passing through the RFID reader.
When a tag crosses the reader the reader recognizes the unique code and updates the account of the user. The RFID tags
are embedded into the books and are not visible for detection. The readers since they have a wide read range unlike bar
code readers have the capability to read the tags even when they are embedded within the books.
Special care and attention should be given in programming the tags since they are mostly programmable only
once. These tags can store stack number, accession number, book number, author information etc., but the bar code
technology is limited to only the identification number.

Copyright to IJIRCCE DOI: 10.15680/IJIRCCE.2017. 0505133 9477

 ISSN(Online): 2320-9801
ISSN (Print): 2320-9798

International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer

and Communication Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Website: www.ijircce.com
Vol. 5, Issue 5, May 2017
A. BLOCK DIAGRAM

Figure 1: Block diagram of the system

Figure 1 shows the block diagram of the system.The system is based on RFID readers and passive RFID tags
that are able to electronically store information that can be read with the help of the RFID reader. This system would be
able to issue and return books via RFID tags and also calculates the corresponding fine associated with the time period
of the absence of the book from the librarydatabase.GSM technology is used in the proposed system in order to alert
the user with the books taken, due date for return and the fine to be paid if not returned on time.
B. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
To implement Library Management System (LMS) designs, a platform has been selected which includes the
Software: Embedded C, PIC C Compiler, Proteus design suite and Hardware: PIC Microcontroller and power supply,
LCD, RFID TAG, RFID Reader, GSM, ZigBee.
C. PROTEUS DESIGN SUITE
The Proteus Design Suite is an Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tool including schematic capture,
simulation and PCB Layout modules. It can be purchased in many configurations, depending on the size of designs
being produced and the requirements for microcontroller simulation.
Schematic capture in the Proteus Design Suite is used for both the simulation of designs and as the design
phase of a PCB layout project. It is therefore a core component and is included with all product configurations. The
micro-controller simulation in Proteus works by applying either a hex file or a debug file to the microcontroller part on
the schematic.
Proteus is composed of two applications called ARES and ISIS. ISIS ismainly focused on the design of a real
circuit board and how it works with thedifferent elements that a PCB has. For example, it allows you to
simulatemicrocontrollers and its different connections in real time.
On the other hand, ARES is able to route and place the different objects andis used to generate printed circuit
boards.Besides that, one of the good things about this program is that it is veryversatile and is able to effectively
integrate all the parts of the project.Proteus incorporates a common database which allows the user toautomatically
update the data of the different modules which are part of the mainproject. In addition, the 3D viewer has been
improved and lets you see changesand modifications in real time.
Virtual Terminal is a tool in Proteus, which is used to view data coming from Serial Port (DB9) and also used
to send the data to Serial Port. In windows XP, there’s a built in tool named Hyper Terminal, which is also used for the
same purpose but in windows 7 there’s no such tool so for windows 7 users this virtual terminal is quite a great
comfort.

Copyright to IJIRCCE DOI: 10.15680/IJIRCCE.2017. 0505133 9478

 ISSN(Online): 2320-9801
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International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer

and Communication Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Website: www.ijircce.com
Vol. 5, Issue 5, May 2017
Virtual Terminal in Proteus is used to send or receive data to or from the serial port. Serial port is a 9 pin port
which is mostly find on the computer.
IV.RESULTS & DISCUSSION

I. SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION

Figure 2: Software implementation of the System

Figure 2 shows the Software Implementation System. The Schematic capture of the System is implemented in
Proteus Design Suite software. When enter the tag no of the student, the details of the student book will be shown in the
virtual terminal of the Proteus Design Suite software. Then enter the tag no of the student, the details of the book will
be shown in the virtual terminal of the Proteus Design Suite software. After few days the student press the switch
within the due date, the book will be returned. If the student does not press the switch within the due date, the 2 days
remaining message will be displayed. After 2 days the date over message will be displayed.

