ELASTOLLAN®

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5

Physical properties
Mechanical properties

The physical properties of Elastollan® are discussed

below. The test procedures are explained in some detail.
Typical values of these tests are presented in our brochure
“Elastollan® – Product Range“ and in separate data sheets.

Tests are carried out on injection molded samples using

granulate which is pre-dried prior to processing.

Before testing specimens are conditioned for 20 hours at

100 °C and then stored for at least 24 hours at 23 °C and
50 % relative humidity. The values thus obtained cannot
always be directly related to the properties of finished parts.

The following factors affect the physical properties to varying

degrees:

 part design
 processing conditions
 orientation of macromolecules and fillers
 internal stresses
 moisture
 annealing
 environmental conditions

Consequently, finished parts should be tested in relation to

their intended application.
6 ELASTOLLAN®
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Physical properties
Mechanical properties

Rigidity
The versatility of polyurethane chemistry makes it possible Figs. 3–5 show the modulus of elasticity of several Elastollan®
to produce Elastollan® over a wide range of rigidity. Fig. 2 grades as a function of temperature. E-modulus values
shows the range of E-modulus of TPU and RTPU in obtained from the tensile test are preferable to those
comparison to other materials. from the bending test, since in the tensile test the stress
distribution throughout the relevant test specimen length is
The modulus of elasticity (E-modulus) is determined by constant.
tensile testing according to DIN EN ISO 527-1A, using a test
specimen at a testing speed of 1 mm/min. The E-modulus is
calculated from the initial slope of the stress-strain curve as
ratio of stress to strain.

It is known that the modulus of elasticity of plastics is

influenced by the following parameters:

 temperature
 moisture content
 orientation of macromolecules and fillers
 rate and duration of stress
 geometry of test specimens
 type of test equipment

PE PE AI St

PVC

PA

Gummi ABS

TPU/RTPU

1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000

E-modulus [MPa]

Fig. 2: Comparison of E-modulus of TPU and RTPU with other materials

 ELASTOLLAN®
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 7

Physical properties
Mechanical properties

10000

E-modulus [MPa] C 64 D
1000

C 95 A

100

C 85 A

Fig. 3: Influence of temperature on E-modulus

Elastollan® polyester grades 10
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Temperature [°C]

10000
E-modulus [MPa]

1000

1164 D

100
1195 A

1185 A
Fig. 4: Influence of temperature on E-modulus
Elastollan® polyether grades 10
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Temperature [°C]

10000
E-modulus [MPa]

R 6000

R 3000

1000
R 1000

Fig. 5: Influence of temperature on E-modulus

Elastollan® glass fibers reinforced grades 100
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Temperature [°C]
 8 ELASTOLLAN®
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Physical properties
Mechanical properties

Shore hardness
The hardness of elastomers such as Elastollan® is measured
in Shore A and Shore D according to DIN ISO 7619-1 (3s).
Shore hardness is a measure of the resistance of a material
to the penetration of a needle under a defined spring force.
It is determined as a number from 0 to 100 on the scales A
or D.

The higher the number, the higher the hardness. The letter
A is used for flexible grades and the letter D for rigid grades.
However, the ranges do overlap.

Fig. 6 shows a comparison of the Shore hardness A and

D scales for Elastollan®. There is no general dependence
between Shore A and D scales. Under standard atmospheric
conditions (i.e. 23 °C, 50 % relative humidity), the hardness
of Elastollan® grades ranges from 60 Shore A to 74 Shore D.

100
Hardness Shore A

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Hardness Shore D

Fig. 6: Relationship: Shore A to Shore D

 ELASTOLLAN®
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 9

Physical properties
Mechanical properties

Glass transition temperature

The glass transition temperature (Tg) of a plastics is the point Fig. 7 shows the glass transition temperatures of several
at which a reversible transition of amorphous phases from Elastollan® grades, measured by differential scanning
a hard brittle condition to a visco-elastic or rubber-elastic calorimetry (DSC) at a heating rate of 10 K/min.
condition occurs. Glass transition takes place, depending
on hardness or rather amorphous portion of a material, The Tg was evaluated according to DIN EN ISO 11357-2
within a more or less wide temperature range. The larger the on the basis of the curve, the slope of which is stepped in
amorphous portion (softer Elastollan® product), the lower the transition range. The torsion modulus and the damping
is the glass transition temperature, and the narrower is this curves shown in figs. 8 to 13 enable Tg’s to be defined
temperature range. on the basis of the damping maximum. Since this is a
dynamic test, the Tg’s exceed those obtained from the DSC
There are several methods available to determine glass measurements.
transition temperature, each of them possibly yielding a
different value, depending on the test conditions. Dynamic
B 85 A 10 C 65 A 15 C 64 D 53 1175 A 10 W 1185 A 10 1164 D 11
testing results in higher temperature values than static HPM
testing. Also the thermal history of the material to be 0

measured is of importance. Thus, similar methods and -10

conditions have to be selected for comparison of glass -20
transition temperatures of different products.
Tg [°C]

