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Lecture2 17 PDF

1) The Biot-Savart law provides a quantitative rule for computing the magnetic field generated by an electric current. It relates the magnetic field to a differential element of current-carrying wire. 2) For an infinitely long straight wire, the magnetic field generated at a perpendicular distance R is given by the Biot-Savart law. A power line carrying 500A would generate a 1μT magnetic field in a house 100m away. 3) The magnetic field inside and outside of an infinitely long cylindrical wire of radius R carrying a current I is computed using the Biot-Savart law and symmetry arguments about circular field lines.

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54 views8 pages

Lecture2 17 PDF

1) The Biot-Savart law provides a quantitative rule for computing the magnetic field generated by an electric current. It relates the magnetic field to a differential element of current-carrying wire. 2) For an infinitely long straight wire, the magnetic field generated at a perpendicular distance R is given by the Biot-Savart law. A power line carrying 500A would generate a 1μT magnetic field in a house 100m away. 3) The magnetic field inside and outside of an infinitely long cylindrical wire of radius R carrying a current I is computed using the Biot-Savart law and symmetry arguments about circular field lines.

Uploaded by

jeez jani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics 2102

Gabriela González

?
Jean-Baptiste Felix Savart
Biot (1774-1862) i (1791-1841)

•  Quantitative rule for


computing the magnetic field
from any electric current
•  Choose a differential element
of wire of length dL and
carrying a current i
•  The field dB from this element µ0 =4πx10-7 T.m/A
at a point located by the vector (permeability constant)
r is given by the Biot-Savart
Law: Compare with:

1
•  An infinitely long straight wire
carries a current i.
•  Determine the magnetic field
generated at a point located at a
perpendicular distance R from the
wire.
•  Choose an element ds as shown
•  Biot-Savart Law:
dB ~ ds x r
points INTO the page
•  Integrate over all such elements

2
A power line carries a
current of 500 A. What is
the magnetic field in a house
located 100m away from the
power line?

= 1 µT!!

Recall that the earth’s magnetic


field is ~10-4T = 100 µT

•  A circular loop of wire of ds


i
radius R carries a current i. R
•  What is the magnetic field at
the center of the loop?

Direction of B?? Not


another right hand rule?!
Curl fingers around
direction of CURRENT.
Thumb points along
FIELD! Into page in this
case.

3
Magnetic field due to wire 1
where the wire 2 is,

L I1 I2

F Force on wire 2 due to this field,

Given an arbitrary closed surface, the electric flux through it is


proportional to the charge enclosed by the surface.

q q
Flux=0!

4
No isolated magnetic poles! The magnetic flux through any closed
“Gaussian surface” will be ZERO. This is one of the four
“Maxwell’s equations”.

Always! No isolated
magnetic charges

i4
i3
The circulation of B i2
(the integral of B scalar i1
ds) along an imaginary ds
closed loop is proportional
to the net amount of current
traversing the loop.

Thumb rule for sign; ignore i4

As was the case for Gauss’ law, if you have a lot of symmetry,
knowing the circulation of B allows you to know B.

5
•  Infinitely long straight wire
with current i.
R
•  Symmetry: magnetic field
consists of circular loops
centered around wire.
•  So: choose a circular loop C
-- B is tangential to the loop
everywhere!
•  Angle between B and ds = 0.
(Go around loop in same
direction as B field lines!)

i
•  Infinitely long cylindrical
wire of finite radius R
carries a total current i with
uniform current density Current into
r page, circular
•  Compute the magnetic field
at a distance r from field lines
cylinder axis for: R
–  r < a (inside the wire)
–  r > a (outside the wire)

6
Current into
r page, field
tangent to the
closed
amperian loop

For r < R

r Current into
page, field
tangent to the
closed
amperian loop

For r > R
B(r)

For r < R
r

7
A circular loop or a coil currying electrical current is a magnetic
dipole, with magnetic dipole moment of magnitude µ=NiA.
Since the coil curries a current, it produces a magnetic field, that can
be calculated using Biot-Savart’s law:

All loops in the figure have radius r or 2r. Which of these


arrangements produce the largest magnetic field at the
point indicated?

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