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C.T Knee Point Voltage Calculation

The document provides calculations to determine the minimum knee point voltages for transformer current transformer (CT) cores used for differential and restricted earth fault (REF) protection in a 66kV substation. For differential protection CTs using an ABB RADSB relay, the calculated knee point voltage is 280V. For REF protection CTs using an Alstom CAG14 relay, the calculated knee point voltage is 120V. Formulas are provided using parameters like CT secondary resistance, lead resistance, and equivalent fault currents to determine the knee point voltages.

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5K views2 pages

C.T Knee Point Voltage Calculation

The document provides calculations to determine the minimum knee point voltages for transformer current transformer (CT) cores used for differential and restricted earth fault (REF) protection in a 66kV substation. For differential protection CTs using an ABB RADSB relay, the calculated knee point voltage is 280V. For REF protection CTs using an Alstom CAG14 relay, the calculated knee point voltage is 120V. Formulas are provided using parameters like CT secondary resistance, lead resistance, and equivalent fault currents to determine the knee point voltages.

Uploaded by

kapil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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C.

T KNEE POINT VOLTAGE CALCULATION

CLIENT : M/s SWIL, JHAGADIA


PROJECT : 66 Kv SWITCHYARD
CONSULTANT : M/s ENGINEERS INDIA LTD.

1) Calculation of Knee point voltage for Transformer C.T ( Differential Protection)


We are using RADSB relay of ABB make for differential protection . However , we
are calculating the Knee point voltage using formula of Alstom make DTH-31 relay
as it is much on higher side..RADSB being a low impedence relay it will require still
lower knee point voltage.

Knee point voltage is derived by the following formula.

Vk = 40 I ( RCT + 2 RL)
Imag = 0.03I at Vk/4

Where ,
Vk = Knee point voltage required for C.T
Imag = Exciting Current
I = Relay rated Current
= 1A

RCT = C.T Secondary Winding resistance at 75 degree centigrade


= 3 ohms
RL = One way lead resistance between CT and relay
= Length of conductor in Km x resistivity of conductor per Km
= 0.25 x 8 ohm/km ( Considering 250 mtr of cable length)
= 2 ohm
Vk = 40 x I ( RCT + 2RL)
= 40 x 1 (3 + 2 x 0.25)
= 40 ( 3 + 4)
= 280 Volts

CT core shall have minimum knee point voltage of 280 volts.

Imag = 0.03 I at Vk/4


= 0.03 x 1 at Vk/4
= 0.03 A at Vk/4
Imag = 30 mA at Vk/4
2) Calculation for Knee point voltage for Transformer Neutral C.T. ( Restricted Earth
Fault Protection )

We are using Alstom make CAG 14 relay , wherein knee point voltage is derived by the
following formula.

Vk = 2 If ( RCT + 2 RL )

Where
If = Equivalent secondary pilot current of max fault current
RCT = C.T secondary winding resistance at 75 degree centigrade
= 4 ohms ( assumed)
RL = One way lead resistance between C.T and Relay
= Cable length in km x resistance of cable per km.
= 0.1 x 8 ohm/ km ( Considering 100 mtr of Cable length)
= 0.8 ohms

If shall be calculated as under:

Transformer Capacity = 8 / 10 MVA


Transformer rating = 66 / 6.9 Kv
Full load current on = (10 x 10^3)/ 1.732 x 6.9
L.V side
= 836.76 Amps
% Impedence = 8.35 %
Fault Current on L.V = 836.76 / 0.0835
Primary side
= 10021.13 Amp
= 10.02 KA

Fault current on L.V ( If) = 10.02 A ….. ( as C.T ratio is 1000/1 A)


secondary

Vk = 2If ( RCT + 2 RL)


= 2 x 10..02 ( 4 + 2 x 0.8 )
= 112.224 volts

CT core shall have minimum Knee point voltage of 120 volts.

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