-30

-40

-50

-60
Elastollan® grade

Fig. 7: Glass transition temperature (Tg) from DSC at 10 K/min

10 ELASTOLLAN®
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Physical properties
Mechanical properties

Torsion modulus
The torsion vibration test as specified in DIN EN ISO 6721-2 After the glass transition zone, the torsion modulus curve
is used to determine the elastic behavior of polymeric flattens. This condition is described as entropyelastic
materials under dynamic torsional loading, over a (rubber-elastic). At this temperature the material remains
temperature range. In this test, a test specimen is stimulated solid with increasing temperature, torsion modulus declines
into free torsional vibration. The torsional angle is kept low more sharply and damping increases again. Here, the
enough to prevent permanent deformation. Under the test behavior pattern is predominantly visco-elastic.
parameters specified in the standard, a frequency of 0.1 to
10 Hz results as temperature increases. The extent of each zone varies according to Elastollan®
grade. However, as a general statement, the transition
During the relaxation phase the decreasing sinusoidal becomes more obvious with the lower hardness Elastollan®
vibration is recorded. From this decay curve, it is possible grades.
to calculate the torsion modulus and damping. The torsion
modulus is the ratio between the torsion stress and the
resultant elastic angular deformation.

Figs. 8–13 show the torsion modulus and damping behavior

over a temperature range for several Elastollan® grades. At
low temperature torsion modulus is high and the curves are
relatively flat. This is the so-called energy-elastic temperature
range, where damping values are low.

With rising temperature, the torsion modulus curve falls and

damping behavior increases. This is the so-called glass
transition zone, where damping reaches a maximum.
 ELASTOLLAN®
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 11

Physical properties
Mechanical properties

1E4 1E4

1E3 1E3

1E2 1E2

1E1 1E1

1E0 1E0

1E-1 1E-1

1E-2 1E-2
-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200
Temperature [°C] Temperature [°C]
= Dynamic storage modulus G‘ (MPa) = Dynamic storage modulus G‘ (MPa)
= Loss modulus G‘‘ (MPa) = Loss modulus G‘‘ (MPa)
= Loss factor tan Δ = Loss factor tan Δ

Fig. 8: Elastollan® C 85 A 10 Fig. 10: Elastollan® C 64 D

1E4

1E3

1E2

1E1

1E0

1E-1

1E-2
-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200
Temperature [°C]
= Dynamic storage modulus G‘ (MPa)
= Loss modulus G‘‘ (MPa)
= Loss factor tan Δ

Fig. 9: Elastollan® C 65 A HPM

12 ELASTOLLAN®
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Physical properties
Mechanical properties

Torsion modulus 1E4

1E3

1E2

1E1

1E0

1E-1

1E-2
-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200
Temperature [°C]
= Dynamic storage modulus G‘ (MPa)
= Loss modulus G‘‘ (MPa)
= Loss factor tan Δ

Fig. 12: Elastollan® 1175 A 10 W

1E4 1E4

1E3 1E3

1E2 1E2

1E1 1E1

1E0 1E0

1E-1 1E-1

1E-2 1E-2
-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200
Temperature [°C] Temperature [°C]
= Dynamic storage modulus G‘ (MPa) = Dynamic storage modulus G‘ (MPa)
= Loss modulus G‘‘ (MPa) = Loss modulus G‘‘ (MPa)
= Loss factor tan Δ = Loss factor tan Δ

Fig. 11: Elastollan® 1185 A 10 Fig. 13: Elastollan® 1164 D

 ELASTOLLAN®
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 13

Physical properties
Mechanical properties

Tensile strength
The behavior of elastomers under short-term, uniaxial, static In the case of unreinforced Elastollan® grades at room
tensile stress is determined by tensile tests as specified in temperature, differences are not generally observed, e.g.,
DIN EN ISO 527-2-5A and may be presented in the form tear strength and tensile strength correspond (Fig. 15). A
of a stress-strain diagram. Throughout the test, the tensile yield stress is only observed with rigid formulations at lower
stress is always related to the original cross-section of the temperatures. For glass fiber-reinforced Elastollan® grades
test specimen. (R grades), yield stress coincides with tensile strength (Fig.
16).
The actual stress, which increases steadily owing to the
constant reduction in cross-section, is not taken into In one respect, the stress-strain diagrams on the following
account. Typical strength and deformation characteristics pages, determined according to DIN EN ISO 527-2-5A at a
can be seen in the tensile stress-strain diagram (Fig. 14): rate of 200 mm/min, present the typical high elongation to
break of Elastollan®. On the other hand, they also include
Strength characteristics: diagrams of lower deformations. The curves relating to the R
 The yield stress σγ is the tensile stress at which the grades were determined according to DIN EN ISO 527-2-1A
slope of the stress-strain curve becomes zero. at a rate of 50 mm/min.
 Tensile strength σmax is the tensile stress at
maximum force.
 Tear strength σB is the tensile stress at the moment
of rupture of the specimen.

