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Objective: Be Able To Define and Identify Antheridium, Archegonium, Protonema, Sporangium, Gametophyte

This document defines and describes various structures involved in the reproduction and life cycles of non-vascular plants such as mosses and liverworts. It defines structures like antheridium, archegonium, protonema, and sporangium. It diagrams the alternation of generations showing the haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte phases. It describes key differences between mosses and liverworts and defines the sporophyte and gametophyte generations in their life cycles.

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Zara Hussain
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76 views4 pages

Objective: Be Able To Define and Identify Antheridium, Archegonium, Protonema, Sporangium, Gametophyte

This document defines and describes various structures involved in the reproduction and life cycles of non-vascular plants such as mosses and liverworts. It defines structures like antheridium, archegonium, protonema, and sporangium. It diagrams the alternation of generations showing the haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte phases. It describes key differences between mosses and liverworts and defines the sporophyte and gametophyte generations in their life cycles.

Uploaded by

Zara Hussain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Objective

Be able to define and identify antheridium, archegonium, protonema, sporangium,


gametophyte,

Antheridium
A male reproductive structure in non-flowering plants is called antheridium. It looks like a short,
thick, globular, or cylindrical sac.
Archegonium
The female sex organ in non-flowering plants such as ferns, mosses is known as archegonium.
An archegonium also occurs in some gymnosperms for example conifers and cycads. It has
flask-shaped structure that consist of a swollen base, a neck with one or more layers of cells.
Protonema
A primary, filamentous structure produced by germination of spore in mosses and liverworts and
develop into a mature gametophyte.
Sporangium
A sporangium is a structure in certain plants and other organisms that makes and stores spores.
Spores are haploid structure in organisms that help to germinate and form a new organism.
Gametophyte
It is a sexual phase in certain plants and algae. It develops sex organs that produce gametes,
haploid sex cells that form a diploid zygote by fertilization.
Diagram the plant life cycle to show alternation of generation

Plant life-cycle alternation of generation

Fertilization
Egg
Sperm Zygote
mitosis
haploid diploid Embryo
Gametophyte generation generation
Sporophyte
mitosis
Spores

Meiosis

Recognize mosses and liverworts?

Mosses
Mosses are spore bearing land plants that are commonly found in moist shady locations. Moss
tissues do not have cells to move water, so they are called non-vascular plants.
Liverworts
They are non-vascular plants similar to mosses and do not produce seeds, fruit, flowers or wood
and they lack vascular tissues. They produce spores for reproduction instead of seeds.
Identify and describe the function of sporophyte and gametophyte generation on mosses
and liverworts?
The gametophyte comprises the main plant (the green moss or liverwort), while the diploid
sporophyte is much smaller and is attached to the gametophyte. The haploid stage, in which a
multicellular haploid gametophyte develops from a spore and produces haploid gametes, is the
dominant stage in the bryophyte life cycle. The mature gametophyte produces both male and
female gametes, which join to form a diploid zygote. The zygote develops into the diploid
sporophyte, which extends from the gametophyte and produces haploid spores through meiosis.
Once the spores germinate, they produce new gametophyte plants and the cycle continues.

Distinguish and describe the function of moss archegonia and antheridia?

Antheridia Archegonia

Antheridia are male sex organs Archegonia are female sex organs of
Of the pteridophytes and bryophytes. Bryophytes, pteridophytes.

The antheridium is stalked, globose They are flask-shaped in structure.


elliptic structure. It encloses a single female gamete that
They form a large number of is non-motile
male gametes that are motile.

Recognize members of Lycophyta, and how they are different than Hepatophyta and
Bryophyta
Members of Lycophyta
o The club mosses
o The spike mosses
o The quillworts and their allies

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