CARAGA STATE UNIVERSITY

Ampayon, Butuan City, Agusan Del Norte

THE INDIVIDUAL AND ITS ENVIRONMENT

UP ON CUBICLE SPACE

ACTIVITY #1

Dexter Gmola
DJK2 ECOLOGY
October 2020
 ABSTRACT

We spend time to capture the main objectives of this study which is to

determine the variation in physical environment in a small land area
consisting of grasses and tress. To identify organisms found in both areas like
organisms which occur singly or in groups. To explain how individual
organisms modify their physical and biological environment. And to analyse
the responses of individual organisms to variation in physical and biological
environment. However despite this pandemic that we cannot go out to
experience or to conduct in cosiness area to perfectly execute this activity.
Whereas I do such things that will impressed you about this activity like
beyond your expectation about the title of this field assignment.

INTRODUCTION
In our backyard there are 4 plants the lanzones tree (Lansium parasiticum),
Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum), Mango tree ( magnifera indica), and the
spike spiral flagginger. I choose the mango tree and spike spiral ginger(coatus
spicatus) which on this paper fill of those data that I can get through conducting
this activity.
The mango tree is erect, 30 to 100ft (roughly 10-30m) high, with a broad,
rounded canopy which may with age attain 100 to 125ft (30-38m) in width or
more upright oval relatively slender crown. In deep soil the taproot descends to a
depth of 20ft (6 in) the profuse wide spreading, feeder root system also sends
down many anchor roots which penetrate for several feet. The tree is long-lived
some specimens being known to be 300 years old and still fruiting. Blooming is
strongly affected by weather, dryness stimulating flowering and rainy weather
discouraging it. In most of India, flowering occurs in December and January; in
northern India, in January and February or as late as March. There are some
varieties called "Baramasi" that flower and fruit irregularly throughout the year.
The cultivar 'Sam Ru Du' of Thailand bears 3 crops a year–in January, June and
October. In the drier islands of the Lesser Antilles, there are mango trees that
flower and fruit more or less continuously all year around but never heavily at
any time. Some of these are cultivars introduced from Florida where they flower
and fruit only once a year. In southern Florida, mango trees begin to bloom in
late November and continue until February or March, inasmuch as there are
early, medium, and late varieties. During exceptionally warm winters, mango
trees have been known to bloom 3 times in succession, each time setting and
maturing fruit.In the Philippines, various methods are employed to promote
 flowering: smudging (smoking), exposing the roots, pruning, girdling,
withholding nitrogen and irrigation, and even applying salt. In the West Indies,
there is a common folk practice of slashing the trunk with a machete to make the
tree bloom and bear in "off" years. Deblos-soming (removing half the flower
clusters) in an "on" year will induce at least a small crop in the next "off" year.
Almost any treatment or condition that retards vegetative growth will have this
effect. Spraying with growth-retardant chemicals has been tried, with
inconsistent results. Potassium nitrate has been effective in the Philippines. And
the spike spiral ginger (coatus spicatus) is a rhizomatous herbaceous plant.
Stems are stout, leafy, up to 2 meters or more in height, and 1.6 centimeters in
diameter. Leaves are spirally arranged, oblong, 15 to 30 centimeters long, with
pointed tip, short stalks and covered with soft hairs on the lower surface.
Flowers occur in very dense, solitary spikes. Spikes are very dense, solitary,
terminal, ovoid, 5 to 10 centimeters long; purple bracts ovate, 2.5 to 4.5
centimeters long. Calyx is flattened, purple, 3 to 5 centimeters long, with 3 short,
ovate lobes. Corolla segments are white, oblong, 4 to 6 centimeters long. Lip is
white, suborbicular, 6 to 8 centimeters long, crinkled, irregularly and rather
finely toothed, the margins incurved and meeting. Stamen is flat, and including
the broad petaloid connective, is about 5 centimeters long and 12 to 15
centimeters wide. Fruits are capsules, ovoid to rounded, 1.5 to 2 centimeters
long, red, crowned by the persistent calyx. On this paper the researchers will
prepare you to experience on how each species adopt to its environment and
growing with benefits within the specific area or spot.