Copyright to IJIRCCE DOI: 10.15680/IJIRCCE.2017. 0505133 9479

 ISSN(Online): 2320-9801
ISSN (Print): 2320-9798

International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer

and Communication Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Website: www.ijircce.com
Vol. 5, Issue 5, May 2017
II. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION

Figure 3: Hardware implementation of the system

Figure 3 shows the hardware implementation of the system. By using this hardware implementation, the
location of the book in the library will be found and the book issue and return process will be performed.
When the student takes and returns the book, the following steps are performed.
1. When student selects the required book name, the location of the book will be displayed. Then the student
takes the book from that location.
2. The Student RFID tag is shown in front of the RFID Reader. The RFID Reader read the student tag, then
display the student details will be displayed.
3. The Book RFID tag is shown in front of the RFID Reader. The RFID Reader read the book tag, then display
the book details will be displayed. Then the book will be added to the student database.
4. The SMS will be sent to the student in order to alert the student with the book taken and due date for return.
5. When the student shows the book tag in front of the RFID Reader within the due date, the book will be
returned.
6. The SMS will be sent to the student in order to alert the student with the book return.
SMS ALERT TO THE STUDENT – BOOK RETURNED WITHIN THE DUE DATE

Copyright to IJIRCCE DOI: 10.15680/IJIRCCE.2017. 0505133 9480

 ISSN(Online): 2320-9801
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International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer

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Website: www.ijircce.com
Vol. 5, Issue 5, May 2017

Figure 4: SMS Alert to the student – Book returned within the due date

Figure 4 shows the snapshot of the SMS Alert to the student. This SMS Alert is sent to the student if the student
returns the book within the due date.
7. If the student does not return the book within the due date, the warning alert will be sent to the student.
8. If the student does not return the book after the warning alert, the alert will be sent to the student that contains
the time is over for returning the book.

Copyright to IJIRCCE DOI: 10.15680/IJIRCCE.2017. 0505133 9481

 ISSN(Online): 2320-9801
ISSN (Print): 2320-9798

International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer

and Communication Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Website: www.ijircce.com
Vol. 5, Issue 5, May 2017
9. If the student returns the book after the due date, the fine amount will be calculated depends upon the extra
days from the due date and the alert will be sent to the student.

SMS ALERT TO THE STUDENT – BOOK RETURNED AFTER THE DUE DATE

Figure 5: SMS Alert to the student – Book returned after the due date

Figure 5 shows the snapshot of the SMS Alert to the student. This SMS Alert is sent to the student if the
student returns the book after the due date.

Copyright to IJIRCCE DOI: 10.15680/IJIRCCE.2017. 0505133 9482

 ISSN(Online): 2320-9801
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International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer

and Communication Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Website: www.ijircce.com
Vol. 5, Issue 5, May 2017
V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
A. CONCLUSION
RFID in the library speeds up book borrowing, monitoring, books searching processes and thus frees staff to
do more user-service tasks. These applications can lead to significant savings in labour costs, enhance customer
service, lower book theft and provide a constant record update of new collections of books. The system that would
allow fast Transaction flow and will make it easy to handle the issue and return of books from the library without much
intervention of manual bookkeeping which benefits by adding properties of traceability and security.
B. FUTURE WORK
By using HF readers we can track the books and hence find the misplaced books. By placing RF sensors at the
exit gateways theft detection is possible. The alarm will ring if a person is carrying away a book that is not in the
barrowed list. You can even implement auto borrow and return of the books which eliminate the need of staff at these
two sections.
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2091-2730, Page no:138-142.
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9/10/$26.00 ©2010 IEEE, Page no:107-111.
3. Wing W. Y. NG, Yi-Song Qiao, Li Lin, Hai-Lan Ding, Patrick P. K. Chan, Daniel S. Yeung, “Intelligent book positioning for library using
RFID and book spine matching” 978-1-4577-0308-9/11/$26.00 ©2011 IEEE, Page no:465-470.
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5. Zhu Chang-ping, Wang Zh, Deng Jing-xuan, Gu Hui, Shan Ming-lei, HanQing-bang, Yu Hong-zhen, Zhang Shen, “Design of an Intelligent
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