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Gauss Quadrature Rule For Integration-More Examples Electrical Engineering

1) The document provides two examples of using Gauss quadrature rules to calculate the frequency of an oscillator circuit based on the probability distribution of component values. 2) In the first example, a two-point Gauss quadrature rule is used, resulting in a calculated frequency of 0.74831 and a true relative error of 23.825%. 3) In the second example, a three-point Gauss quadrature rule is used, giving a calculated frequency of 1.0320 and a true relative error of 5.0547%.

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Dhamu Dharan
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64 views3 pages

Gauss Quadrature Rule For Integration-More Examples Electrical Engineering

1) The document provides two examples of using Gauss quadrature rules to calculate the frequency of an oscillator circuit based on the probability distribution of component values. 2) In the first example, a two-point Gauss quadrature rule is used, resulting in a calculated frequency of 0.74831 and a true relative error of 23.825%. 3) In the second example, a three-point Gauss quadrature rule is used, giving a calculated frequency of 1.0320 and a true relative error of 5.0547%.

Uploaded by

Dhamu Dharan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 07.

06
Gauss Quadrature Rule for Integration-More
Examples
Electrical Engineering
Example 1:
All electrical components, especially off-the-shelf components do not match their nominal
value. Variations in materials and manufacturing as well as operating conditions can affect
their value. Suppose a circuit is designed such that it requires a specific component value,
how confident can we be that the variation in the component value will result in acceptable
circuit behavior? To solve this problem a probability density function is needed to be
integrated to determine the confidence interval. For an oscillator to have its frequency within
5% of the target of 1 kHz, the likelihood of this happening can then be determined by finding
the total area under the normal distribution for the range in question:
2 .9 x2
1 2
1      e dx
 2.15 2
a) Use two-point Gauss quadrature rule to find the frequency.
b) Find the absolute relative true error.
Solution
a) First, change the limits of integration from   2.15,2.9 to   1, 1 using
a  2.15
b  2.9
b 1
ba ba ba

a
f ( x ) dx   f
2 1  2
x dx
2 
gives
2.9    2.15  2.9    2.15 2.9    2.15 
2.9 1


 2.15
f ( x)dx 
2  f 
1
2
x
2
dx

1
 2.525  f  2.525 x  0.375 dx
1
Next, get weighting factors and function argument values for the two point rule,
c1  1.0000
x1  0.57735
c 2  1.0000
x 2  0.57735
Now we can use the Gauss Quadrature formula

07.06.1
07.06.2 Chapter 07.06

1
2.525  f  2.525x  0.375 dx  2.525 c1 f  2.525x1  0.375  c 2 f  2.525x 2  0.375 
1

 2.525 f  2.525  0.57735  0.375  f  2.52( 0.57735  0.375 


 2.525 f   1.0828  f 1.8328  
 2.525  0.22198   0.074383 
 0.74831
since
 1.0828  2
1 
f   1.0828  e 2

2
 0.22198
 1.8328  2
1 
f 1.8328  e 2

2
 0.074383

b) The absolute relative true error, t , is (Exact value = 0.98236)


0.98236  0.74831
t   100 %
0.98236
 23.825 %

Example 2
All electrical components, especially off-the-shelf components do not match their nominal
value. Variations in materials and manufacturing as well as operating conditions can affect
their value. Suppose a circuit is designed such that it requires a specific component value,
how confident can we be that the variation in the component value will result in acceptable
circuit behavior? To solve this problem a probability density function is needed to be
integrated to determine the confidence interval. For an oscillator to have its frequency within
5% of the target of 1 kHz, the likelihood of this happening can then be determined by finding
the total area under the normal distribution for the range in question:
2 .9 x2
1 2
1      e dx
 2.15 2

a) Use three-point Gauss quadrature rule to find the frequency.


b) Find the absolute relative true error.
Solution:
a) First, change the limits of integration from [2.15,2.9] to   1, 1 using
a  2.15
b  2.9
b 1
ba ba ba

a
f ( x ) dx   f
2 1  2
x dx
2 
gives
Gauss Quadrature Rule for Integration-More Examples: Electrical Engineering 07.06.3

2.9    2.15  2.9    2.15 2.9    2.15 


2.9 1


 2.15
f ( x)dx 
2  f 
1
2
x
2
dx

1
 2.5250  f  2.5250 x  0.37500 dx
1
The weighting factors and function argument values are
c1  0.55556
x1  0.77460
c 2  0.88889
x 2  0.0000
c3  0.55556
x3  0.77460
and the formula is
1
c f  2.5250x1  0.37500  c 2 f  2.5250x 2  0.37500 
2.5250 f  2.5250x  0.37500 dx  2.5250 1 
1  c3 f  2.5250x3  0.37500 
0.55556 f  2.5250  0.77460  0.37500  0.88889 f  2.5250 0.0000  0.37500 
 2.525 
 0.55556 f  2.5250 0.77460  0.37500 
 2.525 0.55556 f   1.5809  0.88889 f  0.37500  0.55556 f  2.3309 
 2.525 0.55556 0.11435   0.88889 0.37185  0.55556 0.026374 
 1.0320
since
 1.5809  2
1 
f   1.5809   e 2

2
 0.11435
 0.37500  2
1 
f  0.37500  e 2

2
 0.37186
 2.3309  2
1 
f  2.3309   e 2

2
 0.026374
b) The absolute relative true error, t , is (Exact value = 0.98236)
0.98236  1.0320
t   100 %
0.98236
 5.0547 %

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