Deformation characteristics:
 The yield strain εγ is the elongation corresponding to
the yield stress.
 Maximum force elongation εmax is the elongation
corresponding to the tensile strength.
 Elongation at break εB is the elongation corresponding
to the tear strength
14 ELASTOLLAN®
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Physical properties
Mechanical properties

Tensile strength

Stress σ
σmax

σB

σY

Fig. 14: Typical stress-strain curve from tensile testing

εY εmax = εB

Strain ε
Stress σ

σmax = σB

Fig. 15: Characteristic stress-strain curve for

unreinforced Elastollan®
εmax = εB

Strain ε
Stress σ

σY= σmax
σB

Fig. 16: Characteristic stress-strain curve for

reinforced Elastollan®
εY= εmax εB

Strain ε
 ELASTOLLAN®
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 15

Physical properties
Mechanical properties

Tensile strength 80

Tensile strength [MPa]

70
60 –23 °C
50
40
30
20
23 °C
10 60 °C
Fig. 17: Elastollan C 65 A HPM
®
0 100 °C
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Elongation [%]

Note:
The graphs shown on pages 15 and 16 were 80
Tensile strength [MPa]

–20 °C
determined according to DIN EN ISO 527-2-5A 70
at a rate of 200 mm/min until failure of the part. 60
23 °C
50
60 °C
40
30
100 °C
20
10
Fig. 18: Elastollan® C 85 A 0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Elongation [%]

80
Tensile strength [MPa]

70
23 °C
60
–20 °C
50
60 °C
40
100 °C
30
20
10
Fig. 19: Elastollan® C 64 D 0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Elongation [%]
16 ELASTOLLAN®
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Physical properties
Mechanical properties

Tensile strength 80

Tensile strength [MPa]

70
60 –23 °C

50
40
23 °C
30
60 °C
20
100 °C
10
Fig. 20: Elastollan 1175 AW
®
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Elongation [%]

80
ensile strength [MPa]

–20 °C
70
60
23 °C
50
40
30 60 °C
20
100 °C
10
Fig. 21: Elastollan 1185 A
®
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Elongation [%]

80
ensile strength [MPa]

–20 °C
70
60
23 °C
50
60 °C
40
100 °C
30
20
10
Fig. 22: Elastollan® 1164 D 0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Elongation [%]
 ELASTOLLAN®
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 17

Physical properties
Mechanical properties

Tensile strength 100

ensile strength [MPa]

–20 °C
80
0 °C
23 °C
60
40 °C
40 60 °C

20

Fig. 23: Elastollan® R 1000

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Elongation [%]

Note:
The graphs on page 17 were determined ac- 120
ensile strength [MPa]

cording to DIN EN ISO 527-2-1A at a rate of 50

100 0 °C
mm/min until failure of the part.
80
23 °C
60 40 °C
60 °C
40

20

Fig. 24: Elastollan R 3000

®
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 10 14 16 18 20
Elongation [%]

6
ensile strength [MPa]

5
0 °C
4
23 °C
3
40 °C
60 °C
2

Fig. 25: Elastollan® R 6000 0

0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Elongation [%]
18 ELASTOLLAN®
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Physical properties
Mechanical properties

Tear strength
Tear strength is the term which defines the resistance of a The diagrams show tear strength for several Elastollan®
notched test specimen to tear propagation. In this respect, grades, relative to temperature.
Elastollan® is far superior to most other of plastics.

The test is conducted in accordance with DIN ISO 34–1Bb

using an angle specimen with cut. The specimen is stretched
at right angles to the incision at a rate of 500 mm/min
until tear. The tear resistance [kN/m] is the ratio between
maximum force and specimen thickness.

350
Tear strength [kN/m]

300

250

200
C 64 D
150

100 C 85 A
Fig. 26: Tear strength in relation to temperature 50
Elastollan® for polyester grades C 65 A HPM
0
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Temperature [°C]

350
Tear strength [kN/m]

300

250

200

150 1164 D
1195 A
100

50
Fig. 27: Tear strength in relation to temperature
1175 AW
Elastollan® for polyether grades 0
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Temperature [°C]
We would be pleased to send you the following brochure:
Elastollan®- Product Range, with detailed information about
the technical properties of Elastollan®.
20 ELASTOLLAN®
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Physical properties
Mechanical properties

Creep behavior
A pure elastic deformation behavior, whereby the elastic Behavior under long-term static stress can be characterized
characteristic remains constant, does not occur with any according to ISO 899 by means of creep tests, whereby a
material. Due to internal friction, there exist at any time both test specimen is subject to tensile stress using a load. The
a visco-elastic and a viscous deformation portion, causing constant deformation thus caused is measured as a function
a dependence of the characteristic values on the stress of time. If this test is conducted applying different loads, the
duration and intensity. data yield a so-called isochronous stress-strain diagram.

These non-elastic portions are considerably influenced by Such a diagram can be used to predict how a component
temperature and time. This dependence should be a pre- deforms in the course of time under a certain load, and
consideration in the case of plastics operating at ambient also how the stress in a component decreases with a given
temperature under long term load. deformation (Figs. 28 to 32).

