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CVL 757: Tutorial 1

The document discusses various examples of structural analysis problems involving stiffness matrices. It addresses stiffness matrices for systems with springs and rigid blocks, cables under tension, structures with rigid bars and springs, cantilever beams, trusses, and curved beam elements. The problems involve determining the appropriate displacement degrees of freedom and constructing the stiffness matrices to relate applied forces to displacements for each system.

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Mickey Dalbehera
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273 views3 pages

CVL 757: Tutorial 1

The document discusses various examples of structural analysis problems involving stiffness matrices. It addresses stiffness matrices for systems with springs and rigid blocks, cables under tension, structures with rigid bars and springs, cantilever beams, trusses, and curved beam elements. The problems involve determining the appropriate displacement degrees of freedom and constructing the stiffness matrices to relate applied forces to displacements for each system.

Uploaded by

Mickey Dalbehera
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CVL

757: Tutorial 1

1. In the two plane structures shown below, rigid blocks are connected by linear springs.
Imagine that only horizontal displacements are allowed. In each case, write the structure
equilibrium equations [K]{D} = {R} in terms of the spring stiffness ki , displacement d.o.f.
ui and applied loads Fi.



2. Consider a cable element of length 𝐿 under constant tension 𝑇, as shown. Assume that
lateral deflection 𝑣 is linear in 𝑥 and that 𝑣 ≪ 𝐿. What is the stiffness matrix that operates
on d.o.f. 𝑣& and 𝑣' ? (Note that the matrix will contain 𝑇. Lateral forces 𝐹& and 𝐹' will be
collinear with the dof.)



3. The plane structure shown consists of a rigid, weightless bar and linear springs of stiffness
matrices 𝑘& and 𝑘' . Only small vertical displacements are permitted. Stiffness matrix [K]
of this structure is 2 by 2 but can have various forms, depending on the choice of d.o.f.
Determine [K] for each of the following choices of lateral translation d.o.f. (a) 𝑣& at 𝑥 = 0
and 𝑣' at 𝑥 = 𝐿, as shown. (b) 𝑣& at 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑣, at 𝑥 = 𝐿/2. (c) 𝑣' at 𝑥 = 𝐿 and 𝑣/ at
𝑥 = 2𝐿.



4. For the structure described in Problem 3, determine [K] for each of the following choices
of d.o.f. (a) Lateral displacement 𝑣& at 𝑥 = 0 and small rotation 𝜃 about 𝑥 = 0. (b)
Lateral displacement 𝑣/ at 𝑥 = 2𝐿 and small rotation 𝜃 about x = 2L.

5. To elevate the end of a cantilever beam without rotating it, as shown, force and moment
are required. From the information shown, fill in as many numerical values as you can in
an element stiffness matrix that operates on nodal d.o.f. 𝐝 = 𝑣& 𝜃2& 𝑣' 𝜃3' 4 , where 𝑣&
and 𝑣' are measured in millimeters. Do not use beam deflection formulae. Instead rely
on the given data, physical argument, statics, and the symmetry of [k]. Ignore transverse
shear deformation.



6. In Figure below, permute element node labels so that element nodes are numbered as
shown in the sketch for the present problem. Maintain structure node numbers as shown
in Figure.



7. Two collinear cantilever beams are connected by a frictionless hinge, as shown. Flexural
stiffness 𝐸𝐼2 is the same for both beams. Load 𝑃 and deformations are confined to the
𝑥𝑦 plane. Write the stiffness matrix that operates on the "active" d.o.f. Ignore transverse
shear deformation.



8. Displacements of the two-member truss shown are confined to the plane of the figure.
Both members have the same A, E, and L. Obtain the 2 by 2 stiffness matrix that operates
on horizontal and vertical displacements of the top node. Solve for these displacements,
and for axial stress in members, when downward load P is applied.


9. For the quarter-circle curved beam element shown below, use the d.o.f. indicated and
confine displacements to the xy plane. (a) Do individual rows (or columns) of [k] sum to
zero? Why or why not? (Do not construct [k] to answer.) (b) Write the most general nodal
displacement vector that expresses rigid-body motion. (c) Write {d} (all six terms) such
that [k]{d} = 0. There are infinitely many possibilities; write three {d}'s that are linearly
independent.



10. Shape functions of C0 elements satisfy the relation Σ𝑁; = 0, but such is not the case for
shape functions of a C1 element such as a plane beam. Why?

11. Imagine that a curve 𝜙 = 𝜙(𝑥) is to be fitted to three data values: 𝜙& and 𝜙,A& at x = 0
and 𝜙' at x = L (analogous to Figure below but with 𝜙,A& unspecified). Determine the
shape functions. Also sketch them and check their behavior at x = 0 and at x = L (in the
manner of plotting shape functions of cubic curve done in the lecture).

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