Applications and Design Guidelines 1 Applications and Design Guidelines
Applications and Design Guidelines 1 Applications and Design Guidelines
Applications and Design Guidelines 1 Applications and Design Guidelines
Having calculated the total volume of rainwater that has to be drained, the
number of roof outlets can be calculated using equation 1.3.
NDT = V / VDT
Flow path 2
ha
Flow path 1
The purpose of the calculation is to keep the static residual pressure at Calculating the pressure difference of a pipe section
the exit point of every flow path within ±100 mbar. See paragraph 1.1.5 The available pressure difference of a pipe section is computed by repla-
for further requirements for a siphonic system. cing the 'ha of equation 1.5 by the height difference of the pipe section.
The static residual pressure of a flow path is equal to the available pres- 'pavailable, ls 'hls . g .U
sure difference created by the height difference between the entry point
Equation 1.7
and the exit point (ha in equation 1.5) minus the pressure loss caused by
the pipe friction in the auxiliary sections of the system.
Calculating the pressure loss of a pipe section
'prest 'pavailable - 'ploss The pressure loss of a pipe section is calculated by using equation 1.6
without the accumulation symbol 6.
Equation 1.4
'ploss, ls l.R+Z
The available pressure difference is calculated as indicated in equation
Equation 1.8
1.5.
l = pipe length (m) = the length of the pipe section
'pavailable 'ha . g .U R = pipe friction pressure loss (Pa/m) = (O/di) (0,5 . v2 x r)
with:
Equation 1.5
O = pipe friction factor according to Pradtl-Colebrook (wall roughness kb = 0,25 mm)
di = pipe section design diameter (m)
'ha available height from roof membrane to exit point v = flow velocity in flow path (m/s) = Qh/di
U mass density of water at 10oC: 1000 kg/m3 U = mass density of water at 10oC: 1.000 kg/m3
g gravitational acceleration: 9,81 (m/s2) Qh = rainwater load for the total roof section drained by the pipe
The calculation of the various flow paths must begin with the most un-
favourable flow path (insofar as pipe friction is concerned). In most cases, Table 1.1 indicates the pipe friction factors for each fitting. If the pipe
this flow path is from the roof outlet furthest removed from the exit friction factor for the roof outlet is not reported separately, the standard
point. factor can be taken from the table.
To properly calculate the pressure difference and pressure loss for every
flow path and to test it against the 100 mbar standard, every flow path is
divided into pipe sections (LS), see illustration 1.2. The pressure loss
calculations for each individual section are summed up (6 in equation
1.6) and subtracted from the summed up pressure differences for each
pipe section. The pipe section runs from fitting (change of direction or
diameter) to fitting, with the roof outlet being a separate pipe section
(DT). If a section is longer than 10 m, it must be split into two parts in
order to make the optimisation of diameters possible.
'pavailable,x = 'hx . g .U (available height difference between the entry point and point x)
'ploss,x = 6 (l . R + Z)x (summed losses until point x)
Illustration 1.3
Self-cleaning and velocities
To ensure the self-cleaning effect, the velocity in the system must be higher
The residual pressure is then determined by accumulating and offsetting than 0,7 m/s. At the exit point (the transition to partial filling), velocity
the pressure differences and pressure losses of every pipe section. must not be higher than 2,5 m/s.
1.1.5 System requirements Qstart = minimum drainage at the transition point from the collector pipe to the down pipe (l/s)
This paragraph provides details about the most important factor Qh = total rainwater load connected to the down pipe (l/s)
'Hi = height difference between entry point and the midpoint of the collector pipe (m)
affecting the performance of a siphonic system: the static residual 'Ha = height difference between entry point and exit point (m)
pressure of ±100 mbar at the exit point. In addition, there are a few
other requirements relating to pipe strength, self-cleaning, flow velocity
and the design diameter of the down pipe. Subsequently determine the design guidelines for the down pipe accor-
ding to EN 12056, in which Qstart > 1,2. Qmin and the length of the
Static underpressure down pipe must be at least 4 m.
Due to pipe strength, the static underpressure at any given point (x) in a
flow path must remain within the below-stated limits:
Illustration 1.4 Siphonic roof drainage system with siphonic emergency overflow
(not connected to sewer)
Illustration 1.5 Overflow raising piece for roof outlet Akasison 75 and 90
The capacity of the roof outlets with overflow raising piece is the same as
their original capacity without overflow raising piece (capacity as defined
in standard EN 1253).
Yes No
Art. Nr.: Art. Nr.: Art. Nr.: Art. Nr.: Art. Nr.: Art. Nr.: Art. Nr.:
740650 747710 747720 740930 740630 74750x 74758x
740950 + + 740932 740632
741150 74750x 74750x