THERMODYNAMICS 1 TEMPERATURE & PRESSURE

LAGUNA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY PREPARED BY: ENGR. MARK AUGUSTO V. AGUS

PROBLEM SET 2- TEMPERATURE & PRESSURE

1. What is the pressure 8,000 ft. (2000m) below the surface of the ocean? Neglect the
compressibility factor, SI units.

𝐹
𝑃 = = 𝜌𝑔ℎ = 𝛾ℎ
𝐴
s.g. = 1.03 , 𝛾 = 10.08
𝑘𝑁
𝑃 = 10.08 (2000 𝑚) = 20, 160 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑚

2. If the temperature inside the furnaces is 700oK, what is the corresponding reading in
oF? If the oF scale is twice the oC scale, what will be the corresponding reading in each

scale?
1°𝑅 = 1.8°𝐾
Solution:
A)
°𝑅 = 1.8(700°𝐾) = 1260 𝐾
°𝐹 = 𝑅 − 460 = 800 °𝐹
B)
𝑡°𝐹 = 2𝑡°𝐶
9
𝑡°𝐶 + 32 = 2𝑡°𝐶
5

𝑡°𝐶 = 160°𝐶
𝑡°𝐹 = 320°𝐹

3. What is the equivalent oR of 400oK?

1°𝑅 = 1.8°𝐾
𝑇°𝑅 = 1.8(400°𝐾) = 720 𝐾

4. Water enters the condenser at 25oC and leaves at 40oC. What temperature difference
in oF?
Δ𝑡 = 40°𝐶 − 25°𝐶 = 15°𝐶
Δ𝑡𝐹 = 1.8Δ 𝐶 = 1.8(15) = 27°𝐹

5. Water enters the heater with 28oC and leaves at 75oC. What is the temperature
change in oF?
Δ𝑡°𝐹 = (1.8)(75 − 28) = 84.6 °𝐹

6. Consider a system whose temperature is 18°C. Express this temperature in R, K, and

°F.
𝑇°𝐾 = 18 + 273 = 291 𝐾
𝑇°𝑅 = 1.8(291 𝐾) = 524𝑅
THERMODYNAMICS 1 TEMPERATURE & PRESSURE
LAGUNA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY PREPARED BY: ENGR. MARK AUGUSTO V. AGUS

𝑡°𝐹 = 524 − 460 = 64 °𝐹

7. The temperature of a system rises by 15°C during a heating process. Express this rise
in temperature in Kelvins.
Δ𝑡°𝐶 = Δ𝑇°𝐾 = 15 𝐾

8. The temperature of a system drops by 45°F during a cooling process. Express this
drop in temperature in K, R, and °C.

Δ𝑡°𝐹 = Δ𝑇°𝑅 = 45 𝑅
Δ𝑇°𝐾 = (45)(1.8) = 81 𝐾
Δ𝑡°𝐶 = 81°𝐶

9. Consider two closed systems A and B. System A contains 3000 kJ of thermal energy
at 20°C, whereas system B contains 200 kJ of thermal energy at 50°C. Now the
systems are brought into contact with each other. Determine the direction of any
heat transfer between the two systems.

- That heat transfer from higher temperature reservoir to lower temperature

reservoir. The heat will transfer from Point B to Point A until temperature
equilibrium are reached.

10. What temperature at which water freezes using the Kelvin scale?
The will freeze at 273 K

11. What is the pressure reading of 35 psi in kPa?

Note:
1atm = 101.325 kPa= 14.7 psi = 10.33m H2) = 760 mm Hg

101.325 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑃 = 35𝑝𝑠𝑖 × = 241.25 𝑘𝑃𝑎
14.7 𝑝𝑠𝑖

12. Given steam pressure of 900 lb/ft 2, temperature of 300oF, specific volume of 5.8
ft3/lb. If the specific enthalpy is 9500 ft-lb/lb, what is the internal energy per lb of the
system?
ℎ = 𝑢 + 𝑝𝑉
𝑓𝑡 − 𝑙𝑏 𝑙𝑏 𝑓𝑡
𝑢 = ℎ − 𝑝𝑉 = 9500 − 900 5.8
𝑙𝑏 𝑓𝑡 𝑙𝑏

𝑓𝑡 − 𝑙𝑏
𝑢 = 4280
𝑙𝑏
13. The barometer reads 29.0 inches (737 mm) of mercury. What is the absolute
pressure if a vacuum gage reads 9.5 psi (66 kPa) in SI?
- Barometric pressure = atmospheric pressure
THERMODYNAMICS 1 TEMPERATURE & PRESSURE
LAGUNA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY PREPARED BY: ENGR. MARK AUGUSTO V. AGUS

