Scribd
Upload
44 views9 pages

Measurements and Instrumentation Lab: Exp11: 11 Sensors and Transducers

This document discusses a lab experiment involving light sensors and transducers. It provides background information on light sensors, describing how they convert light energy into electrical energy. Specifically, it focuses on photoconductive light sensors like photoresistors, which change their electrical resistance in response to light intensity. The document explains how a photoresistor can be used in a voltage divider circuit to generate different output voltages for different light levels. It also discusses two potential applications of light sensors in agriculture and security.

Uploaded by

Taghreed Shafaut
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
44 views9 pages

Measurements and Instrumentation Lab: Exp11: 11 Sensors and Transducers

This document discusses a lab experiment involving light sensors and transducers. It provides background information on light sensors, describing how they convert light energy into electrical energy. Specifically, it focuses on photoconductive light sensors like photoresistors, which change their electrical resistance in response to light intensity. The document explains how a photoresistor can be used in a voltage divider circuit to generate different output voltages for different light levels. It also discusses two potential applications of light sensors in agriculture and security.

Uploaded by

Taghreed Shafaut
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

Measurements and instrumentation lab

Exp11 : 11 Sensors and Transducers

Week one : 27/dec/2020

Names :
1) ‫تغزيد حسه احمد‬
2) ‫رهف بهجات المجالي‬
3) ‫سىدس ابزاهيم الذويبات‬
4) ‫شهد طارق الحج دمحم‬
5) ‫واوسي عثمان‬
 Objective

1) To study the electronic cct controlled


by light sensor .
Light Sensors
A light sensor is a device that commonly known as
“Photoelectric Devices” or “Photo Sensors” because it convert
light energy (photons) whether visible or infra-red light to
electrical energy (electrons). Seems simple? There is more to a
light sensor then just its definition. It comes in different types,
used in various applications and more.

Photoelectric devices can be grouped into two main categories,


those which generate electricity when illuminated, such
as Photo-voltaics or Photo-emissives etc, and those which
change their electrical properties in some way such as Photo-
resistors or Photo-conductors.

The Photoconductive Cell


A Photoconductive light sensor does not produce electricity but
simply changes its physical properties when subjected to light
energy. The most common type of photoconductive device is
the Photoresistor which changes its electrical resistance in
response to changes in the light intensity.
Photoresistors are Semiconductor devices that use light energy
to control the flow of electrons, and hence the current flowing
through them. The commonly used Photoconductive Cell is
called the Light Dependent Resistor or LDR..
What are photoresistors made of?
As its name implies, the Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) is
made from a piece of exposed semiconductor material such as
cadmium sulphide that changes its electrical resistance from
several thousand Ohms in the dark to only a few hundred Ohms
when light falls upon it by creating hole-electron pairs in the
material.

Connecting a light dependant resistor in series with a standard


resistor like this across a single DC supply voltage has one major
advantage, a different voltage will appear at their junction for
different levels of light.
The amount of voltage drop across series resistor, R2 is determined
by the resistive value of the light dependant resistor, RLDR. This
ability to generate different voltages produces a very handy circuit
called a “Potential Divider” or Voltage Divider Network.
As we know, the current through a series circuit is common and as
the LDR changes its resistive value due to the light intensity, the
voltage present at VOUT will be determined by the voltage divider
formula. An LDR’s resistance, RLDR can vary from about 100Ω in the
sun light, to over 10MΩ in absolute darkness with this variation of
resistance being converted into a voltage variation at VOUT .
Relay switch basics
A relay is a form of electrical switch that is operated by
electromagnet which changes over the switching when
current is applied to the coil.
These relays may be operated by switch circuits where
the switch cannot take the high current of the electrical
relay, or they may be operated by electronic circuits, etc.
In either circumstance they provide a very simple and
attractive proposition for electrical switching.
The circuit
Application using light sensor

1) Agricultural Usage
We all know crops need mainly two things for growth; Sunlight and
water. This is where a light sensor comes to play, helping farmers keep
their crops hydrated yet not over-hydrating it. Here’s how:

 A light sensor is connected to a sprinkler system, detecting levels of


sunlight and only activating it when the sun isn’t at its brightest
 It is used alongside other temperature sensors to help gather informative
data as well.

2) Security applications
Commonly used in circuits for shipment cargos, light sensors are connected
to circuits and placed inside as it can detect whenever a container is open
due to the change in light exposure. This helps in better processing of lost
goods and tracking of personnel.

 As such, photoresistors are commonly used due to its suitability

You might also like