DATA AND ANALYSIS

Table 1. Readings of physico-chemical factors taken in the different sites.

TRIALS AIR TEMP SOIL TEMP DEEPER SOIL RELATIVE PH

TEMP HUMIDITY
sun shade sun shade sun Shade sun shad sun shade
e
1 38.5°c 35.0°c 32.5°c 31.5°c 30.5°c 29.5°c 22°c 19°c 7°c 6°c
2 36.5°c 34.5°c 32.0°c 31.0°c 29.0°c 28.5°c 25°c 22°c 7°c 7°c
3 37.5°c 32.0°c 33.0°c 32.5°c 30.5°c 29.0°c 27°c 20°c 8°c 8°c
AVERAGE 37.5 °c 33.83°c 32.5°c 31.66°c 30.0°c 29.0°c 24.66°c 20.3 7.33°c 7.0°c
3°c

TABLE 1: TRIAL 1
6
Ph
7

19
Relative Humidity
22
Shade
29.5 Sun
Deeper Soil Temp.
30.5

31.5
Soil Temp.
32.5

35
Air Temp.
38.5

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
 TABLE 1: TRIAL 2
7
Ph
7
22
Relative Humidity
25 Shade
28.5 Sun
Deeper Soil Temp.
29
31
Soil Temp.
32
34.5
Air Temp.
36.5

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

TABLE 1: TRIAL 3
8
Ph
8
20
Relative Humidity
27 Shade
29 Sun
Deeper Soil Temp.
30.5
32.5
Soil Temp.
33
32
Air Temp.
37.5

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
On this table, based on the given data you can appreciate how it goes rise from 1 st trial which
gives a lowest measure than to the 3rd as last trial for the conclusion of this table. And through
pH meter on this process we can identify how acidic or more alkali the soil either it is bad for
the plant or has the advantage to the plant. Because the range that goes from 0 to 14, with 7
being neutral. pHs of less than 7 indicate acidity. Whereas a pH of greater than 7 indicates a
base. pH is really a measure of the relative amount of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in the
water. And having the exact or correct pH is important for healthy plant growth. As being aware
of the long term effects of different soil management practices on soil pH is also important, to
the pH measurements even there’s a variety of data but you can estimate that on this trial and
site is more efficient or inefficient in acid and alkaline. In relative humidity even you will check
the given data you’re really be impressed but not shock because that is already known that on
the line of plant such exposed on sun are more high measurements on vapor pressure on the
air its because of the process of evaporation through the wind and the sun. That’s why on the
shade parts are not high to the air vapor because of lack of sun light and relative humidity of
50% means the air holds on that day hold 50% of water needed for the air to be saturated,
saturated air has a relative humidity of 100 . About deeper soil temperature and soil
temperature on this sample data of soil temperature on the deep soil you can see and define
the situation upon the data that more high temperature within the sun unlike to the shade
sample, soil temperature is the factor that germination of seeds. Soil temperature directly
affects plant growth. Most soil organisms function best at an optimum soil temperature, you
can definitely give attention when you know the soil temperature it’s because increasing soil
temperature influence soil aeration through their stimulating effect on the growth of plants and
soil organisms and on the rates of biochemical activity. And on air temperature you can easily
define both the sun and shade because commonly that when anything that expose to the sun
are getting high temperature of hot then temperature on air could make the plants affected
either it is cold or hot, temperature influences most plant processes including photosynthesis,
transpiration, respiration, germination, and flowering. As temperature increase up to a point,
photosynthesis, transpiration and etc. could increase also. Hence, on this table you can see the
significant each of the data.

Table 2. Raw data table on leaf sizes.

