Subject: Practical Research 2

Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600

Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section:
Email: [email protected]; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph

Second Trimester, SY 2020 – 2021 Subject Teacher: Kenny Jones A. Amlos

MODULE 3

Dear Student,

Welcome to the PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Course offered by The

University of the Cordilleras, Integrated School, Senior High School. This
course module emphasizes on self-directed, research-based, and
outcome-based learning. The key in successfully passing this subject lies in
your commitment in learning and complying with the requirements. It is our
desire that you pass this subject fully equipped with the necessary 21st
Century skills. This module was designed to provide you with a fun and
meaningful learning experiences and opportunities. You will be enabled to
process the content of this module while being an active learner.

Enjoy and maximize the learning while in your own homes.

In this module, you will be encountering the following parts and icons. (Parts depending per subject)

This part enumerates the objectives of the module. This part shall give
TARGET you an idea of the skills or competencies you are expected to
acquire upon completion of this module.

This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already
TESTER know about the lesson to take.

In this portion, a new lesson will be introduced. This section provides a

TEACHING discussion of the lesson. This section aims to help you explore and
understand new concepts and skills.

This involves the reflective part of the module. It contains various

TAKE AWAY activities that will allow you to reflect and state what you have
learned.

This is the assessment presented at the end of each module. This

section aims to check how much have you learned from the module.
TOUCHSTONE This will also evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

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 Subject: Practical Research 2
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section:
Email: [email protected]; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph

Second Trimester, SY 2020 – 2021 Subject Teacher: Kenny Jones A. Amlos

MODULE 3

CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH DESIGN

OBJECTIVES

After completing this chapter, you’ll be able to:

1. understand the expectations for reading and writing Methodology part

of a research paper;
2. explain the purpose of research design and apply certain guidelines for
selecting the research design suitable for the research; and
3. determine specific reading and writing strategies that work best for you
individually.

CONTENT

1. Research Design
2. The Subject of the Study
3. Data Gathering Procedure
4. Data Analysis

LECTURES

CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH DESIGN

Engaging in research requires making choices and decisions relating to many aspects of
your research, for example, the primary purpose of your study, its focus, intended audience,
subjects or respondents and objectives, data needed, and data collection and analysis
procedures.
For this module, the different parts of chapter two will be discussed. These include
research design, Subject of the study, Data Gathering procedure, and data analysis.

1. Writing the Research Design

A research design specifies at least three processes of your research study,

namely, “(A) the data collection process, (B) the instrument development process,
(C) the sampling process” (Bhattacherjee 2012, 35). The data collection process is
often loosely referred to as “research design” (Ibid.).
The research design is the entire strategic plan of how to go about finding the
answers to your research question/s. Ragin (1994,191) gave a comprehensive
definition of research design:
Research design is a plan for collecting and analyzing evidence that will make
it possible for the investigator to answer whatever questions he or she posed. The
design of an investigation touches almost all aspects of the research, from the
minute details of data collection to the selection of the techniques of data analysis.

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 Subject: Practical Research 2
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section:
Email: [email protected]; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph

First Trimester, SY 2020 – 2021 Subject Teacher: Kenny Jones A. Amlos

MODULE 3

Research design for a research study usually confronts questions such as:
1. What data is needed to answer the research question/s?
2. How will the data be collected?
3. Are the data both available and accessible?
4. Will there be an adequate number and suitable diversity of respondents to
the research?
5. How will the data be analyzed?
6. Is there sufficient time and resources for data collection and analysis?

2. The subject of the Study

A research subject is an individual/s who participate in the research.

Information (or data) is collected from or about the participant/s to help answer
the question under study. Sometimes research subjects are referred to as human
subjects, research participants or study volunteers.
Each study has its own set of criteria to determine who can participate. This
depends on the research question being asked and may include restrictions based
on age, behaviors, health status or other traits.