1
Stress [MPa]

1h 10 h 100 h 1000 h 10000 h 100 000 h

0,8

0,6

0,4

0,2

Fig. 28: Isochronous stress-strain lines at 23 °C Elastollan® C 85 A

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Strain [%]

10
Stress [MPa]

1h 10 h 100 h 1000 h 10 000 h 100 000 h

8

Fig. 29: Isochronous stress-strain lines at 23°C Elastollan® C 64 D

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Strain [%]
 ELASTOLLAN®
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 21

Physical properties
Mechanical properties

Creep behavior
2

Stress [MPa]
1h 10 h 100 h 1000 h 10 000 h 100 000 h
1,5

0,5
Fig. 30: Isochronous stress-strain lines at 23 °C
Elastollan® 1185 A 0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Strain [%]

6
Stress [MPa]

1h 10 h 100 h 1000 h 10000 h 100 000 h

5

1
Fig. 31: Isochronous stress-strain lines at 23 °C
Elastollan® 1164 D
0
0 5 10 15 20
Strain [%]

50
Stress [MPa]

1h 10 h 100 h 1000 h 10000 h 100 000 h

40

30

20

10
Fig. 32: Isochronous stress-strain lines at 23 °C
Elastollan® R 3000
0
0 5 10 15 20
Strain [%]
22 ELASTOLLAN®
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Physical properties
Mechanical properties

Compression set Abrasion

Compression set [%] is determined by a constant Abrasion [mm³] is determined in accordance with ISO 4649.
deformation test over a period of 24 hours at 70 °C or 72 A test specimen is guided at a defined contact pressure on
hours at room temperature and is standardized in DIN ISO a rotating cylinder covered with paper. The total is approx.
815. In application, in the event of compressive stress one 40 m. The mass loss due to abrasion wear is measured,
should not exceed 5 % compression for the more rigid taking into account the density of the material and the
grades and 10 % for the more flexible grades, if noticeable sharpness of the test paper. The abrasion is given as the
compression set is to be avoided. To achieve the best loss of volume in mm3.
resistance to compression set annealing of the finished parts
is recommended. Elastollan® shows very low abrasion. Under practical
conditions, TPU is considered to be the most abrasion
Impact strength resistant elastomeric material. Thorough pre-drying of
Elastollan® grades have outstanding low-temperature impact the granulate prior to processing is however essential to
strength. You will find further information on impact strength achieve optimum abrasion performance. You will find further
in the table (page 28-33) or in the product information. information on abrasion in the current Elastollan® Product
Range or the product information.
 ELASTOLLAN®
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 23

Physical properties
Thermal properties

Thermal expansion
As all materials, Elastollan® is subject to a temperature- 260

α (t) [10 E–6 · 1/K]

dependent, reversible variation in length. This is defined 260
by the coefficient of linear expansion α [1/K] in relation 240 C 65 A HPM

to temperature and determined in accordance with ISO 220

11359-1-2. Fig. 33 and 34 compare the coefficients of 200 C 85 A
linear expansion of some Elastollan® grades with steel and 180
aluminum and illustrates the dependence on temperature 160
and Shore hardness. C 95 A
140
120
As shown the values for reinforced Elastollan® (glass fiber C 64 D
100
content 20 %) are similar to those for steel and aluminum. 80
The influence of temperature is obvious and has to be 60 R 3000
considered for many applications. 40
aluminium
20 steel
0
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Temperature [°C]
Fig. 33: Coefficient of thermal expansion α [1/K] various Elastollan®
hardnesses (ester grades)

280
α (t) [10 E–6 · 1/K]

260
1175 AW
240
220
200 1185 A

180
1195 A
160
140
120
1164 D
100
80
60
40
aluminium
20 steel
0
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Temperature [°C]
Fig. 34: Coefficient of thermal expansion α [1/K] various Elastollan®
hardnesses (ether grades)
24 ELASTOLLAN®
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Physical properties
Thermal properties

Thermal data
Thermal data provide information on the thermal properties
of a produced part as well as the melt during the production
process.

Values
Properties according to Unit
soft → hard
Thermal conductivity DIN 52612-1 W/(m·K) 0.19 → 0.25

Heat of combustion DIN 51900

– heating value J/g 25000 → 29000
– burning value J/g 26000 → 31000

Specific heat DIN 51005

– room temperature J/(g·K) 1.7 → 2.3
– melt temperature J/(g·K) 1.7 → 2.3

Table 1: Representative values of thermal data of Elastollan®, more

detailed information available on pages 28-33.

Melting-lamination temperature
In the thermomechanical analysis (TMA), the plastic
deformation of a solid object is measured as a function
of the temperature. During the measurement, a constant,
usually low imposed load, acts on the test specimen. The
measured deformation in the sample as a function of the
temperature can be used among other things to determine
the melting behavior at a very low shear rate. This allows the
melting temperature during thermal bonding processes to be
deduced. The details of the measurement are stipulated in
DIN EN ISO 11359-3.

