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Calculation of Einstein Coefficient

The document discusses Einstein coefficients and their relationship to laser action. It states that the rate of spontaneous emission is proportional to the cube of the photon frequency, so lower frequencies are easier to achieve laser action. It also explains that for laser action, the rate of stimulated emission must dominate over absorption, which requires having more atoms in the excited state than the ground state.

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Osborne Kachaje
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740 views4 pages

Calculation of Einstein Coefficient

The document discusses Einstein coefficients and their relationship to laser action. It states that the rate of spontaneous emission is proportional to the cube of the photon frequency, so lower frequencies are easier to achieve laser action. It also explains that for laser action, the rate of stimulated emission must dominate over absorption, which requires having more atoms in the excited state than the ground state.

Uploaded by

Osborne Kachaje
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Laser : Fundamentals and Applications

Calculation Of Einstein Coefficient


• Using principle of detailed balance
 
  h 12 / kT 
A21  e 
ρ(hν12) = B12   B21  h12 / kT  
 1  B e
 
  12 

This equation can be written as,


 
 
A21  1 
ρ(hν12)=  B 
B21 h 12 / kT 

 B e  1 
12

  21  
On comparing with Planck’s radiation law
B21 = B12
A21 / B21 =2hν123/c2
Laser : Fundamentals and Applications

Relation between Einstein Coefficients


• B21 = B12 ,which means
Rate constant of absorption = Rate constant of stimulated emission
So, stimulated emission and absorption are equal probable.
• A21 / B21 =2hν 3/c2 12

Since h, c are constant so


Rate of spontaneous emission/Rate of stimulated emission ∝ ν 3
So at high frequencies spontaneous emission dominate than stimulated
emission. LASER action require stimulated emission so it is easier to achieve
laser action at lower frequencies.
Laser : Fundamentals and Applications

Condition For LASER Action


Rate of Stimulated Emission / Rate of absorption = B21N2ρ/B12N1ρ = N2/N1
• Various cases are
• N2/N1 <1 Absorption dominates than emission
• N2/N1 =1 Saturation
• N2/N1 >1 Stimulated emission dominates
For LASER action, gain must be higher than the loss which in other
words means stimulated emission must dominate the absorption process.
From above relation it is clear that this condition is satisfied only when
population of excited state is more than ground state.
Laser : Fundamentals and Applications

Properties of Stimulated Emission


• The stimulated emitted photon have
• Same frequency as incident photon
• Same direction
• Same phase
Due to this features of the stimulated photon LASER are Highly
Monochromatic, Directional, Coherent.

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