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Emf Equation of a DC Generator

As the armature rotates, a voltage is generated in its coils. In case of a generator, the emf of rotation is
called the Generated emf or Armature emf and is denoted as Er = Eg. In case of a motor, the emf of rotation
is known as Back emf or Counter emf and represented as Er = Eb.

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The expression for emf is same for both the operations. i.e for Generator as well as for Motor.

Derivation of EMF Equation of a DC Machine – Generator and Motor

Let,
 P – Number of poles of the machine

 – Flux per pole in Weber.

 Z – Total number of armature conductors.

 N – Speed of armature in revolution per minute (r.p.m).

 A – Number of parallel paths in the armature winding.

In one revolution of the armature, the flux cut by one conductor is given as

Time taken to complete one revolution is given as

Therefore, the average induced e.m.f in one conductor will be

Putting the value of (t) from Equation (2) in the equation (3) we will get

The number of conductors connected in series in each parallel path = Z/A.

Therefore, the average induced e.m.f across each parallel path or across the armature terminals is given by
the equation shown below.
Where, n is the speed in revolution per second (r.p.s) and given as

For a given machine, the number of poles and the number of conductors per parallel path (Z/A) are
constant. Hence, the equation (5) can be written as

Where, K is a constant and given as

Therefore, the average induced emf equation can also be written as

Where K1 is another constant and hence induced emf equation can be written as
Where ω is the angular velocity in radians/second is represented as

Thus, it is clear that the induced emf is directly proportional to the speed and flux per pole. The polarity of
induced emf depends upon the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of rotation. If either of the
two is reverse the polarity changes, but if two are reversed the polarity remains unchanged.

This induced emf is a fundamental phenomenon for all the DC Machines whether they are working as a
generator or motor.

If the machine DC Machine is working as a Generator, the induced emf is given by the equation shown
below.

Where, Eg is the Generated Emf

If the machine DC Machine is working as a Motor, the induced emf is given by the equation shown below.

In a motor, the induced emf is called Back Emf (Eb) because it acts opposite to the supply voltage.
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Related Terms:

1. EMF Equation of a Synchronous Generator

2. Torque Equation of a DC Motor

3. Back EMF in DC Motor

4. Induction Generator

5. Armature Reaction in a DC Generator

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Circuit Globe
March 11 at 6:44pm

The magnetic flux in a DC machine is

produced by the field coils carrying current.
The circulating current in the field windings
produces a magnetic flux and the
phenomenon is known as Excitation. To
known more about various types of DC
generator see here
http://circuitglobe.com/types-of-dc-
generator-separately-ex…

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