LEAF NUMBER MAXIMUM LENGTH MAXIMUM WIDTH (Inch)

(Inch)
LEAF #1 11.1 4

LEAF #2 9.0 3.3

LEAF #3 9.8 3.2

LEAF #4 10.4 3.9

LEAF #5 9.0 3.0

LEAF #6 7.4 2.1

LEAF #7 8.6 2.7

LEAF #8 9.6 3.4

LEAF #9 8.0 2.3

LEAF #10 6.6 1.8

LEAF #11 9.5 2.6

LEAF #12 5.4 2.3

LEAF #13 9.4 2.3

LEAF #11 9.5 2.6

LEAF #14 6.6 2.0

LEAF #15 8.6 2.1

LEAF #16 8.3 2.0

LEAF #17 7.3 1.6

LEAF #18 7.3 1.8

LEAF #19 6.1 1.8

LEAF #20 8.9 2.2

TOTAL 16.4 50.4
 MEAN 8.2 2.52

Table 2.
12 11.1
: .
10.4
9.8 9.6 9.5
10 9.4
9 9 8.9
8.6 8.6 8.3
8
8 7.4 7.3 7.3
6.6 6.6
6.1
6 5.3

4 3.9
4 3.3 3.2 3.4
3 2.7
2.3 2.6 2.4 2.3
2.1 2 2.1 2 2.2
1.8 1.6 1.8 1.8
2

0
0 5 10 15 20 25

MAXIMUM WITDH MAXIMUM HIEGTH

On this table you can see the various size of a leaf (mango leaf) that though they are in one
roots and stem yet they have a unique sizes On this table you can see the various size of a leaf
(mango leaf) that though they are in one roots and stem yet they have a unique sizes.

Table 3. Observations made for shade and open environment.

CHARACTERISTICS TRANSPLANTED IN THE TRANSPLANTED IN THE SHADE

OPEN (spike spiral flag ginger)
(spike spiral flag ginger)
Plant size 36 24

Leaf turgidity Slender Bloated

Leaf color GREEN GRASS GREEN SHAMROCK

Leaf shape aristate aristate

Herbivore damage Holes Ant, avian

Other observations Abundant in flowers Dusky color ofleaf

: On this table I used only 2 same plant ( spike spiral flag ginger ) to our backyard. I undergo the
process of observation and with this I fill up the blanks of table 3, the healthy plant is on the side of
being exposed in sunlight unlike the place on shaded or not exposed in sun. definitely sure that the
plant could live healthy when all the process of its needs are complete.

MATERIALS and METHOD

The researcher is looking the perfect site where a patch of forest is adjacent to a grassland area.
Then I undergo this activity equipped with Thermometer a device that measures temperature
or a temperature gradient where I used to measure the temperature of air. Improvised
psychrometrer or hygro-thermometer measures the relative humidity in the atmosphere or
measures the quantity of water vapour in the air. Using the Shovel for digging, lifting, and
moving the bulk materials, such as soil. A Meter sticks or transect tapes I used only meter stick
because its only the available where I used to measure the length from the selected tree to an
area. Tape measure for getting the maximum length and weight of the leaf. I used watch to
determine the exact amount of time or the duration. Calibrated string as I clearly measured
things I used this equipment intended to control errors or uncertainties within measurement
process to an acceptable level. Improvised pH meter to determine the levels of acid and alkaline
in the soil. And the last is Camera which I captured every steps and results of the observation.
Together with that in every cubicle space in our house I found lizard t which eat the little insect
to our ceiling.

CONCLUSION
The researcher pursue this activity with hope to fulfil, now you are reading the part that I am
concluding. Therefore the plants I used gives us solution that they still survive whether there’s a
portion does not exposed to the sun still they live and ongoing the process of photosynthesis
even in a sluggish scheme. They supply oxygen and foods to humans and insects even on the
trial does not pretty match but still there’s a portion that abundant on foods which on the
portion where the plat is exposed to the sun. Also the plant that are abundant in fruits or
flowers gives you 99% idea to expect that there is an insects there and consumed the foods or
flowers also insects gives a vital role such to decomposed the extinct leafs or plants to compose
organic.

REFERENCES
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%20changing%20chemically.
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