Shore TMA Onset

Product
A D (BASF hrs.)
991 A 10 FC 90 46 136,4
890 A 10 91 48 146,2
1190 A 10 91 44 161,3
B 90 A 11 92 44 174,0
C 90 A 10 94 47 186,1

Table 2: Standard thermal values, Elastollan®

 ELASTOLLAN®
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 25

Physical properties
Thermal properties

Thermal deformation Heat deflection temperature

Various tests can be used to compare the application limits Similarly to the Vicat test, the test set-up is heated in a heat
of plastics at increased temperature. These include the transfer medium at a rate of 120 K/h. The arrangement
determination of the Vicat Softening Temperature (VST) is designed as 3-point bending test, the test piece being
according to ISO 306 and the determination of the Heat stressed at a constant load which corresponds to a bending
Deflection Temperature (HDT) according to ISO 75. stress of 1.80 MPa, 0.45 MPa or 8 MPa (method A, B or C),
depending on the rigidity of the material. The temperature at
Vicat softening temperature which the test piece bends by 0.2 to 0.3 mm (depending on
In the course of this test, a loaded needle (Vicat A: 10 N, the height of the test piece) is indicated as HDT.
Vicat B: 50 N) with a diameter of 1 mm2 is placed on a
test specimen, which is located on a plane surface within
a temperature transfer medium. The temperature of the
180
HDT [°C]

medium (oil or air) is increased at a constant heating rate

(50 K/h or 120 K/h). The VST is the temperature at which the 160

needle penetrates by 1 mm into the test material. 140

120

250 100
VST [°C]

200 80

150 60

100 40

50 20

0 0
C 85 A HPM C 64 D 755 D CS R 3000 1164 D 1164 D C 64 D 755 D CS R 3000
Elastollan® grade Elastollan® grade
Fig. 35: Vicat temperature (VST) according to DIN EN ISO 306, Fig. 36: Heat deflection temperature (HDT) according to DIN EN ISO 75,
Vicat A 120 method B
26 ELASTOLLAN®
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Physical properties
Thermal properties

Maximum service temperature

The life expectancy of a finished TPU part will be influenced
by several factors and is difficult to predict exactly. In order
to be able to compare materials with one another under
the aspect of “maximum service temperature”, prolonged
storage tests according to DIN EN ISO 2578 at various
temperatures are used to ascertain so-called “long-term
air ageing”.
The diagrams below can be used to infer the time after
which a material at a particular temperature goes below or
above a particular limiting criterion:
Exposure time [h]

100000

10000
Elastollan® C 85 A

1000
Elastollan® 1185 A

100

Fig. 37: Long-term air ageing 10

80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160
Temperature [°C]
End criterion: tensile strength 20 MPa
Exposure time [h]

100000

10000
Elastollan® 1185 A
Elastollan® 1185 A FHF
1000

100

Fig. 38: Long-term air ageing 10

80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160
Temperature [°C]
End criterion: Elongation of break 300 %
 ELASTOLLAN®
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 27

Physical properties
Electrical properties

General Surface resistivity

The electrical conductivity of plastics is very low. They are, The specific surface resistance is the resistance of the
therefore, frequently used as insulating materials. Information surface of a test piece. It is measured between two
on relevant properties for electrical applications must electrodes of dimensions prescribed in DIN EN 62631-3-2,
therefore be made available. For Elastollan® grades standard fixed to the surface at a specified distance.
resistance measurements are made on conditioned test
specimens (20 h, 100 °C) after storage in the standard Volume resistivity
conditioning atmosphere, i.e. 23 °C, 50 % relative humidity. Volume resistivity as defined in DIN EN 63631-3-1 is the
electrical resistance of the bulk material measured between
Allowance should be made for the fact that resistivity and two electrodes, relative to the geometry of the test piece.
dielectric properties are dependent on moisture content, The type of electrode arrangement makes it possible to
temperature and frequency. ignore surface resistance.

Tracking Dielectric constant

Tracking results from the progressive formation of Dielectric constant is the ratio of capacity measured with the
conductive paths on the surface of a solid insulating insulating material compared with that for air. This constant
material. It is generated by the action of electrical loading is determined in accordance with IEC 60250 and is
and electrolytic impurities on the surface. temperature and frequency dependent.

The Comparative Tracking Index (CTI) determined in Dielectric loss factor

accordance with IEC 60112 is the maximum voltage at When an insulating material is used as dielectric in a
which a material will withstand 50 drops of a defined test capacitor, an adjustment of the phase displacement
solution without tracking. between current and voltage occurs. The displacement from
the normal angle of 90 ° is known as the loss angle. The loss
Dielectric strength factor is defined as the tangent of the loss angle. As with
Dielectric strength according to IEC 60243 is the ratio dielectric constant, it varies with temperature and frequency.
between disruptive voltage and the distance of the Values are provided for various frequencies at 23 °C.
electrodes separated by the insulating material. Disruptive
voltage is the a.c. voltage at which point the insulating
material breaks down.
28 ELASTOLLAN®
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Physical properties
Elastollan® (TPU) Unreinforced Grades