101.325 𝑘𝑃𝑎 101.325 𝑘𝑃𝑎

𝑃 =𝑃 ± 𝑃 = 737 𝑚𝑚 𝐻𝑔 × − 9.5 𝑝𝑠𝑖 ×
760 𝑚𝑚 𝐻𝑔 14.7 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝑃 = 32.258 𝑘𝑃𝑎

14. A fluid with a vapor pressure of 0.2 Pa and a specific gravity of 12 is used in a
barometer. If the fluid column height is 1m, what is the atmospheric pressure?

𝑘𝑁 1 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑃 = 𝛾ℎ = 𝑠. 𝑔 𝛾 (ℎ) + 𝑃 = (12) 9.81 (1 𝑚 ) + 0.2𝑃𝑎 ×
𝑚 1000𝑃𝑎
𝑃 = 117.6 𝑘𝑃𝑎

15. What is the atmospheric pressure on a planet if the pressure is 100 kPa and the gage
pressure is 10 kPa?
𝑃 = 𝑃 + 𝑃
𝑃 = 𝑃 − 𝑃 = 100 𝑘𝑃𝑎 − 10 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑃 = 90 𝑘𝑃𝑎

16. A column of water 200 cm high. What will be its pressure equivalent in pascals?
Assuming the the water is at 4 degree celcius
𝑘𝑁
𝑝 = 𝛾ℎ = 9.81 (2 𝑚) = 19.6 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑜𝑟 19,600 𝑃𝑎
𝑚
Assuming that the water is at 20 degrees celcius
𝑘𝑁
𝑝 = 𝛾 ° ℎ = 9.79 (2 𝑚) = 19.58 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑜𝑟19, 580 𝑃𝑎
𝑚

17. A pressure gage connected to a tank reads 50 psi at a location where the barometric
reading is 29.1 mm Hg. Determine the absolute pressure in the tank. Take 𝜌Hg =848.4
lbm/ft3.

𝑃 =𝑃 + 𝑃 = 𝜌𝑔ℎ + 𝑃𝑔
𝑙𝑏 𝑓𝑡 3.28 𝑓𝑡
848.4 32.174 29.1 × 10 𝑚 ×
𝑓𝑡 𝑠 𝑚
= + 50 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝑖𝑛 𝑙𝑏 − 𝑓𝑡
144 32.174
𝑓𝑡 𝑙𝑏 − 𝑠
𝑃 = 50.56𝑝𝑠𝑖

18. A pressure gage connected to a tank reads 500 kPa at a location where the
atmospheric pressure is 94 kPa. Determine the absolute pressure in the tank.
𝑃 =𝑃 + 𝑃 = 94 𝑘𝑃𝑎 + 500 𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 594 𝑘𝑃𝑎

19. The barometer of a mountain hiker reads 930 mbars at the beginning of a hiking trip
and 780 mbars at the end. Neglecting the effect of altitude on local gravitational
acceleration, determine the vertical distance climbed. Assume an average air density
of 1.20 kg/m3.
THERMODYNAMICS 1 TEMPERATURE & PRESSURE
LAGUNA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY PREPARED BY: ENGR. MARK AUGUSTO V. AGUS

𝑝 − 𝑝 = 𝜌𝑔ℎ
100 𝑘𝑃𝑎 1000 𝑃𝑎
𝑝 − 𝑝 (0.93 𝑏𝑎𝑟 − 0.78 𝑏𝑎𝑟) × ×
ℎ= = 𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝜌 𝑔 𝑘𝑔 𝑚
1.2 × 9.80665
𝑚 𝑠
1274 .65 𝑚

20. The basic barometer can be used to measure the height of a building. If the
barometric readings at the top and at the bottom of a building are 730 and 755 mm
Hg, respectively, determine the height of the building. Take the densities of air and
mercury to be 1.18 kg/m3 and 13,600 kg/m3, respectively.
𝑝 − 𝑝 = 𝜌𝑔ℎ
101325 𝑃𝑎
𝑝 − 𝑝 (755𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 − 730𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔) ×
760 𝑚𝑚 𝐻𝑔
ℎ= =
𝜌 𝑔 𝑘𝑔 𝑚
1.18 × 9.80665
𝑚 𝑠
ℎ = 288.1 𝑚