3. Data Gathering Procedure

Data collection methods depends on the nature and focus of the study and the
purpose or goals of research that a researcher pursues.
There are three steps included in data collection. These are: (1) Setting the
boundaries of the study; (2) collecting information through observations, interviews,
documents, and visual materials; and (3) Establishing the protocol for recording
information.
1. Setting the boundaries of the study
✓ Identify the research site or where the research will take place, that is, the
setting.
✓ Identify the participants or subjects of the study or who will be observed
or interviewed, that is, the actors.
✓ Identify what the actors will be observed doing about, that is, the events.
✓ Note the evolving nature of events undertaken by the actors within the
setting, that is, the process.
✓ Setting the boundaries for the study also include the identification of the
type or types of data to be collected as well as the justification or
rationale for the data collection.

2. collecting information through observations, interviews, documents

✓ Gather observational notes by conducting an observation as a
participant or an observer.
✓ Conduct an unstructured, open-ended interview and take interview
notes.
✓ Conduct an unstructured, open-ended interview, audiotape the
interview, and transcribe the interview.
✓ Keep a journal during the research study.
✓ Have an informant keep a journal during the research study.
✓ Collect personal letters from informants.
✓ Analyze public documents.
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 Subject: Practical Research 2
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section:
Email: [email protected]; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph

First Trimester, SY 2020 – 2021 Subject Teacher: Kenny Jones A. Amlos

MODULE 3

✓ Examine photographs and videotapes.

✓ Have informants take photographs or videotapes.
✓ Collect sounds

3. Establishing the protocol for recording information.

Prior to entering the field for data collection, you must plan your
approach. The plan must include answers to questions such as, “What is to be
recorded?” and “How will it be recorded?”

What is a Protocol? And what should be included in the Protocol?

A protocol is a form of recording information observed from the field. It
has Descriptive notes and Reflective notes.
✓ Descriptive notes- portraits of the informants, a reconstruction of
dialogue, a description of the physical setting, accounts of particular
events, and activities.

✓ Reflective notes- an opportunity for the researcher to record personal

thoughts such as “speculation, feelings, problems, ideas, hunches,
impressions and prejudices.

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN DATA COLLECTION

➢ Clear and written articulation of the research objectives and
description of how data will be used.
➢ Written permission from the informant to proceed with the
study as articulated.
➢ Informing the informant of all data collection devices and
activities.
➢ Verbatim transcriptions and written interpretations and reports
will be made available to the informant.
➢ Prioritizing the informant’s rights, interests, and wishes when
choices are made regarding reporting the data.
➢ Giving the informant the discretion to decide about his or her
anonymity.

4. Data Analysis
Data analysis and interpretation are interrelated stages in research. Researchers
remain open to new ideas in data, visiting and revisiting their analysis and interpretation
as their study proceed. Here are three possible steps of data analysis and interpretation.

Step 1: Data Preparation phase

Know what data you are going to analyze and whether these data are
going to provide an understanding of your research question.

Step 2: Data exploration and data reduction

In the exploration phase, you read you read your textual or visual or
audio data and think about it. In the process of thinking, mark up your text by
highlighting what you feel and think is important. You may write the ideas in a
form of a memo. Try summarizing the data you have collected thus far. Write
down any idea that come to you as you are reading your notes, interviews,
and so on. What things fit together? What is problematic?

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 Subject: Practical Research 2
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section:
Email: [email protected]; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph

First Trimester, SY 2020 – 2021 Subject Teacher: Kenny Jones A. Amlos

MODULE 3

Step 3: Interpretation
In this phase, you engage simultaneously in the processes of data
collection, data analysis and interpretation of research findings. A major
concern here is the extent to which power differences between the researcher
and researched impact or affect the research findings and the researcher’s
assessment of what they mean (the interpretation process). Hence, the
question is, what power does the researcher have in determining whose voice
will be heard in the interpretation of research findings?

REFERENCES

Mendoza, D.J. & Melegrito, Ma. L.F. (2017) Applied Research: An Introduction to
Qualitative Research Methods and report writing. 927 Quezon ave., Quezon city,
Philippines. Phoenix Publishing house, Inc.

https://www.rochester.edu/ohsp/subject/participatingInResearch.html#:~:text=A%20res
earch%20subject%20is%20an,research%20participants%20or%20st

http://wilderdom.com/research/QualitativeVersusQuantitativeResearch.html

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270956555_CHAPTER_3_-
_RESEARCH_METHODOLOGY_Data_collection_method_and_Research_tools