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Physics 2102 Gabriela González

This document provides information about Physics 2102 taught by Professor Gabriela González. It includes the course schedule, exams, textbook, and grading policy. It describes the course content which will cover topics in electricity and magnetism including Coulomb's law, electric fields, circuits, Maxwell's equations, and electromagnetic waves. Key concepts about electric charge are summarized such as the quantization of charge, the structure of atoms, charging of conductors and insulators, and Coulomb's law governing the force between charges.

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jeez jani
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
52 views

Physics 2102 Gabriela González

This document provides information about Physics 2102 taught by Professor Gabriela González. It includes the course schedule, exams, textbook, and grading policy. It describes the course content which will cover topics in electricity and magnetism including Coulomb's law, electric fields, circuits, Maxwell's equations, and electromagnetic waves. Key concepts about electric charge are summarized such as the quantization of charge, the structure of atoms, charging of conductors and insulators, and Coulomb's law governing the force between charges.

Uploaded by

jeez jani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics 2102

Gabriela González

Charles-Augustin
de Coulomb
(1736-1806)

Gabriela González

Office hours:
Nicholson 271-C, Tue 5:30-6:30pm , Th 5-6pm or by appt

Phone: 578 0468

Email: [email protected]

Research:
Detection of Gravitational Waves
ligo.org
einsteinmessengers.org

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•  2102 Class website:
www.phys.lsu.edu/classes/spring2011/phys2102/
•  Our Section website: www.phys.lsu.edu/faculty/gonzalez/Teaching/Phys2102/

Schedule, grading policy, syllabus all posted here. Check both often!!

•  Lectures will be posted in our section’s website.

•  Textbook:
Fundamentals of Physics, Halliday, Resnick, and Walker, 9th edition.
We will cover chapters 21-38 in this class. You have access to the online textbook in
WileyPlus.com

•  Exams:
Two midterms: 6-7pm, Thursdays Feb 24 and Mar 31.
Final Exam (cumulative): Wed May 11, 3-5pm

Web-based system: WileyPlus.com


To register, go to
http://edugen.wiley.com/edugen/class/cls211589/

Notice that this is only for section 5!

Email me ([email protected]) ASAP if you have any trouble.


There will be one assignment per week, due Wed 2am (Tue late night)

The first assignment is due Wed Jan 26, on Ch 21.

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Score

Feb 24 exam (100 pts)


Mar 31 exam (100 pts)
Final Exam (150 points)
Homework (25 points)

Course grade is guaranteed to be at least as follows:

•  Electric charge
•  Electric force on other electric charges
•  Electric field, and electric potential
•  Moving electric charges : current
•  Electronic circuit components: batteries, resistors, capacitors
•  Electric currents
•  Magnetic field
•  Magnetic force on moving charges
•  Time-varying magnetic field
•  Electric Field
•  More circuit components: inductors
•  All together: Maxwell’s equations
•  Electromagnetic waves
•  Optical images
•  Matter waves

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•  Two types of charges: positive/negative
•  Like charges repel
•  Opposite charges attract

Charles-Augustin
de Coulomb
(1736-1806)

or

or
Coulomb’s law -- the force between point charges:
•  Lies along the line connecting the charges.
•  Is proportional to the magnitude of each charge.
•  Is inversely proportional to the distance squared.
•  Note that Newton’s third law says |F12| = |F21|!!

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For charges in a
VACUUM

k=

Often, we write k as:

•  Question: How do we figure out the force


on a point charge due to many other point
charges?
•  Answer: consider one pair at a time,
calculate the force (a vector!) in each case
using Coulomb’s Law and finally add all
the vectors! (“superposition”)
•  Useful to look out for SYMMETRY to
simplify calculations!

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q1= q2= q3= 20 µC

•  Three equal charges form q1


an equilateral triangle of d
side 1.5 m as shown d
•  Compute the force on q1 q3
•  What is the force on the
d
other charges? q2

1
α x

d
Solution: Set up a coordinate system, d
3
compute vector sum of F12 and F13
d
2

Charge +q
+q placed at center

What is the force on central particle?

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Total amount of charge in an isolated system is fixed (“conserved”)

Example: 2 identical metal


spheres have charges
+1C and –2C.
+1C -2C
You connect these together
with a metal wire; what is the ? ?
final charge distribution?

•  Charge is always found in INTEGER multiples


of the charge on an electron/proton ([[why?]])
•  Electron charge = e = -1.6 x 10-19 Coulombs
•  Proton charge = p = +1.6 x 10-19 Coulombs
•  Unit of charge: Coulomb (C) in MKS units
•  One cannot ISOLATE FRACTIONAL CHARGE
(e.g. -0.8 x 10-19 C, +1.9 x 10-19 C, etc.)
[[but what about quarks…?]]

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•  negative electron cloud
•  nucleus of positive protons, uncharged neutrons
•  Z = atomic number = # of protons = # of electrons in a neutral
atom
•  A = mass number = # of protons (Z) + # of neutrons (N)
•  electron charge = e = -1.6 x 10-19 Coulombs = - proton charge
•  electron mass = 9.10938188 × 10-31 kilograms
•  proton mass = 1.67262158 × 10-27 kilograms = neutron mass

•  In a conductor, electrons move around freely, forming a


“sea” of electrons. This is why metals conduct electricity.
•  Charges can be “induced” (moved around) in conductors.

Blue background = mobile electrons

Red circles = static positive charge (nuclei)

+ -

+ -

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•  In an insulator, each electron cloud is tightly bound to the
protons in a nucleus. Wood, glass, rubber.
•  Note that the electrons are not free to move throughout the
lattice, but the electron cloud can “distort” locally.

+ -

•  An object can be given some “excess”


charge: giving electrons to it (we give it
negative charge) or
taking electrons away (we “give” it positive
charge).

•  How do we do charge an object? Usually,


moving charges from one surface to another
by adhesion (helped by friction), or by
contact with other charged objects.

•  If a conductor, the whole electron sea


redistributes itself.

•  If an insulator, the electrons stay where they


are put.

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•  Electric charges come with two signs: positive and negative.

•  Like charges repel, opposite charges attract, with a magnitude


calculated from Coulomb’s law: F=kq1q2/r2

•  Atoms have a positive nucleus and a negative “cloud”.

•  Electron clouds can combine and flow freely in conductors;


are stuck to the nucleus in insulators.

• We can charge objects by transferring charge, or by induction.

•  Electrical charge is conserved, and quantized.

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