Typical values at 23 °C for uncolored products Unit Test method

Features
Symbol
Density g/cm³ ISO 1183
Water absorption, equilibrium in water at 23 °C % similar ISO 62
Moisture absorption, equilibrium in standard cond. atmo. 23 °C / 50 % r.h. % similar ISO 62
Flammability
Flammability acc. to UL94 (thickness) class (mm) UL 94
GWFI (thickness) °C (mm) IEC 60695-2-12
GWIT (thickness) °C (mm) IEC 60695-2-13
Oxygen index % ISO 4589-1/-2
Railway: Spec. Optical density of smoke DS mx. (20min.), 25 kW/m², 2mm - EN ISO 5659-2: 2007-04
Railway: Toxicity of smoke CIT NLP acc. to EN 45545-2: 2013-08 - NF X70-100-1/-2
Testing of materials for automobile interior, burning rate ≤ 100mm/min (d = 2.0 mm) ISO 3795, FMVSS 3021
Electrical properties
Dielectric constant at 1 MHz IEC 60250
Dielectric factor at 1 MHz 10-4 IEC 60250
Volume resistivity Ω·m DIN EN ISO 62631-3-1
Surface resistivity Ω DIN EN ISO 62631-3-2
CTI, test liquid A - IEC 60112
Dielectric strength EB1 kV/mm IEC 60423-1
Thermal properties
Heat distortion temperature HDT A (1.80 MPa) °C ISO 75-1/-2
Heat distortion temperature HDT B (0.45 MPa) °C ISO 75-1/-2
Thermal conductivity, 23 °C W/(m·K) DIN 52612-1
Specific heat capacity, 23 °C J/(g·K) -
Mechanical properties
Hardness Shore ISO 7619-1 (3s)
Tensile modulus of elasticity MPa ISO 527-2-5A
Tensile strength MPa ISO 527-2-5A
Strain at break % ISO 527-2-5A
Charpy impact strength +23 °C kJ/m² ISO 179-1eU
Charpy impact strength -30 °C kJ/m² ISO 179-1eU
Charpy notched impact strength +23 °C kJ/m² ISO 179-1eA
Charpy notched impact strength -30 °C kJ/m² ISO 179-1eA
Processing
Melt mass flow rate MFR, test temperature/load g / 10 min. ISO 1133
Melt temperature range for injection-molding °C
Mold temperature range for injection-molding °C

Footnote:
1
passed: +
2
product not UL-listed

Values after tempering (20 h, 100 °C) in conditioned state

 ELASTOLLAN®
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 29

Physical properties

Unreinforced Grades
C 78 A 10 (A 15) C 85 A 10 C 59 D 53 1175 A 10 W 1185 A 10 FHF 1185 A1 0 HFFR2 1190 A 10 FHF

1,18 1,19 1,23 1,14 1,23 1,42 1,25

1.4 1.4
0.5 0.4

HB (0.9) HB (0.9-3) HB (0.75) V0 (0.9-1.1), V2 (1.2) V0 (0.75-3.0) - V0 (0.75-3.0)

960 (2.0) 875 (2.0) 930 (1.5) 875 (1.5)
875 (2.0) 850 (2.0) 800 (1.5) 800 (1.5)
25-26 24 32 24
627 (2.0) 181 (1.6) 405 (1.7)
0.36 0.11 0.44
+ + + + + + +

6.0 6.0 5.0 6.5 5.5 6.2

700 700 600 1.400 960 1.108
1,00E+11 1,00E+11 1,00E+12 1,00E+9 1,00E+9 1,00E+7
1,00E+13 1,00E+13 1,00E+15 1,00E+14 1,00E+14 1,00E+12
600 600 600 600 600 600
23 23 28 25 26

0.18 0.21 0.22 0.32

1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5

80 (A) 87 (A) 57 (D) 75 (A) 89 (A) 86 (A) 90 (A)

250
50 50 50 40 35 23 25
650 650 500 700 600 580 550
N N N N N N
N N N N N N
N N N N N N N
N N 12 N 120 77 46

10-40 (190/21.6) 20-60 (200/21.6) 20-60, 190/10 25-45, 200/21.6 10, 180/5 25-45, 200/21.6
200-220 205-225 220-230 210-220 215-225 215-225 215-225
15-50 15-50 15-70 20-40 20-40 20-40 20-40

Thermoplastic Thermoplastic Thermoplastic Thermoplastic Thermoplastic Thermoplastic Thermoplastic

polyester polyester polyester polyether polyether polyether polyether polyure-
polyurethane with polyurethane with polyurethane with polyurethane with polyurethane with polyurethane with thane with excellent
excellent mechanical excellent mechanical excellent mechanical excellent hydrolysis excellent hydrolysis excellent hydrolysis hydrolysis resistance,
properties, very properties, very properties, very resistance, flexibility resistance, flexibility resistance, flexibility flexibility at cold
strong dampening strong dampening strong dampening at cold temperatures at cold temperatures at cold temperatures temperatures and
and rebound and rebound and rebound and resistance against and resistance against and resistance against resistance against
properties and a very properties and a very properties and a very microorganisms. microorganisms; microorganisms; microorganisms;
high wear resistance. high wear resistance. high wear resistance. flame-retardant flame-retardant flame-retardant with-
without halogens. without halogens; out halogens.
reduced density and
toxicity of smoke.
30 ELASTOLLAN®
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Physical properties
Elastollan® (TPU) Unreinforced Grades

Typical values at 23 °C for uncolored products Unit Test method

Features
Symbol
Density g/cm³ ISO 1183
Water absorption, equilibrium in water at 23 °C % similar ISO 62
Moisture absorption, equilibrium in standard cond. atmo. 23 °C / 50 % r.h. % similar ISO 62
Flammability
Flammability acc. to UL94 (thickness) class (mm) UL 94
GWFI (thickness) °C (mm) IEC 60695-2-12
GWIT (thickness) °C (mm) IEC 60695-2-13
Oxygen index % ISO 4589-1/-2
Railway: Spec. Optical density of smoke DS mx. (20min.), 25 kW/m², 2mm - EN ISO 5659-2: 2007-04
Railway: Toxicity of smoke CIT NLP acc. to EN 45545-2: 2013-08 - NF X70-100-1/-2
Testing of materials for automobile interior, burning rate ≤ 100mm/min (d = 2.0 mm) ISO 3795, FMVSS 3021
Electrical properties
Dielectric constant at 1 MHz IEC 60250
Dielectric factor at 1 MHz 10-4 IEC 60250
Volume resistivity Ω·m DIN EN ISO 62631-3-1
Surface resistivity Ω DIN EN ISO 62631-3-2
CTI, test liquid A - IEC 60112
Dielectric strength EB1 kV/mm IEC 60423-1
Thermal properties
Heat distortion temperature HDT A (1.80 MPa) °C ISO 75-1/-2
Heat distortion temperature HDT B (0.45 MPa) °C ISO 75-1/-2
Thermal conductivity, 23 °C W/(m·K) DIN 52612-1
Specific heat capacity, 23 °C J/(g·K) -
Mechanical properties
Hardness Shore ISO 7619-1 (3s)
Tensile modulus of elasticity MPa ISO 527-2-5A
Tensile strength MPa ISO 527-2-5A
Strain at break % ISO 527-2-5A
Charpy impact strength +23 °C kJ/m² ISO 179-1eU
Charpy impact strength -30 °C kJ/m² ISO 179-1eU
Charpy notched impact strength +23 °C kJ/m² ISO 179-1eA
Charpy notched impact strength -30 °C kJ/m² ISO 179-1eA
Processing
Melt mass flow rate MFR, test temperature/load g / 10 min. ISO 1133
Melt temperature range for injection-molding °C
Mold temperature range for injection-molding °C

Footnote:
1
passed: +
2
product not UL-listed

Values after tempering (20 h, 100 °C) in conditioned state

 ELASTOLLAN®
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 31

Physical properties

Unreinforced Grades
1192 A 11 FHF2 SP 3092 A 10 HFFR 1195 A 10 / 1195 A 15 1154 D 10 1154 D 10 FHF 1174 D 11 1280 D 10 FHF

1,25 1,62 1,15 1,17 1,27 1,20 1,32

1.4
0.4

V0 (0.8-3.2) HB (0.5-3.0) HB (1.0) V0 (3.0), V2 (0.75) V2 (0.45 - 3.0)

960 (1.5) 960 (1.5) 750 (2.0) 960 (2.0) 850 (1.5)
825 (1.5) 750 (1.5) 775 (2.0) 875 (2.0) 800 (1.5)
29 >40 24 24
244 (1.7) 78 (1.6) 282 (0.78)
0.55 0.10 0.10 0.40
+ + + + + + +

7.5 4.5 4.5 4.0

600 640 400
1,00E+12 1,00E+13 1,00E+10 1,00E+15
1,00E+15 1,00E+15 1,00E+14 1,00E+15
600 600 600 600
36 37

0.30 0.31 0.37

1.6 1.5

91 (A) 95 (A) 96 (A) 53 (D) 58 (D) 75 (D) 80 (D)

150 160 560 2,300
17 15 55 50 30 65 49
550 400 500 450 400 380 10

N N 50 N
N 18 3 5

38, 200/21.6 10, 180/5.0 30-80, 210/10.0 20-70, (230/2.16) 30-70, 230/2.16 28, 230/2.16
215-225 210-235 210-230 225-235 220-235 210-230
20-40 15-70 15-70 30-60 15-70 20-40

Thermoplastic Thermoplastic Thermoplastic polyether Thermoplastic Thermoplastic Thermoplastic Thermoplastic

polyether polyether polyurethane with polyether polyether polyether polyether
polyurethane with polyurethane with excellent hydrolysis polyurethane with polyurethane with polyurethane with polyurethane with
excellent hydrolysis excellent hydrolysis resistance, flexibility excellent hydrolysis excellent hydrolysis excellent hydrolysis excellent hydrolysis
resistance, flexibility resistance, flexibility at cold temperatures resistance, resistance, flexibility resistance, flexibility resistance, flexibility
at cold temperatures at cold temperatures and resistance against flexibility at cold at cold temperatures at cold temperatures at cold temperatures
and resistance against and resistance against microorganisms as well temperatures and and resistance against and resistance against and resistance against
microorganisms; microorganisms; as high mechanical resistance against microorganisms; microorganisms. microorganisms;
improved flame- reduced smoke strength and durability microorganisms. flame-retardant flame-retardant
retardancy without density and toxicity. without halogens. without halogens.
halogens.
32 ELASTOLLAN®
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Physical properties
Elastollan® (TPU), Reinforced Grades

Typical values at 23 °C for uncolored products Unit Test method

Features
Symbol
Density g/cm³ ISO 1183
Water absorption, equilibrium in water at 23 °C % similar ISO 62
Moisture absorption, equilibrium in standard cond. atmo. 23 °C / 50 % r.h. % similar ISO 62
Flammability
Flammability acc. to UL94 (thickness) class (mm) UL 94
GWFI (thickness) °C (mm) IEC 60695-2-12
GWIT (thickness) °C (mm) IEC 60695-2-13
Oxygen index % ISO 4589-1/-2
Railway: Spec. Optical density of smoke DS mx. (20min.), 25 kW/m², 2mm - EN ISO 5659-2: 2007-04
Railway: Toxicity of smoke CIT NLP acc. to EN 45545-2: 2013-08 - NF X70-100-1/-2
Testing of materials for automobile interior, burning rate ≤ 100mm/min (d = 2.0 mm) ISO 3795, FMVSS 3021
Electrical properties
Dielectric constant at 1 MHz IEC 60250
Dielectric factor at 1 MHz 10-4 IEC 60250
Volume resistivity Ω·m DIN EN ISO 62631-3-1
Surface resistivity Ω DIN EN ISO 62631-3-2
CTI, test liquid A - IEC 60112
Dielectric strength EB1 kV/mm IEC 60423-1
Thermal properties
Heat distortion temperature HDT A (1.80 MPa) °C ISO 75-1/-2
Heat distortion temperature HDT B (0.45 MPa) °C ISO 75-1/-2
Thermal conductivity, 23 °C W/(m·K) DIN 52612-1
Specific heat capacity, 23 °C J/(g·K) -
Mechanical properties
Hardness Shore ISO 7619-1 (3s)
Tensile modulus of elasticity MPa ISO 527-2-5A
Tensile strength MPa ISO 527-2-5A
Strain at break % ISO 527-2-5A
Charpy impact strength +23 °C kJ/m² ISO 179-1eU
Charpy impact strength -30 °C kJ/m² ISO 179-1eU
Charpy notched impact strength +23 °C kJ/m² ISO 179-1eA
Charpy notched impact strength -30 °C kJ/m² ISO 179-1eA
Processing
Melt mass flow rate MFR, test temperature/load g / 10 min. ISO 1133
Melt temperature range for injection-molding °C
Mold temperature range for injection-molding °C

Footnote:
1
passed: +
2
product not UL-listed

Values after tempering (20 h, 100 °C) in conditioned state

 ELASTOLLAN®
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 33

Physical properties

Reinforced Grade
R 3000

1,38

HB (0.75 -3.0)
725 (1.9)
650 (1.9)

600
1,00E+9
1,00E+15
600
35

126
162

73 (A)
2,800
80
10
120
70
30
10

25, 230/2.16
225-245
40-70

Glas fiber reinforced thermoplastic

polyurethane with excellent properties
such as very high impact strength,
high stiffness combined with balanced
elongation, low thermal expansion, low
shrinkage and good paintability.
34 ELASTOLLAN®
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Physical properties
Gas permeability

Gas permeability
The passage of gas through a test specimen is called The variation of diffusion coefficient with temperature using
diffusion. This takes place in three stages: Elastollan® 1185 A and nitrogen as example is illustrated in
1. Solution of the gas in the test specimen. Fig. 39.
2. Diffusion of the dissolved gas through the test specimen.
3. Evaporation of the gas from the test specimen. 120
Permeation coefficient Q [m2/(s · Pa)] 10 –18

The diffusion coefficient Q [m2/(s · Pa)] is a material constant

100
which specifies the volume of gas which will pass through
a test specimen of known surface area and thickness in
a fixed time, with a given partial pressure difference. The 80
coefficient varies with temperature and is determined in
accordance with DIN 53536.
60

Elastollan® Gas
grade Ar CH4 CO2 H2 He N2 O2 40
C 80 A 12 11 200 45 35 4 14
C 85 A 9 6 150 40 30 3 10
C 90 A 5 4 40 30 25 2 7 20
C 95 A 3 2 20 20 20 1 4
1180 A 14 18 230 70 50 6 21
1185 A 9 14 180 60 40 5 16 0
1190 A 7 9 130 50 30 4 12 0 20 40 60 80
1195 A 6 5 90 40 20 3 8 Temperature [°C]
Fig. 39: Affect of temperature on permeability coefficient:
Table 3: Gas permeability coefficient Q [m2/(s · Pa)] · 10–18
Elastollan® 1185 A with nitrogen

Table 3 shows the gas diffusion coefficients of Elastollan®

grades for various gases at a temperature of 20 °C.
 ELASTOLLAN®
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 35

Physical properties
Gas permeability

Water vapor permeability

The water vapor permeability WDD [g/(m2 · d)] of a plastic is
determined in accordance with DIN 53122-1. This is defined
as the amount of water vapor passing through 1 m2 of
test specimen under set conditions (temperature, humidity
differential) in 24 hours, and is roughly in inverse proportion
to specimen thickness.

The figures shown in Table 4 were obtained with a

temperature of 23 °C, a humidity differential of 85 % relative
humidity and with a film thickness of 50 μm.

Elastollan® grade WDD

E 890 A 83
E 1185 A 183
E SP 883 A 192
E SP 806 261
E 1170 A 388
E SP 9109 686
E 1385 A 786

Table 4: Water vapor permeability WDD [g/(m² · d)] according to DIN

53122-1, 23 °C at 85 % r.h., 50 μm film.